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Introduction of Computer

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21 views

Introduction of Computer

Uploaded by

Sasi Rekha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER
WHAT IS COMPUTER?

Computers are that most interesting Machine that


have been invented so-far. Computers are turned
to be the most powerful medium for education,
communication and entertainment.
COMPUTER ABBREVIATION :-
C - Commonly
O - Oriented (or) Operating
M - Machine
P - Particularly (or) Processing
U - Used for, User
T - Technology (or) Trade
E - Educational
R - Research (or) Resources
Advantages:-
 Any complex problem can be solved.
 The results produced by a computer are
accurate and produce a quick output.
 Economically less cost.
 Accuracy
 Memory and Storage capacity is more.
Dis Advantages:-
 Different types of VIRUSES act upon
computers.
 Computers lack common sense.
 Uneducated peoples can’t operate.
 Jobs Vacant will be lesser.
 Educational Disturbance.
Applications of Computers:-
Computers are so fundamental to modern
society that without them, our economy would
grind to a halt. They are such flexible tools that
most people in the business community use them
every day.

 Now a day’s Computer controlled ATMs play


an important role.
 Computer is very useful in business.
 Computer is also used in Accounting
Departments.
 Computer is used for everything from
diagnosing illness and monitoring patients.
 Computers have sparked a revolution in
Education.
 Controlling Satellites.
 24 hours customers service etc..
TYPES OF COMPUTER :-
 Note book Computers
 Lap Top Computers
 Micro Computers
 Mini Computers
 Main-frame Computers
 Super Computers
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER
CPU

CONTROL

UNIT
INPUT
OUTPUT
UNIT
UNIT

MEMORY

UNIT

Arithmetic

And Logic Unit


Block diagram is a representation of the internal
functioning of computers. It helps the user to
understand the working of a computer.
Essently Computers perform three functions.
 It accepts data
 If generate information on the desired of
form.
 It processes data by performing the
desired arithmetic and logical operations.

INPUT, OUTPUT AND CPU UNITS


 Input Unit
 Output Unit
 Central Processing Unit – CPU
 Control Unit
 Memory Unit
 Arithmetic Logic Unit – ALU
INPUT UNIT:-
Input unit sends the instructions and / or data
to the computers. The data sent thro at the input
unit is immediately stored in the main memory for
processing.
The Input devices are listed below:-
 Key Board
 Mouse
 Light Pen
 Digitizer
 Track Ball
 Joy Stick
 OCR
 MICR
 OMR
 Barcode Reader
OUTPUT UNIT:- Output devices are used to get the
processed information from the computer. Output
is the result of the process that could be
communicated to the user through a device.
Some of the Output devices are
 Visual Display unit (VDU) or Monitor
 Computer Output Micro File
 Printer
 Plotter
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
This is the heart of the computer system where
all operations are carried out in this only. This unit
is divided into three sub-units, which are: ALU,
Memory Unit and Control Unit.
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT - ALU
This unit performs the operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplications, divisions, comparing
numbers, etc…., and stores the results within
itself. The data or information stored in the
memory is loaded to arithmetic logic unit and
temporarily stored in registers or accumulators
associated with this unit.
Memory Unit:-
Memory is the part of computer which stores
data, instructions, intermediate and final results. It
is also called as main memory. The data or
instructions given from the input unit is
immediately stored in the main memory on a
temporary basis.
The auxiliary memory refers to the bulk
storage area consisting of the following devices.
 Floppy Disk
 Hard Disk
 Compact Disks
 Magnetic Disks
 Magnetic Drums Etc.,.
CONTROL UNIT
The control unit controls all the activities of
the computer based on the Instructions. It controls
the flow of data and instructions to or from the
memory. The memory unit, arithmetic logical unit
and control unit are together considered as the
heart of the Computer and called the Central
Processing unit. The Central Processing unit
regulates all the activities of the overall computer
system.
(i) System Software.
(ii) Application Software

System Software
It deals with programs concerned with the
computer. These are collection of programs that
are fundamentally required to run a computer. For
example, without on Operating System Software
working in a computer in an impossible one. So
Operating System is a must for every computer.
Application Software
Application Software is a set of programs
necessary to carry out operations for a specific
application. It refers to the collections of programs
meant for specific application like programs for
word processing, database management etc.

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