Unit 4.

THE MASS MEDIA

PHONETICS
1. Find the verbs ending in -ed from the text below and put them in the correct column.
When Bond arrived at the renovated Chateau, darkness had descended. He examined the shadowy
building. Its ground-floor windows were closed and shuttered. He glanced at his watch. He concluded that there
was no time to lose and decided to enter. He tried the gold-leafed front door but it was locked, barred and
bolted. He realized he needed a ladder. He looked around and noticed one on the grass. Noiselessly, he propped
it up against the freshly-painted balcony and started to climb. He had nearly reached the top when he spotted
headlights approaching. A large car pulled in through the gate. By the time it arrived at the door, Bond had
already jumped through the balcony window and discovered the cause of his anxiety.
-ed /id/ -ed /t/ -ed /d/
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

2. Write the correct pronunciation of the "ed" endings after each word: /id/, /t/ or /d/.
1. talked _________________ 6. lived _________________
2. waited _________________ 7. opened _________________
3. liked _________________ 8. closed _________________
4. visited _________________ 9. played _________________
5. pushed _________________ 10. excited _________________

VOCABULARY
1. Complete the sentences and definitions.
1. The time when something first begins to be widely used: ________________________
2. Your _____________________ is the way that you think and feel about somebody/something.
3. The activity of using messages on social networking sites, emails, text messages, etc. to frighten or upset
somebody: _____________________
4. If something is _____________________, it is more important, powerful or noticeable than other things.
5. When you are talking about a fact or an idea, _____________________ means "become known".
6. It’s a printed sheet of paper that is given free to advertise something: _____________________
7. You use a website or other service on the Internet to communicate with people who share your interests:
_____________________ _____________________
8. You can carry a _____________________ everywhere because it’s small and has a large touch screen.
9. A place connected to the Internet, where you put information: _____________________
10. A _____________________ is a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about something.

2. Choose the right word in the box to complete the sentences.

social networking objective Microblogging blog instant messaging
advertisement pie chart mass media attitude print media

1. They put an _________________ in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person.
2. The teachers seem to have a very relaxed _____________________ towards discipline.
3. You can post anything on a _____________________- a message, link, photo or video clip.
4. There is a close relationship between politics and the _____________________.
5. _____________________ is a web service that allows the subscriber to broadcast short messages to

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other subscribers of the service.
6. The _____________________ is composed of newspapers, community newsletters, wire services,
magazines, and other publications.
7. He stressed the importance of a completely _____________________, independent press.
8. With _____________________ you can exchange written messages with your friends very quickly.
9. English, baby! is an active _____________________ website for learning conversational English.
10. To draw a _____________________, we need to represent each part of the data as a proportion of 360,
because there are 360 degrees in a circle.

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Recruitment personnel agreed that there was a need for an ____________________ change in this area
of business. {attitude}
2. Children usually have an ____________________ to comic books. {addicted}
3. The book has succeeded in making philosophy ____________________ to a wider audience. {access}
4. Your business can be listed on the website for a low monthly ____________________. {subscribe}
5. The ____________________ of the squirrel behind the big tree startled them. {emerge}
6. His resignation must have some ____________________ with the recent scandal. {connect}
7. There has been a ____________________ rise in share prices recently. {five}
8. Language games are usually intended to encourage student ____________________. {interact}
9. The ____________________ was made on location in the Gobi desert. {document}
10. A great deal of effort has gone into making the software ____________________. {rely}

4. Choose the best answer.

1. The ____ of computer and internet has changed the way we lead our lives.
A. start B. advent C. beginning D. departure
2. We picked up a few ____ on local places of interest.
A. hand-in B. leaflike C. leaf D. leaflets
3. She has written ____ for several women's magazines.
A. paragraphs B. particles C. articles D. headlines
4. She ____ the GPS system before she left the airport.
A. switched on B. changed C. maintained D. turned up
5. The local ____ group is staging a production of the musical 'Grease'.
A. sports B. drama C. band D. playful
6. The facts behind the scandal are sure to ____ eventually.
A. arrive B. disappear C. emerge D. coming
7. I just had time to scan the ____ before leaving for work.
A. headaches B. head office C. headband D. headlines
8. She has a remarkable ability to ____ with a wide variety of people.
A. mixing B. connect C. joining D. relationship
9. The police refused to disclose the ____ of their information.
A. originate B. true C. original D. source
10. Most ____ have battery life that is far better than laptops.
A. PC tablets B. laptops C. tablets D. desktop PCs

5. What goes with each verb? Cross out the wrong answer.
1. to connect with friends / the Internet / family
2. to change your anger / attitude / opinion
3. Facts/ ideas / advents emerge
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4. A headline makes / reads / says something
5. to interact with children / the moon / people
6. to search for a missing child / your passport / your hands
7. to cut down on your look / fatty foods / accidents
8. to have access to medical care / imagination / the Internet
9. to rely on disappointment / a computer / someone
10. to be addicted to gambling / computer games / bedtime

6. Replace the incorrect underlined words / phrases with correct ones.

1. Have you got the dictionary appointment on your phone? I downloaded one yesterday.
2. Quick messaging helps me exchange written messages with my friends very quickly.
3. Liftlets are used to advertise or give information about something.
4. Their exports of rice have increased fifthfold during the last three months.
5. Society networking websites help you interact online with other people.
6. We describe to several sports channels and find them really interesting.
7. He prefers his table to the desktop PC, so he carries it everywhere with him.
8. Web-bullying happens when kids bully each other through electronic technology.
9. A round chart is a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion
of the whole.
10. Dominique's teacher says that she reacts well with the other children.

GRAMMAR
1. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box below.
in (x2) from (x2) with on (x2) for (x2) to
1. They searched ________ from ______ survivors from the earthquake but it was hopeless.
2. It's important to protect your skin ______from________ the harmful effects of the sun.
3. Some people believe _________in_____ life after death.
4. You may not approve ____________of__ what he did, but he's still your brother.
5. We couldn't agree __on_______ what to buy.
6. The police respond ____to__________ emergencies in just a few minutes.
7. He agreed _____with_________ them about the need for change.
8. Belgium are preparing _______for_______ Saturday's game against Spain.
9. He fell in the river, but his friend saved him _ from _____________ drowning.
10. The company specialises ____ in __________ customized computer systems.

2. Finish the sentences with your own ideas.

1. I sat waiting patiently for _______________________________________________________________
2. He’s in hospital, recovering from _________________________________________________________
3. He succeeded in ______________________________________________________________________
4. The animals died of ___________________________________________________________________
5. I can't concentrate on __________________________________________________________________
6. We agreed never to refer to _____________________________________________________________
7. He took an umbrella with him, but ________________________________________________________
8. I am writing to ask for _________________________________________________________________
9. Mary's suffering from __________________________________________________________________
10. The house smelt of ____________________________________________________________________

3. Complete the following sentences with the verbs either in the past simple or past perfect tense.
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1. My mother (worry) ________________ a lot about me before she (hear) _________________ that I was
safe with my friends.
2. I didn't like that country. It (be) ________________ much smaller than I (expect) ________________.
3. By the time the firefighters (arrive) ______________________, the building (already / burn)
____________________ down.
4. They (go) ___________________ to the cinema after they (finish) ___________________ their dinner.
5. She (just / enter) _____________________ the room when the door (open) ___________________ and
Jason (enter) ________________________.
6. After he (work) ________________________ for the software company for two years, he (decide)
_________________________ to give it up.
7. He (mug) ___________________ three passengers by the time the police (arrive) _________________.
8. I (never / eat) ________________ such a huge pizza before I (go) ________________ to Italy last week.
9. After we (discuss) _______________ it on the phone, I (write) _______________ him an email about it.
10. His grandfather (be) ________________ to the island three times before he (die) ________________.

4. Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use Past Simple or Past Perfect.
In March 1999, thieves (1. steal) ____stole______________ diamonds from Woolworth, a famous
jewellery shop in Boston. The thieves were very smart. Before the robbery, they (2. hide)
________hode__________ in the building next door and (3. cut) _________cut_________ a hole through the
wall.
They used it to get into the shop. By the time the guard at the entrance (4. see) ____had
seen______________ them, they (5. already / take) ______________have already taken____ the very expensive
jewellery from the safe.
A man from the neighbourhood (6. hear) ___heared_______________ some noises in the shop and he
(7. call) ________________called__ the police but when they (8. arrive) _______arrived___________ at the
shop, the thieves (9. escape) had escaped_______________.

READING
1. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
Mass media can be defined as the media used for addressing or communicating with the masses.
Anything that serves the source for communication amongst a large audience is included in the category of mass
media.
Mass media is a broad term under which includes everything or anything that conveys a message to the
masses is included. From newspapers to books, from radios to televisions, form the mobile phones to Ipods and
to the internet, all are included in the category of mass media. Though the term was coined in the 1920’s when
the radio and the television were revolutionizing the world into modern times, the concept of mass media is as
old as the human civilization itself.
The only difference is that the lives of the past people did not depend on the mass media like our lives do
today. We cannot live without mass media as it surrounds us like a shadow.
The mass media is used by the masses for the following basic purposes:
+ To get news and information
+ For entertainment i.e. music, movies, sports and drama
+ For communicating with other people.
Serving the above purposes, below given are three broad categories of mass media:
Publishing Media
The publishing media is the oldest form of mass media. This media includes books, newspapers and
magazines. The concept of books is not new. It is believed that the first ever book in the world was printed in
863 AD in China. Though it was the first book to be officially published, many historians claim that books has
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been released way before this time.
Newspapers are also not new. They were developed during the 17th century in England and by the 19th
century were common mass media.
The publishing media or the print media are not the only source of mass communication any more.
Therefore, there has been a decline in its popularity but still is a very important source of mass media still
popular amongst the huge masses.
Broadcasting Media
The broadcasting media includes radio and television. These two media are probably the most
highlighted inventions of the 20th century. The invention of radio changed the face of the earth forever. People
could now hear news from around the world live sitting at their homes. Where radio initiated the concept of
audio mass communication, television revolutionized the visual form of communication. Now people could not
only hear the news but they could also see it.
Although drama and plays had been popular even before the concept of any particular mass media, they
were revolutionized into movies, films, and tele serials to be displayed on TV.
Sports were also recorded or broadcasted live via radios and televisions making the life of people easy
who had to go to stadiums and buy tickets to watch a match of their favorite sport.
Similarly music videos, soaps, various talk shows started to become popular on televisions.
Today the broadcasting media is the most popular media amongst the masses. News channels cover a
story and an event within seconds of their occurring, keeping people updated minute by minute details of all the
important events occurring in the world.
The Electronic Media
The electronic media are the new age media which include computers, mobile phones, internet, Ipods,
CD players, tape recorders etc. The electronic media are what our world revolves around today. Internet is
believed to be the services of the services. It is the medium which connects the entire globe. It is the wonder of
the modern world on which our modern age largely depends on.
If you want to search for something, Google finds it for you in less than a second, through emails you
can get connected to someone from another part of the world in just few seconds.
Another marvel of the modern age is the mobile phone. Mobile phones were first introduced in 1979 in
Japan but they weren’t popular amongst the masses until the mid '90s. Within the span of ten to fifteen years
mobile phones have become so popular that the young generation can actually not live without it. Today mobile
phones are not just simple portable telephones but they are more of computers.
Cassette players which have now been revolutionized into Ipods and CD players were also an important
invention.
The most important invention of them all is perhaps the computers which not only turned the electronic
media around but also changed the face of modern technology. Without computers the Internet would have been
impossible.
1. What's the best heading for the text?
A. History of mass media.
B. The advent of Digital Media Age.
C. The popularity of mobile communication.
D. Types of mass media.
2. What are mass media?
A. Means of transport that serves the masses.
B. Means of communication serving a small number of people.
C. Any of the means of communication that reach very large numbers of people.
D. The media you use for writing a novel.
3. Which belongs to the category of mass media?
A. Sport. B. Newspapers. C. Music. D. Arts.
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4. How do the mass media affect our lives?
A. We cannot live without them.
B. The lives of the past people did not depend on the mass media.
C. The concept of mass media is as old as the human civilization itself.
D. They rely on us for existence.
5. Which is one purpose of using the mass media by the masses?
A. For publishing books. B. For entertainment.
C. To reduce stress. D. To cure diseases.
6. Which is TRUE about newspapers?
A. They were printed in 863 AD in China.
B. They were released way before 863 AD in China.
C. They were common mass media by the 19th century.
D. They were developed in 863 AD in England.
7. Which belong to the electronic media?
A. Books. B. Magazines. C. Newspapers. D. Mobile phones.
th
8. Which are considered the most highlighted inventions of the 20 century?
A. The Internet. B. Radio and television.
C. Cassette players. D. Mobile phones.
9. Which is NOT TRUE about the Internet?
A. It connects the whole world.
B. It is the oldest form of mass media.
C. Internet is believed to be the services of the services.
D. It is the wonder of the modern world.
10. When did mobile phones actually become popular?
A. Right from the introduction. B. Between ten and fifteen years.
C. In the middle of 1990s. D. They are not just simple portable telephones.

2. Read the second text and choose the best answer.

Different Types of Mass Media
Computers
With the invention of computers the (1) ____ has become possible. We virtually get information (2)
____ everything from pin to piano with the help of computers. It has added speed and multimedia to the
information (3) ____ was earlier available only in the print format. Also, anyone can voice their opinions
through computers. Computers have added a new breakthrough in the mass media by (4) ____ human
intelligence with the cutting edge technology.
Internet
It's the most important (5) ____ of the new age media. The discovery of Internet can be called the
biggest invention in mass media. In the earlier days, news used to (6) ____ people only with the morning
newspaper. But today, live updates reach US simultaneously as the events unfold. For example, the royal
wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince William was watched live on the Internet (7) ____ millions of people
around the world. It's inspired interaction and connectivity through its social networking medium.
Websites
Internet has a plethora of websites (8) ____ to various people, companies, brands, causes, activities, etc.
The most significant utility of these websites is for providing information, search engines, downloads through
libraries, and interaction through the (9) ____ networking sites. Because of these websites, carrying out e-
commerce transactions has also become easy.
Podcasts
Podcasts are mediums of mass communication that include short video or audio files. They can be seen
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and heard on mobiles, computers, and (10) ____ media instruments. They are engaging devices of
communication.
1. A. impossible B. possible C. probable D. unable
2. A. at B. in C. about D. towards
3. A. whose B. where C. who D. which
4. A. supporting B. combining C. associate D. joined
5. A. device B. equipment C. machine D. tool
6. A. get B. arrive C. reach D. come
7. A. for B. by C. to D. at
8. A. similar B. addicted C. devoted D. dedicated
9. A. mass B. society C. socially D. social
10. A. possible B. portable C. suitable D. probable

3. Read another text and choose the best answer.

Today 97% of teens in the U.S. play video games, and sales of games are growing. The domestic video
game industry brings in nearly $12 billion a year. This popular form of media has both positive and negative
effects on children.
The most widely acknowledged "positive" impact is that video games may help children improve their
manual dexterity and computer literacy. Ever-improving technology also provides players with better graphics
that give a more "realistic" virtual playing experience.
This quality makes the video game industry a powerful force in many adolescent lives. When a video
game is “pro-social” and rewards players for building a town or helping others, children tend to show more
empathy and helpfulness in their daily lives, according to a 2014 study by Douglas Gentile, Ph.D., associate
professor of psychology at Iowa State University.
However, studies also show that video games with violent content are linked to more aggressive
behaviour in teens. This is a concern because most of the popular video games contain violence.
Part of the increase in aggressive behavior is linked to the amount of time children are allowed to play
video games-and daily media use by children is increasing significantly.
A 2010 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that youth age 8 to 18 devote seven-and-a-half
hours a day to entertainment media. Less than half of the kids surveyed said their parents have rules about the
shows and games they can watch or play.
In interactive video games, players are encouraged to identify with and role play their favorite
characters. Players move up in game levels as their character masters skill and wins. In a video game about
stock cars, winning may mean winning the race. But in many of the popular games, players move up levels by
winning fights or battles. Players directly benefit from engaging in acts of violence.
Gentile & Anderson [2003] state that playing video games may increase aggressive behaviour because
violent acts are continually repeated throughout the video game. This method of repetition has long been
considered an effective teaching method in reinforcing learning patterns.
Research has also found that, controlling for prior aggression, children who played more violent video
games during the beginning of the school year showed more aggression than other children later in the school
year.pv
1. What's the text mainly about?
A. Tips on Managing Teen Media Consumption.
B. The Entertainment Software Rating Board.
C. Impact of Video Games on Adolescents.
D. Impact of Video Games on Children.
2. Which sentence shows that selling video games is big business in the USA?
A. Today 97% of teens in the U.S. play video games.
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B. This popular form of media has both positive and negative effects on children.
C. Video games may help children improve their manual dexterity and computer literacy.
D. The domestic video game industry brings in nearly $12 billion a year.
3. What adjective is used to describe video games in Paragraph 1?
A. Negative. B. Popular. C. Positive. D. Domestic.
4. What does the phrase “ever-improving technology” refer to?
A. Video games. B. Video graphics.
C. Virtual playing experience. D. Adolescent lives.
5. What does the violent content in video games lead to, according to some studies?
A. Powerful adolescent lives. B. It rewards players.
C. More aggressive behaviour in teens. D. Less violence.
6. How long a day do American teenagers spend on entertainment media?
A. Between 8 and 18 hours. B. Half an hour.
C. Seven and a half hours. D. Seven hours.
7. What benefit do players get as your character masters skill and wins in interactive video games?
A. Players are encouraged to identify with their favorite characters.
B. Players are encouraged to role play their favorite characters.
C. Players win fights or battles.
D. Players move up in game levels as their character masters skill and wins.
8. Why may playing video games increase aggressive behaviour, according to Gentile & Anderson?
A. Players directly benefit from engaging in acts of violence.
B. Continual repetition of violent acts throughout the video game.
C. It's an effective teaching method.
D. Daily media use by children is increasing significantly.

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