Exam 1 Formula Sheet Rev

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Clarkson University

ES222, Strength of Materials


Exam I – Formula Sheet

Axial Loading

P F F
Normal Stress: σ = Splice joint: τ ave = Single shear: τ ave =
A A A
F P
Double shear: τ ave = Bearing stress: σ b =
2A td

P P
σ= cos 2 θ , τ = sin θ cos θ P θ P
Ao Ao

ultimate load
Factor of Safety = F.S. =
allowable load

Stress and Strain – Axial Loading

δ
Normal strain: ε = Normal stress: σ = Eε Shear stress: τ = Gγ
L
PL PL
Elongation: δ = Rods in series: δ = ∑ i i

AE i Ai Ei

Thermal elongation: δ T = α ( ΔT ) L Thermal strain: ε T = α ( ΔT )

lateral strain
Poisson’s ratio: ν = −
axial strain

σ x νσ y νσ z
Generalized Hooke’s Law: εx = − −
E E E
νσ x σ y νσ z
εy = − + −
E E E
νσ x νσ y σz
εz = − − +
E E E
τ xy τ yz τ xz
γ xy = , γ yz = , γ xz =
G G G
E
G=
2 (1 + ν )

Units: k = 103 Pa = N/m2


M = 106 psi = lb/in2
G = 109 ksi = 103 lb/in2 kips = 103 lbs

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