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Archimedes - 1 2 and 3

1. Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces. 2. The document provides examples of applying this principle to calculate buoyant forces on objects submerged in various fluids like water, ethanol, and mercury based on the object's dimensions, mass, density, and the density of the surrounding fluid. 3. It also considers examples involving humans and large helium balloons to illustrate how buoyancy affects objects of different densities compared to the surrounding air or water.

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Claudine Riego
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117 views2 pages

Archimedes - 1 2 and 3

1. Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces. 2. The document provides examples of applying this principle to calculate buoyant forces on objects submerged in various fluids like water, ethanol, and mercury based on the object's dimensions, mass, density, and the density of the surrounding fluid. 3. It also considers examples involving humans and large helium balloons to illustrate how buoyancy affects objects of different densities compared to the surrounding air or water.

Uploaded by

Claudine Riego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Archimedes’ Principle states that the upward buoyant force which acts on an object is

equal to the weight of the fluid which it displaces. Use this principle and your knowledge
of physics to solve the following problems.

Other useful information:


r water = 1.0 g/cm3 r ethanol=0.76 g/cm3 r mercury=13.6 g/cm3
r air = 1.20 kg/m3 r He=0.18 kg/m3

Volume of a block: V=lwh Density: r =m/V


Volume of a sphere: V=(4/3) p r3 Weight: Fg=mg
Net force: S F = ma

PART I

1. If a block of aluminum measures 4.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm is completely submerged in a tank


of water, what volume of water does it displace? 40 cm3
2. What is the mass of the displaced water? 40 g
3. What is the weight of the displaced water? 0.4 N\
4. How large of a buoyant force acts on the block? 0.4 N
5. The mass of the aluminum block is 108 g. Determine its density. 2.7 g/cm3
6. If you release the metal block, will it sink, or will it float to the surface? Explain your
reasoning. Sink. Weight of block is 1.08 N which is greater than the buoyant force.
7. If you suspend the completely submerged the aluminum block from a string what will be the
tension in the string? (Hint: The net force on the block is zero. Draw a force diagram!)
Fnet=0  T+B-W=0  T=W-B = 1.08 – 0.4 = 0.68 N
8. If the block was submerged in ethyl alcohol instead, would the tension in the string be bigger
or smaller? Explain your answer. Tension increases to compensate for the decreased
buoyant force. An equal volume of fluid is displaced but it is less dense and therefore
weighs less.
9. What would happen to the aluminum block if you dropped it into a large container of liquid
mercury? Explain your answer. In order to displace 108 g of mercury requires only
about 3.0 cm3 so the block would float with only a small portion of the volume below
the surface.

PART II

10. A block of wood has dimensions 4.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm. Its mass is 20.0 g. How much
does it weigh? 0.2 N
11. What is the density of the block of wood? 0.50 g/cm3
12. If the block of wood is completely submerged in water, how large of a buoyant force will act
on it. (Hint: you should not need to do any additional calculations!) 0.40N
13. If you let go of the wooden block when it is completely submerged will it start to sink or will it
rise to the surface? What will be its initial acceleration? It will rise. Fnet=ma  .4 - .2 = .02
(a)  a=10m/s2 UP!!
14. Once the wood is floating on the surface, what is the net force acting on it? 0 N
15. How large of a buoyant force acts on the block as it floats on the surface? 0.20 N
16. What volume of water is being displaced by the wood block? 20 cm3
17. What percentage of the wood block is above the surface of the water? 50%
18. How much mass could you add to the block before it’s top surface was level with the water?
20 g
PART III
19. Imagine a person with a mass of 85 kg (188 lbs). If their density is 940 kg/m3 (slightly less
than the density of water), what is their volume in cubic meters? 0.090 m3
20. What is the weight of the air that is displaced by the person? 1.08 N
21. Do people experience an upward buoyant force? If so, why don’t we notice it much?
22. Imagine a spherical helium balloon with a radius of 2.0 meters. (No seriously, imagine it…
can you picture how large it would be? What is the volume of the balloon? 33.5 m3
23. Determine both the mass and the weight of the helium in the balloon. 6.03 kg, 60 N
24. Determine both the mass and the weight of the air that would be displaced by the balloon.
40.2 kg, 400 N
25. If the balloon was tethered to the ground by a string, what would be the tension in the string?
You can ignore the weight of the balloon material (Draw a force diagram!) 340 N
26. If the person un-tethered the balloon and held onto the string would he float away? Why or
why not?
27. BONUS: What radius would the helium balloon have to lift the person off the ground?
28. BONUS: In the previous question we ignored the material of a balloon. If a helium balloon is
made from mylar which has an AREA density of 0.01 g/cm2, what is the minimum radius a
helium balloon can have and still float (without supporting any other weight). Remember, the
surface area of a sphere is A=4r2.

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