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    Representing Core and Winding Losses

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    Tosikur Rahman
    This document discusses modeling core and winding losses in transformers. It explains that core losses are represented by equivalent shunt resistances across each winding based on no-load losses. It also notes that core and winding losses often can be neglected in studies but must be modeled for transformer saturation analysis. The document then describes transformer core saturation, how it is illustrated by the flux-current characteristic curve, and situations where saturation may occur such as overloading or inrush current during initial connection. It concludes by mentioning modeling saturation across a specified winding.

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    Representing Core and Winding Losses

    Uploaded by

    Tosikur Rahman
    38 views1 page
    This document discusses modeling core and winding losses in transformers. It explains that core losses are represented by equivalent shunt resistances across each winding based on no-load losses. It also notes that core and winding losses often can be neglected in studies but must be modeled for transformer saturation analysis. The document then describes transformer core saturation, how it is illustrated by the flux-current characteristic curve, and situations where saturation may occur such as overloading or inrush current during initial connection. It concludes by mentioning modeling saturation across a specified winding.

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    PSCAD TRansformer 07

    Original Title

    PSCAD TRansformer 07

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    This document discusses modeling core and winding losses in transformers. It explains that core losses are represented by equivalent shunt resistances across each winding based on no-load losses. It also notes that core and winding losses often can be neglected in studies but must be modeled for transformer saturation analysis. The document then describes transformer core saturation, how it is illustrated by the flux-current characteristic curve, and situations where saturation may occur such as overloading or inrush current during initial connection. It concludes by mentioning modeling saturation across a specified winding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views1 page

    Representing Core and Winding Losses

    Uploaded by

    Tosikur Rahman
    This document discusses modeling core and winding losses in transformers. It explains that core losses are represented by equivalent shunt resistances across each winding based on no-load losses. It also notes that core and winding losses often can be neglected in studies but must be modeled for transformer saturation analysis. The document then describes transformer core saturation, how it is illustrated by the flux-current characteristic curve, and situations where saturation may occur such as overloading or inrush current during initial connection. It concludes by mentioning modeling saturation across a specified winding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    RMS single-phase voltage rating of winding 1 (HV)

    RMS single-phase voltage rating of winding 2 (LV)

    RMS single-phase voltage rating of winding 3 (TV)

    Representing Core and Winding Losses


    When an 'ideal' transformer is modeled, the magnetizing current is not represented and must be added separately.

    Core losses are represented internally with an equivalent shunt resistance across each winding in the transformer. These resistances
    will vary for each winding in order to maintain a uniform distribution across all windings. The value of this shunt resistance is based
    on the No Load Losses input parameter.

    In most studies, core and winding losses can be neglected because of the little significance to results. Losses in the transmission
    system external to the transformer tend to dominate. Many transformer studies however, do require core saturation to be
    adequately modeled.

    Core Saturation
    An exciting current is required for voltage transformation by a transformer. The excitation characteristic of a transformer is
    determined completely by the core design, and winding design affects the characteristic only in so far as it determines the flux
    density in the core. Transformers are constrained in their performance by the magnetic flux limitations of the core. Since
    ferromagnetic materials cannot support infinite magnetic flux densities and they tend to saturate at a certain level. The nonlinear
    flux-current characteristic of a transformer iron core is illustrated below.

    Figure 6-5 - Flux-Current Characteristic of a Saturable Core Transformer

    The transformer may experience saturation in any of the following situations:

     When a transformer's primary winding is overloaded from excessive applied voltage, the core flux may reach saturation
    levels during peak moments of the sinusoidal cycle. If this happens, the voltage induced in the secondary winding will no
    longer match the wave-shape as the voltage powering the primary coil. In other words, the overloaded transformer will
    distort the waveshape from primary to secondary windings, creating harmonics in the secondary winding's output.

     When a transformer is initially connected to an AC source, a transient current of up to 10 to 50 times larger than the
    rated transformer current can flow for several cycles. For large transformers, inrush current can last for several seconds.
    This happens because the transformer will always possess residual flux, and when the transformer is re-energized, the
    incoming flux will add to that already existing, which will cause the transformer to move into saturation. Then, only the
    resistance of the primary side windings and the power line itself limit the current.

    Modeling Saturation Across a Specified Winding

    May 09, 2018 ©2018 Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 86

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