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    16 Tenses

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    Herdyana Rahma

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    16 Tenses

    Uploaded by

    Herdyana Rahma
    19 views9 pages

    Original Title

    16 TENSES

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views9 pages

    16 Tenses

    Uploaded by

    Herdyana Rahma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 9

    16 TENSES

    PRESENT
    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    PAST
    SIMPLE PAST TENSE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

    PAST PERFECT TENSE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS


    TENSE

    FUTURE
    SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

    FUTURE PERFECT TENSE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS


    TENSE

    PAST FUTURE
    PAST FUTURE TENSE PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

    PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE PAST FUTURE PERFECT


    CONTINUOUS TENSE
    1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
    Fungsi: 1. Menjelaskan kejadian berulang
    Ex: My mother goes to the office everyday at 6 o’clock.
    2. Menjelaskan fakta
    Ex: Fire is hot
    3. Mengungkapkan perintah atau larangan
    Ex: Close the door !
    4. Kegiatan yang dipersiapkan terjadi segera
    Ex: The party starts soon
    5. Menjelaskan kemampuan watak, bakat, dan sifat seseorang
    Ex: Ana and Ani speak english fluently
    6. Mengutip berita atau informasi
    Ex: The announcement warn us to not gather

    Time signal
    Always, seldom (jarang), sometimes, every, every day, every week, etc

    About s/es
    Subjek I, You, We, They dan plural (jamak) tidak menggunakan s/es
    Subjek She, He, It, noun dan orang ketiga yang bersifat tunggal pada kalimat positive
    Ss, sh, ch, x, o + es
    Consonant + y – i + es
    Vocal + y + s

    Formula Verbal
    (+) S + V1 (s/es) + O
    You play gadget
    (-) S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + O
    She doesnt like coffe
    (?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?
    Do you know him ?
    (?-) Do/Does + Not + S + V1 + O ?
    Dont you like me ?
    Question word verbal

     Menanyakan subjek
    Who/what + V1 (s/es) + 3c/o + ?
    Who plays gadget ?

     Selain menanyakan subjek


    QW + Do/Does + S + V1 + 3c/o + ?
    Where does she live ?

    Formula Nominal
    (+) S + To be + adj, noun, adv
    I am beautiful
    (-) S + To be + not + adj, noun, adv
    You are not ugly
    (?) To be + S + adj, noun, adv + ?
    Is she from Indonesia ?
    (?-) To be + Not + S + adj, noun, adv + ?
    Isnt she mad ?
    Question word nominal
    QW + To be + adj, noun, adv
    Where + is + Mr. Diaz ?
    2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    Fungsi: Untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang sedang terjadi saat dibicarakan

    Time Signal
    Now, right now, at this moment, this time

    To be
    i – am
    you, we they – are
    he, she, it - is

    Formula Verbal
    (+) S + To be + V1 (ing)
    (-) S + To be + Not + V1(ing)
    (?) To be + S + V1 (ing) + ?
    (?-) To be + Not + S + V1 (ing) + ?
    Question word verbal
    Subject qw + is + Ving + O + ?
    Ex: Who is speaking english now ?
    Verb qw + To be + S + doing + ?
    Ex: What is she doing ?
    Object qw + To be + S + Ving + ?
    Ex: What am i speaking ?
    Adverb qw + to be + S + Ving + O ?
    EX: When am i speaking english ?
    Formula Nominal
    (+) S + To be + being + 3 + 3c
    Ex: She is being lazy
    (-) S + To be + Not + being + 3c
    Ex: They are being kind
    (?) To be + S + being + 3c + ?
    Ex: Is she being angry ?
    (?-) To be + Not + S + being + 3c + ?
    Ex: Isn’t she being angry ?
    Untuk nominal, bisa menggunakan rumus nominal present continuous tense dan atau
    rumus nominal simple present tense
    Namun terdapat perbedaan,

     Penggunaan rumus nominal simple present tense


    Ex: She is health (artinya dia sehat tidak pada saat itu saja )

     Penggunaan rumus nominal present continuous tense


    Ex: She is being health (dia sehat saat itu, namun mungkin sebelumnya dia tidak
    Sehat)

    3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE


    Fungsi: 1. Untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas yang sudah/belum terjadi dalam waktu
    Yang tidak terlalu jelas
    Ex: I have eaten
    2. Mengungkapkan kejadian yang telah berulah
    Ex: Daffa has visited monas for twice times this month
    3. Mengungkapkan kejadian ulangan dengan waktu yang tak tentu
    Ex: We have already read this book
    4. Menyatakan kejadian yang baru selesai
    Ex: I have just written it
    Time Signal: ever, never, already, just, still, yet, still, so far, ago, etc

    Formula verbal (Have/Has + V3)


    Untuk subjek i, you, we, they dan plural menggunakan Have
    He, she it dan singular menggunakan Has

    (+) S + Have/Has + V3
    Ex: i have eaten
    (-) S + Have/Has + Not + V3
    Ex: She hasn’t eaten yet
    (?) Have/Has + S + V3 + ?
    Ex: Have you eaten
    (?-) Have/Has + Not + S + V3 + ?
    Ex: Haven’t you studied ?
    Question word verbal

     Menanyakan subjek
    qw + has + V3 + ?
    ex: Who brought 3 books at school ?
    menggunakan has karena semuan question word ketika untuk menanyakan subjek
    auxulary yang dipakai harus tunggal

     Menanyakan verb
    What + Have/Has + S + done + ?
    Ex: What have they done ?

     Menanyakan selain subjek dan verb


    qw + Have/Has + S + V3 ?
    Ex: What have they brought at school ?

     Note
    Untuk Questuion word which, whose, and how harus ditambah dengan noun
    Contoh: “They brought 3 books at school”
    Kita coba untuk menanyaykan tentang 3 books, setelah dilihat 3 books adalah objek,
    maka kita gunakan rumus qw selain subjek dan verb, dan 3 books itu countable maka
    kita gunakan many
    How many books have they brought at school ?

    Formula Nominal
    (+) S + Have/Has + been + 3c
    She has been a Teacher
    (-) S + Have/Has + Not + been + 3c
    She has not been teacher
    (?) Have/Has + S + been + 3c + ?
    Have you been sleepy ?
    (?-) Have/Has + Not + S + been + 3c ?
    Haven’t you been there ?
    Question word nominal

     Untuk menanyakan subjek


    Qw + has + been + 3c + ?
    Ex: who has been in front of me

     Selain menanyakan subjek


    Qw + have/has + S + been + sleepy ?
    Ex: where have she been sleepy ?

    4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    Fungsi: untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang sudah terjadi namun masih


    Berlangsung (mengungkapkan durasi)

    Time Signal
    For and since
    Formula verbal
    Untuk subjek i, you, we, they dan plural menggunakan Have
    He, she it dan singular menggunakan Has
    (+) S + Have/Has + been + Ving
    I have been cooking for 2 hours
    (-) S + Have/Has + Not + been + Ving
    She hasn’t been singing
    (?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving + ?
    Have you been studying for 1 hour ?
    (?-) Have/has + not + S + been + Ving + ?
    Hasn’t she been studying for 3 hours ?
    Question word verbal
    To make an qw from any sentences,
    first you make a yes/no question
    then add question word to the begining of the sentences
    and drop the answer
    ex: have i been painting the wall ? becomes what have i been painting ?, etc

    Perbedaan present perfect tense dan present perfect continuous tense

     PP= FINISH PPC= ON GOING


     We are not normally use stative verbs in continuous way
     We can use PPC when us want to tell a temporary, new situation, thing that aren’t
    Usual, ex: my roommate has been being acting really odd lately

     We can use PP for tell our past live experience, ex: i have ever lived in bali
    ( a finished past live experience)

     Sometimes especially with the verb STUDY, WORK, LIVES


    There is No. real difference meaning between PP and PPC
     PP is generally neutral whereas the PPC can be used to emphasis the amount or
    length pf time that has passed
     The PP is commonly used to talk about how much/how many
    Ex: he has drunk 7 cups of tea this morning

     Sometimes we use the difference between PP and PPC to talk about the different
    kind of results in the present
    Ex: PP= I have done all of my chores, so i can come out tonight
    PP= I have prepared a big dinner, so you can come over
    PPC= I have been doing all of my chores, so i am exhausted
    PPC= I have been preparing a big dinner so all of my pans are dirty

    5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

    Fungsi: 1. Untuk menjelaskan aktivitas yang terjadi dengan jelas di masa lampau,
    kejadian yang telah benar benar berakhir
    2. untuk menjelaskan kegiatan yang biasa dilakukan di masa lampau
    Ex: i usually went to school by bus when i was in junior high school

    Time signal
    Yesterday, last night, ago, this morning, etc

    Formula Verbal

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