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GRE-Official-Guide-Arithmetic Exercises

The document provides examples and explanations of percent calculations and arithmetic exercises involving percentages. It discusses calculating successive percent changes, prime factorizations, properties of even and odd integers, and using remainders to find the least possible value of a number. The document concludes with answers to 15 arithmetic exercises testing skills with percentages, factors, remainders, and properties of numbers.

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mohammed mezher
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162 views

GRE-Official-Guide-Arithmetic Exercises

The document provides examples and explanations of percent calculations and arithmetic exercises involving percentages. It discusses calculating successive percent changes, prime factorizations, properties of even and odd integers, and using remainders to find the least possible value of a number. The document concludes with answers to 15 arithmetic exercises testing skills with percentages, factors, remainders, and properties of numbers.

Uploaded by

mohammed mezher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRE Math Review

Thus, another way to get the final result is to multiply the value of the investment
by the decimal equivalent of 112%, which is 1.12:
($1,300)(1.12) = $1,456

A quantity may have several successive percent changes. The base of each successive
percent change is the result of the preceding percent change.

Example 1.7.6: The monthly enrollment at a preschool decreased by 8% during one


month and increased by 6% during the next month. What was the cumulative per-
cent change for the two months?
Solution: If E is the enrollment before the first month, then the enrollment as a
result of the 8% decrease can be found by multiplying the base E by the decimal
equivalent of 100% − 8% = 92%, which is 0.92:

0.92E

The enrollment as a result of the second percent change—the 6% increase—can be


found by multiplying the new base 0.92E by the decimal equivalent of
100% + 6% = 106%, which is 1.06:

(1.06)(0.92)E = 0.9752E
The percent equivalent of 0.9752 is 97.52%, which is 2.48% less than 100%. Thus,
the cumulative percent change in the enrollment for the two months is a 2.48% de-
crease.

ARITHMETIC EXERCISES
1. Evaluate the following.
(a) 15 − (6 − 4)(−2) (e) (−5)(−3) − 15
(b) (2 − 17) ! 5 (f) (−2)4(15 − 18)4
(c) (60 ! 12) − (−7 + 4) (g) (20 ! 5)2(−2 + 6)3
(d) (3)4 − (−2)3 (h) (−85)(0) − (−17)(3)

2. Evaluate the following.


2
1 1
(a) − +
2 3 12
1
(c) !78 − 45"
(b) !
3 1 −2
+
4 7 5 "! " (d) ! " ! ! "
3
−8
27
32

3. Which of the integers 312, 98, 112, and 144 are divisible by 8?

4. (a) What is the prime factorization of 372?


(b) What are the positive divisors of 372?
5. (a) What are the prime divisors of 100?
(b) What are the prime divisors of 144?
6. Which of the integers 2, 9, 19, 29, 30, 37, 45, 49, 51, 83, 90, and 91 are
prime numbers?
7. What is the prime factorization of 585?

219

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GRE Math Review

8. Which of the following statements are true?


(a) −5 < 3.1 (g) #(−3)2 < 0
(b) #16 = 4 21 3
(h) =
(c) 7 ! 0 = 0 28 4
1 (i) −⎪−23⎪ = 23
(d) 0 < −
⎪ ⎪
7
(j)
1
>
1
1 2 17
(e) 0.3 <
3 (k) (59)3(59)2 = 596
(f) (−1)87 = −1 (l) −#25 < −4

9. Find the following.


(a) 40% of 15 (d) 15 is 30% of which number?
(b) 150% of 48 (e) 11 is what percent of 55?
(c) 0.6% of 800
10. If a person’s salary increased from $200 per week to $234 per week, what
was the percent increase in the person’s salary?
11. If an athlete’s weight decreased from 160 pounds to 152 pounds, what was
the percent decrease in the athlete’s weight?
12. A particular stock is valued at $40 per share. If the value increases by 20
percent and then decreases by 25 percent, what will be the value of the
stock per share after the decrease?
13. If the ratio of the number of men to the number of women on a committee
of 20 members is 3 to 2, how many members of the committee are women?
14. The integer a is even and the integer b is odd. For each of the following
integers, indicate whether the integer is even or odd.

Integer Even Odd

a + 2b
2a + b
ab

ab
(a + b)2
a2 − b2

15. When the positive integer n is divided by 3, the remainder is 2 and when n
is divided by 5, the remainder is 1. What is the least possible value of n?

ANSWERS TO ARITHMETIC EXERCISES


1. (a) 19 (e) 0
(b) −3 (f) 1,296
(c) 8 (g) 1,024
(d) 89 (h) 51

220

This ebook was issued to HUAN-LIN CHANG, order #14803770223. Unlawful distribution of this ebook is prohibited.
GRE Math Review
1 9
2. (a) (c)
4 1, 600
5 4
(b) − (d) −
14 9

3. 312, 112, and 144


4. (a) 372 = (22)(3)(31)
(b) The positive divisors of 372 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 31, 62, 93, 124, 186, and
372.
5. (a) 100 = (22)(52), so the prime divisors are 2 and 5.
(b) 144 = (24)(32), so the prime divisors are 2 and 3.
6. 2, 19, 29, 37, and 83
7. 585 = (32)(5)(13)
8. (a) True (g) False; #(−3)2 = #9 = 3 > 0
(b) True (h) True
(c) False; division by 0 is undefined (i) False; −⎪−23⎪ = −23
(d) True (j) True
(e) True (k) False; (59)3(59)2 = 593+2 = 595
(f) True (l) True

9. (a) 6 (d) 50
(b) 72 (e) 20%
(c) 4.8

10. 17%
11. 5%
12. $36 per share
13. 8 women
14.

Integer Even Odd

a + 2b !
2a + b !
ab !
a b
!
(a + b)2 !
a2−b2 !

15. 11

221

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