‫تجميع أسئلة ماده‬

‫‪Elective module‬‬

‫اإلجابة بالون األحمر‬

‫اللون األخضر كلها أسئلة جات في كويز ‪ 1‬او كويز ‪ 2‬او‬

‫الميد تيرم او اعطتنا هيا في الكالس روم (ركزي عليها)‬

‫اللون األسود أسئلة قالتها وسط الشرح‬

‫اللون األزرق كل التعداد‬

‫ابتسام العمري‬
‫ال تنسوني من دعواتكم وألبي المتوفي‬
‫انشروا األسئلة وبالتوفيق للجميع‬

‫مالحظه‪ :‬يونت ‪ 2‬اضفتوا مع يونت ‪ 11-9-8-7‬ما في غير‬

‫أسئلة الجزء الزائد (الجهاز الهضمي)‬
Unit 1

1- Aging mean is the process of becoming ………..

Older

2- ……………….is the number of years you have been alive

 Chronological age
 Biological age

3- The age of a person as measured from birth to a given date is :

 Biological age
 Chronological age
 Idiopathic age
 Non - essential age

4- ……………… is the age of a person that is calculate from his date of birth
 Chronological age
 Biological age

5- Which age is concentrate on the bases of how old a person is body seems
 Biological age
 Chronological age

6- .................determine by various factors such as lifestyle , genetics , exercise , sleep

habits , nutrition
 Biological age
 Chronological age

7- ……………….Is the ability to continue to function mentally, physically, socially and

economically as the body slows down its processes.
Healthy aging

8- The specialty that focuses on health care of elderly people is :

 Pediatrics
 Podiatrist
 Geriatrics
 Genetics

9- Geriatrics is the specialty that focuses on health care of ………………..

 children
 elderly people
10- What is the aims of Geriatrics
 Prevent health by promoting and treating diseases
 Promote health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities

11- …………….is a doctor who specializes in care of the elderly and the diseases that
affect them
Geriatrician

12- The branch of nursing concerned with the care of the older population, including
promotion of healthy aging as well as prevention, assessment, and management of
physiological, pathological, psychological, economic, and sociological problems
 Pediatric Nursing
 Geriatric Nursing
 Emergency nursing
 cardiac nursing

13- Geriatric nursing care is concerned with the :

 Nursing care of mother and child
 Prevention of healthy aging as well as promotion of problems
 Promotion of unhealthy aging as well as complications
 Promotion of healthy aging as well as prevention and management of problems

14- ……………….is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health

15- In the developed world , the ……………………. is an indicator of old age , and the age of
60-65 years is the retirement age and the beginning of old age .
 Mental health status
 Disease condition
 Chronological time
 Biological time period

16- Which of the following is an individual Factors that will Influencing Healthy Aging
 Assistive technologies
 Genetic factors
 Transportation
 Social facilities
17- Which of the following is an Environmental Factors that will Influencing Healthy
Aging
 Habits and behaviors
 Aging-related changes
 Household environment
 Developing diseases

18- Which of the following is common physical health problems associated with aging?
 Dementia
 Isolation
 Fear and anxiety
 Fall and fracture

19- Which of the following is the common Mental Health Problems association with
aging
 Dementia
 Isolation
 Fall and fracture

20- Which of the following is the common Social Health Problems association with aging
 Dementia
 Isolation
 Fear and anxiety
 Fall and fracture

21- healthy lifestyle helps to delay the deterioration in health status and also :
 Increase early mortality
 Reduce early mortality
 Reduce the body's functional capacity
 Increase the cost of medical treatment

22- Which of the following is the best way to promote Healthy Aging
 Maintaining healthy behaviors including balanced diet and physical activity
 Promotion of chronic disease
 Avoiding of annual checkup

23- Which of the following habit will make toxins that expose skin to oxidative stress
causes dryness, wrinkles, and lead to premature aging.
Smoking

24- Because of the sun exposure the UV rays It will damage the DNA in skin cells is which
can resulting …………….
Wrinkles
25- …………………is a rare genetic conditions can cause to show signs of aging in childhood
and early puberty .
 Progeria
 Sickle cell anemia
 Hemophilia
 Thalassemia
Unit 2

1- Presbyesophagus mean…………..
Disturbances of esophageal activity

2- Because of Decrease peristaltic movement and delayed transit time in elderly person
lead to………..
Dysphagia

3- Which of following changing can be risk of aspiration in elderly person

Relaxed lower sphincter

4- Relaxed lower sphincter in older adult can increase the risk of ..........
Aspiration

5- Which of following is Chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa of stomach

Atrophic gastritis

6- Constipation and increase storage capacity in elderly person due to………….

Decrease in colonic motility

7- The physiologic changes with aging make decrease in colonic motility leading to
constipation and therefore………………..is more common in older adults .
 Laxative abuse
 Acetaminophen abuse
 Analgesics abuse
 Diuretics abuse
Unit 3

1- What are the two most essential point as a nurse you will consider when
communicating with elderly people
Thoughtfulness and appropriate time arrangement

2- What are the important aspect you will take into consideration when
communicating with the elderly
Physical, psychological and environmental factors

3- …………………………Is the process of exchanging ideas, emotions, information,

Messages and thoughts between two or more people.
Communication

4- Ask appropriate question and adjust tone of voice is ……………….

Techniques Verbal Communication

5- Which type of communication the Exchanging Messages by , language, ideas,

emotions, information will be through using words or speech
 Verbal communication
 Nonverbal communication

6- Facial expression is ……………

Techniques of Non -Verbal Communication

7- Which type of communication the Exchanging Messages by facial expressions,

posture, eye contact, gestures, tone of voice, body language will be through without
using words
 Verbal communication
 Nonverbal communication

8- which of the following is important point for a nurse to consider during conversation
with an elderly population
 2 minute conversation
 use Complicated words
 encourage elderly to take active role and give them chance to talk
 encourage elderly to take inactive role and don't give them chance to talk

9- when we use of language what are the most essential and helping us to have
affected communication older adult
 Use simple and concrete words
 Use complex and abstract words
10- Which of the following we will use in Non -Verbal Communication Techniques
 Use of speech
 Use of words
 Facial expression and eye contact

11- it is Non -Verbal Communication Techniques concentrated about Posture and

gesture
 Friendly, kind, sincere and respectful
 Nodding, appropriate movements, appropriate positioning of chairs
 Holding hands, patting the hand, embracing

12- What are Influential Factors under the Physical Aspect in older people
Hearing and Vision impairment

13- if you have patient with Hearing and Vision impairment what are the
Communication Skills as a nurse should follow
 Speak in a louder voice and slower pace
 Appreciate the standpoint and feelings of others from their angle
 Reduce the noise and disturbance

14- What are Influential Factors under the Psychological Aspect in older people
Thinking and Mood

15- What are Influential Factors under the Environmental Aspect in older people
Disturbance, Privacy and Adequacy of time

16- What is the best mission we can use to over Influential Factors under the
Environmental Aspect to effective communication
 Reduce the noise and disturbance in the environment and Provide a comfortable
environment
 Speak in a slower voice
 Understanding feelings of others
Unit 4

1- When we celebrate international day for elderly person

1st October

2- Witch of the following are more acceptable for injuries, accident, and accidental
deaths
 Young adult
 Middle adult
 Older adult

3- Most Common safety problems among older adults is ……………..

Falls, Burns, Poisoning and Automobile accidents

4- Witch of the following factors that include the normal physiologic changes with
aging, increased incidence of chronic disease, increased use of medications, and
cognitive or emotional changes.
 Internal factors
 External factors

5- Witch of the following factors that include a variety of environmental factors that
present hazards to older adults.
 External factors
 Internal factors

6- Witch of the following will lead to Reduced ability to detect and respond to warning
calls, whistles or alarms
 Hearing and Vision impairment
 Decreased cardiac output
 Joint mobility and Flexibility.

7- Decreased Sense of Smell and Taste can be increase the risk for……………….. in older
adults.
 Falls
 Vertigo or syncope
 Accidental food or chemical poisoning

8- Decreased cardiac output and decreased oxygen and blood supply can be increase
the risk for ………….. In older adults.
Vertigo (dizziness) or syncope

9- Older adult with Parkinson's disease or Neurological condition experience with

weakness, change gait and balance that increase the risk for.............
Falls
10- Musculoskeletal conditions such as………… can reduce joint mobility and Flexibility
increased risk for ……………
Arthritis / accidents or injury.

11- medications that alters ……………………, slows reaction time, or causes……………… in

older adults
Sensation or perception / orthostatic hypotension

12- …………….is The most common safety problems in older adults

Falls

13- Which of following Temperature Regulation Changes in elderly person

 Hypothermia
 Hyperthermia

14- ………………..is the body temperature of 95 F or lower.

Hypothermia

15- The elderly people have Decreased muscle tissue, decreased muscle activity,
decreased peripheral circulation, subcutaneous fat, and decreased metabolic rate.
We as a nurse are expected the patient have risk for …………………
 Hypothermia
 Hyperthermia

16- ………………..is the body temperature higher than normal

Hyperthermia

17- The elderly people are risk for Hyperthermia due to…………….
 The body is unable to get rid of excess heat.
 The body is able to get rid of excess heat.

18- ……………can be caused by excessively high environmental temperatures, an……………

to dissipate heat, or increased heat production due to …………….
Hyperthermia / inability /exercise, infection, or hyperthyroidism
Unit 5

1- Which of the following healthy habits/factors can slow down the aging process?
 Inadequate sleep and balanced meals
 Smoking and over eating habits
 Balanced diet, overweight and inadequate sleep
 Balanced diet, regular exercise and adequate sleep

2- which of the following healthy habits can slow down the aging process
 inadequate sleep
 adequate sleep

3- Which of the following can enhance wellness, improve nutritional status, help avoid
illness and prevent or delay diseases and disability
 Healthy eating
 unhealthy eating

4- Healthy eating can enhance wellness, it will improve nutritional status and...............
 promote illness and promote complication
 Avoid illness and prevent or delay diseases and disability

5- Healthy eating can enhance wellness,........................., help avoid illness, and prevent
or delay diseases and disability.
 Detoriate nutritional status
 Improve nutritional status
 Develop disease conditions
 Enhance sleep deprivation

6- Healthy eating in elderly population can :

 Deteriorate wellness, improve nutritional status, help develop illness and prevent
or delay diseases and disability
 Enhance wellness, improve nutritional status, help avoid illness and prevent or
delay diseases and disability
 Promote illness , prevent wellness and does not meet nutritional requirements
 Prevent positive health and promote unhealthy life

7- We always advise the elderly to drink plenty of fluids because of losing the feeling of
thirst, which helps drinking water to stay …………….
Hydrated

8- why we should include vegetables in the diet of elderly people

1- Because colored vegetables brighten the plate and they attraction to take a food
2- Vegetables are a low-calorie source of nutrients
3- Vegetables are good source of fiber
9- What is the reason or rationale for adding vegetables to the elderly eating
• Low calorie source and high source of fiber
• High calorie source and low source of fiber

10- You have a patient who has problems with gums and teeth , as a nurse what is the
recommendation of the diet you will give to his
 solid foods
 hard foods
 soft foods

11- Why should sometimes add spices and herbs to the elderly eating
1- Because of the change in the sense of smell and the sense of taste
2- some medicines can change the taste of food

12- You have a patient who has problems with deterioration of sense of smell and sense
of taste because of some Medicines or because of aging proses , as a nurse what is
the recommendation of the diet you will give to his
 stop the Medicines
 Use herbs and spices that can flavor the food

13- The sense of taste or smell or both changed and medicines may also change taste
among older adults. Therefore....................... Can be more effective to encourage
them to take food in a better way.
 Aerobic activity should be performed
 Anaerobic activity should be performed
 Add flavor to their meals with herbs and spices
 Encourage more fluid intake

14- Physical activity and regular exercise among older adults can improve cardiovascular
and muscular fitness and :
 Increase the risk of depression and cognitive decline
 Reduce the risk of depression and cognitive decline
 Enhance the risk of depression and cognitive decline
 Decrease the skeletal strength and functional health

15- Older adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate - intensity aerobic physical
activity throughout the week to :
 Decline cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness , bone and functional health ,
enhance the risk of depression and cognitive decline
 Promote cardiorespiratory and muscular diseases
 Improve cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness , bone and functional health ,
reduce the risk of depression and cognitive decline
 Increase the risk of depression and cognitive decline
16- Why should we encourage elderly people with poor mobility should perform
physical activity
To enhance balance and prevent falls

17- Elderly people with poor mobility ( are unable to walk or who have difficulty getting
up from the bed ) should perform physical activity to enhance balance and prevent
falls , What kind of sport is recommended
 moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity
 moderate-intensity anaerobic physical activity

18- According to many resources the elderly person may have fragmented or disturb
sleep or sleep deprivation, they are at risk of……....
 Increased cardiovascular disease and decreased immune function
 Decreased cardiovascular disease and Increased immune function

19- Chronic sleep deprivation can cause …………..

1- increased cardiovascular disease
2- increased levels of inflammatory blood markers
3- decreased immune function

20- Sleep-deprived in older adult can causes………..

Fatigue make it hard to be physically active

21- The sleep-deprived in older adult can causes fatigue, the older adult will be.........
 physically active
 physically inactive

22- which of the following problem in the older adult causes fatigue and will be
physically inactive during a day
 regular physical exercise
 sleep-deprived

23- What is the sleep pattern changes you can see in elderly person
Sleep become lighter and more fragmented

24- due to physiological changes in elderly person, what you expect in their sleep
pattern
 the sleep is become Deeper and continuous
 the sleep is become lighter and more fragmented
 the sleep is become Deeper and undisturbed
25- Aging cause sleep to become ........................ and may cause people to need a little
less sleep than when they were younger.
 Deeper and continuous for 6-8 hours
 Lighter and more fragmented
 Continuous for 12 hours
 No changes in sleep pattern

26- What is recommended for the elderly to improve sleep

1- regular sleep time
2- Limiting the duration and frequency of day time naps
3- promotion of daily exercise
4- avoidance of caffeine and heavy meals
5- promotion of comfort using techniques such as dim lighting

27- Chronic stress in older adult can cause physical health problems such as……….
Cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and decreased immune function

28- what is your recommendation as a nurse to reduce a stress for older adult
1- improving sleep
2- exercising
3- meditation
4- relaxation strategies

29- which of the following is the major risk factor can cause disability in elderly person
 recommended body mass index
 underweight
 obesity

30- Which of the following nursing intervention helps to relieve constipation in elderly
population?
 Decrease the dietary intake of fiber and fluids
 Increase the dietary intake of fiber and fluids
 Reduce physical activity
 Increase chronic stress throughout the life

31- Which of the following nursing intervention can reduce the risk of constipation
among elderly?
 Reduce the physical activity
 Decrease fluid intake
 Discourage dietary intake of fiber and fluids
 Encourage dietary intake of fiber and fluids
32- which of following can improve Impaired Urinary Elimination in older adult
Exercise to improve sphincter muscles control

33- Which of the following is the nursing intervention for a patient with urinary
incontinence
Promote hygiene and skin care to prevent infection and bed sores

34- ......................... Refers to an involuntary leakage of urine.

 Urinary retention
 Urinary tract infection
 Urinary incontinence
 Anuria

35- Nursing Interventions for Urinary Incontinence (any involuntary leakage of urine)
1- Toileting assistance
2- Bladder retraining.
3- Pelvic muscle rehabilitation ( pelvic muscle exercises )

36- if you have a patient with Urinary Incontinence what is the rationale behind to
Promoting hygiene and skin care
To preventing infection and bed sores
Unit 6

1- Which of the following changes in older adult after taking medication

 Less duration of effect
 Prolong duration of effect

2- Why there is medication absorption changes in older adult because of ............

 decreases gastrointestinal blood flow and Decreased gastric emptying time
 increases gastrointestinal blood flow and increases gastric emptying time

3- The older adults are very sensitive to medication due to :

 Increased gastrointestinal blood flow
 Quick absorption and increased gastric emptying
 Slow absorption and decreased gastric emptying
 No changes in blood flow

4- Use of ................... as chemical restraints presents a risk to the rights of older adults
 Laxatives
 Psychotropic drugs
 Diuretics
 Analgesics

5- Why does the older adults require lower dose or less frequent dose to maintain
effective level of medication?
 An increased gastric emptying time
 Fast absorption of medicine
 Slow absorption and decreased gastric emptying time
 Accidently take same drug twice

6- ........... Eliminate some medications from the body more slowly than younger
persons and therefore require a lower or less frequent dosage to maintain an
effective level of medication.
 Adolescents
 Middle adults
 Young adults
 Older adults

7- Older people eliminate some medications from the body more slowly than younger
persons and therefore require a ……………… to maintain an effective level of
medication
 Lower dosage of medication
 Higher dosage of medication
 Multiple dosage of medication
8- Accidentally the elderly sometimes take too much of a medication or skipped
because of…………..
Forgetfulness

9- because of forgetfulness The elderly sometimes may accidentally take too much of a
medication, as a nurse what you recommend to them
Use of a 7-day pillbox

10- Older adults often use multiple medicines , increasing the risk of …………. and the
potential for side effects
 Obesity
 Hypertension
 Liver cirrhosis
 Drug interaction

11- Which of the following is common cause that can mainly increase the risk of drug
interactions and the potential side effects among elderly population?
 Use of single medicine
 Use of multiple medicines
 Taking medicine after food
 Forgetfulness

12- …………….can mainly affect how medicine works , is absorbed , broken down and
removed from the body among elderly population
 Increased liver and kidney function
 Decreased liver and kidney function
 Cost of medicine
 Storage of medicine

13- why the older adult usually requires large number of medication they having
complex medication regimen
Because of chronic conditions

14- Because of............... the Older adults may not follow medication plans
Forgetfulness

15- If the elderly person they may forget and they don't follow the doctor order as it is ,
we call it is .............
 non-adherence to the treatment
 medication complain
Unit 7

1- Which of following changes can be notes in Cardiovascular system in elderly person

Decrease Cardiac output 1 % per year after 30 years of age

2- Which of following changes can be notes in Blood Pressure in elderly person

BP increase 1 mm of hg every year after 50 years

3- The Thickening of arterial walls is call …………..

Arteriosclerosis

4- Which term refers to the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of
arteries, which can occur in older adults?
 Heart failure
 Arteriosclerosis
 Cholelithiasis
 Bronchiectasis

5- Loss of elasticity and Loss of SA node cells in elderly person lead to…………………
Slowed conduction

6- Myocytes death without replacement can put elderly person at risk of …………
Myocardial infarction

7- Which of the following cause lead an elderly person to increase risk of myocardial
infarction?
 Controlled cholesterol level
 Controlled blood pressure
 Myocytes death with replacement
 Myocytes death without replacement

8- Arterial wall thickening and stiffening in elderly person can lead to…………….
Fatigue (fatigability)

9- Left ventricular Hypertrophy and atrial Hypertrophy in elderly person can lead to..…..
Coronary artery Disease

10- Sclerosis of atrial and mitral valves in elderly population increase the risk of :
 Pneumonia
 Bronchitis
 Congenital heart disease
 Congestive Heart failure
11- Elderly person they are risk of Congestive Heart failure due to……………
Sclerosis of atrial and mitral valves

12- Decrease in Beta-adrenergic response in elderly person can lead to …………………….

Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm)

13- Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity in older adults can cause:

 Increased respiration rate
 Diaphoresis
 Increased peripheral pulse and warm extremities
 Diminished peripheral pulse and cold extremities

14- Decrease SA node automaticity in elderly person can lead to……………

Increased blood pressure

15- The diastolic dysfunction is one of the cardiovascular changes occur with aging and
leads to…………………
 Apnea
 Snoring
 Decrease glucose tolerance
 Postural hypotension

16- …………………is a condition sudden drop in blood pressure when suddenly standing
manifested by light headache , loss of vision , dizziness , weakness and syncope due
to Diastolic Dysfunction
Postural Hypotension (orthostatic hypotension)

17- …………….. A condition in which the blood pressure falls when a person goes from
lying or sitting to standing. This causes dizziness because there is less blood flow to
the brain.
Orthostatic hypotension

18- The other name of orthostatic hypotension is ……………

Postural Hypotension

19- ……………….any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical

structure or function
Impairment

20- ………...............any restriction or lack ( resulting from an impairment ) of ability to

perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a
human being
Disability
21- ……………….a disadvantage for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfillment
of a role that is normal
Handicap

22- ……………Medical or health problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that

require long-term management (3 months or longer).
Chronic illness

23- The blunted responsiveness to beta adrenergic stimulation in older adult can result
in:
 Increased heart rate and cardiac output
 Reductions in heart rate and cardiac output
 Enhanced heart rate and cardiac output
 No changes in cardiac output

24- the elderly person will have decreased baroreceptor function or sensitivity , the
patient may have
 increased heart rate
 decreased heart rate

25- due to the blunted responsiveness to beta - adrenergic stimulation , which of the
following can be notes in the elderly people
 increase the heart rate and cardiac output
 reduce the heart rate and cardiac output

26- Why in the elderly people the maximal cardiac output is reduce and decreased the
heart rate
Due to the blunted responsiveness to beta - adrenergic stimulation or because of
decreased of beta - adrenergic response

27- In the elderly person, the natural pacemaker (the SA node) loses some of its cells. as
a nurse we expect the patient have
 high heart rate
 Slower heart rate

28- Which of the following is The natural pacemaker of the heart

 SA node (sinoatrial node)
 AV node (atrioventricular node)

29- The amount of blood that the chamber can hold may actually………….. Despite the
……………overall heart size.
 decrease / increased
 increased / decrease
30- The abnormal heart sound or heart murmur that can be caused by ................in older
people.
Valve stiffness

31- ..................can be caused by valve stiffness is fairly common in older people.

Heart murmur

32- In older adults, the normal physiological aging changes include deposits of the aging
pigment called:
 Glucose
 Aminoacids
 Uric acid
 Lipofuscin

33- Which of following can monitor or control the blood pressure within normal range
when the person changing position or doing activity
Baroreceptors

34- The baroreceptors become less sensitive with aging. Which of following
consequences can occur in the older adult
Orthostatic hypotension

35- An orthostatic hypotension , a condition in which the blood pressure falls when a
person goes from lying or sitting to standing occurs due to :
 More sensitive baroreceptor activity
 Less sensitive baroreceptor activity
 Changes in the electrolyte level
 Changes in the minerals

36- The older adults experience orthostatic hypotension due to:

 Increased adrenergic response
 Myocytes replacement than usual
 Baroreceptors become more sensitive with aging
 Baroreceptors become less sensitive with aging

37- because of reduction in total body water in elderly person , we expect about blood
volume
 Blood volume decreases.
 Blood volume increase

38- The speed with which red blood cells are produced in response to stress or illness is
reduced and slower response to blood loss. The patient risk for..............
Anemia
39- The elderly people is high risk of infection because of...........
 reduction in neutrophils
 increased in neutrophils

40- The neutrophils decrease in their number in blood stream in elderly person and
therefore it:
 Reduces the risk of developing infection
 Increases the risk of developing infection
 Increase the ability to resist infection
 Develop anemia

41- ..............is chest pain caused by temporarily reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
 Angina
 Arthritis
 Anemia
 Aneurysm

42- .........................................may occur, possibly related to malnutrition, chronic

infections, blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, or as a complication of other
diseases or medicines.
 Hypertension
 Diabetes mellitus
 Obesity
 Anemia

43- ………………… (Hardening of the arteries) is very common. Fatty plaque deposits inside
the blood vessels cause them to narrow and totally block blood vessels
Arteriosclerosis

44- .................are more common with older age

 Hypotension and apnea
 Increased beta adrenergic response
 High blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension
 Increased baroreceptor sensitivity
Unit 8

1- Which of following found in elderly person is a spinal disorder or abnormal curving

of upper back
Kyphosis

2- ……………….is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50

degrees of curvature).
Kyphosis

3- ………………… sideways curve to their spine. The curve is often s-shaped or c-shaped
Scoliosis

4- …………….can be harmful or even fatal in the presence of respiratory disease in older

adults.
 Normal heart valves
 Sinuatrial ( SA ) node automaticity
 Gastric acidity
 Blunted cough reflex

5- Decrease respiratory muscle strength and elasticity in elderly person can lead
to................
Decrease cough reflex and Decrease ciliary action

6- AP diameter increase in elderly person can lead to………..

Airway collapse

7- No change in alveolar oxygen in elderly person can lead to……………

Reduced Compliance

8- Progressive decrease In arterial oxygen in elderly person can lead to………..

Snoring and Sleep apnea

9- Ventilation perfusion mismatch in elderly person can lead to…………

Aspiration

10- 25 ml of decreased VC and 25 ml increased RV in elderly person can lead to……….

infection and bronchospasm with airway obstruction

11- …………………. inflammation and narrowing of the airways causing wheezing,

coughing, shortness of breath, and at times respiratory distress
Asthma
12- …………………….progressive disease that worsens with time. Similar symptoms with
asthma as well as increased respiratory mucus production causing increased cough
and airway irritation
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder)

13- ……………….is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow
from the lungs.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder)

14- ………………….are the two most common conditions that contribute to Chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

15- ………………………changes in arterial pressure in the pulmonary arteries, making it

difficult for the heart to get blood to the lungs to receive oxygen, causing shortness
of breath
Pulmonary hypertension

16- ………………………pauses in the breathing cycle during sleep usually caused by changes
to the respiratory structures of the throat and larynx
Sleep apnea

17- Which of following Common sleep disorder that happened in elderly person the
breathing repeated stop and start during sleep
Sleep apnea

18- Felling tired and sleepy in elderly person is complain of…………

Sleep apnea

19- ………………..inflammatory infection of the lungs that it can be both viral and bacterial
Pneumonia

20- …………….swelling and inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. This
swelling narrows the airways, making it harder to breathe and causing other
symptoms
Bronchitis

21- ………………partial collapse of portions of the lung causing shortness of breath and
impairing oxygen perfusion
Atelectasis

22- Why we can see the older people if there is any foreign body, aspiration, large
amounts of particles like smoke or germs may collect in the lungs and may be hard
to cough up.
Because the nerves in airways that trigger coughing become less sensitive (Blunted
cough reflex)
23- The older adult have week or decrease in their body’s immune response, they are
increased risk of..............
Respiratory infections and diseases.

24- Why elderly have a decreased mobility due to ............

Progressing illness, disease, and advanced aging

25- ..................limits the opportunities of elderly persons to exercise which aids in

strengthening respiratory muscles
 Decreased mobility
 Increased mobility

26- what are the respiratory change can cause sleep disturbances of older adult
Shortness of breath and coughing

27- ……………………Are medications that help relax the muscles of the airways
Bronchodilators

28- …………………Are medications can be reduce inflammation in the airways.

glucocorticosteroids
Unit 9

1- ……………refers to the involuntary leakage of urine which is found in 20 % population

more than 65 years of age.
Urinary retention
Urinary incontinence
Bladder retention
Bladder irrigation

2- which of the following physical changes can occur in urinary bladder of an older
adult
 Capacity of bladder improve
 Capacity of bladder decreased and overflow incontinence

3- in elderly person the Capacity of bladder decrease and late sensation leading
to………….
Overflow incontinence

4- ...............is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

5- which of the fowling can lead to gradual loss of kidney function and will develop to
Chronic kidney disease due to
 High blood pressure and Diabetes mellitus
 hypotension and low blood sugar
Unit 10

1- In elderly person are they risk of decubitus ulcers (bed sore or pressure ulcers) due
to………..
Epidermis loss

2- In an older adult skin loses its elasticity as a part of physiological changes and it
results in:
 Osteoporosis
 Arthritis
 Wrinkles
 Gastritis

3- Skin loses its elasticity in elderly person lead to…………

Wrinkling and sagging of skin

4- Which of following changes can be notes in elderly person of Musculoskeletal

System
Muscle loss and weight loss

5- The term ' Edentulism ' refers to :

 The presence of all natural teeth
 The absence or complete loss of all natural teeth
 A state of confusion and memory loss
 Short term memory loss

6- Which of following is Degenerative Joint Diseases causing disability in elderly person

 Osteoporosis
 Osteoarthritis

7- which of the following can cause disability in older adult

 sagging of skin
 Degenerative Joint Diseases
 poor personal hygiene

8- Because of Degenerative Joint Diseases in elderly person can lead to………….

Disability

9- Which of following is bone loss Diseases and Easy to break in elderly person
 Osteoporosis
 Osteoarthritis
10- ……………..is one of the best ways to slow or prevent problems with the muscles,
joints, and bones , can help you maintain strength, balance, and flexibility, helps the
bones stay strong
Exercise

11- To get good muscle and bone strength It is important to recommend the elderly to
add ................to their eating
Calcium and vitamin D

12- ...........is a common disease of older adults and is a major public health problem
worldwide.
Osteoporosis

13- ……………..is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of
bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures of the hip,
spine, and wrist.
Osteoporosis

14- Why the osteoporosis is a major public health concern?

Because it can lead to disability, mortality, and increased the cost of hip and
vertebral fractures and treatment

15- which of the following diagnostic test can be determined the bone loss
A bone mineral density (BMD) test
Unit 11

1- what is the most common organisms can lead to UTI

Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli)

2- if older adults who use catheters , which bacteria organisms that can causes UTI
Enterococci and Staphylococci bacteria

3- what are the Tips to Reduce or Prevent the Risk of UTIs

Keep the genital area clean and front-to-back wiping and cleaning
1- List 4 Factors Influencing Healthy Aging
 Habits and behaviors
 Aging-related changes
 Genetic factors
 Developing diseases
 Household environment
 Assistive technologies
 Transportation
 Social facilities

2- List 4 Causes of premature aging

 Smoking
 Sun exposure
 Genes
 Lifestyle habits
 Sleep habits
 Diet
 Environment
 Stress

3- List 4 Age Related Physiological Changes in elderly person

 Changes in autonomic functions and cellular homeostasis
 Reduction in organic mass
 Reduction in organic functional reserve

4- List 4 Techniques in Conversation and use of language

 Appropriate speed and tone of talking
 Appropriate questioning
 Give others the chance to talk
 Change topics skillfully
 Use simple and concrete words
 Use short and simple sentences
5- List 4 Tips for Nurses to Effectively Communicate with Elderly
 Start with the Right Body Language
 Exercise Patience
 Show Proper Respect
 Practice Active Listening
 Build Rapport
 Show Sincerity
 Recognize Sensory Challenges
 Ensure Comfort
 Use Plain Language
 Show Empathy

6- List 4 Common safety problems among older adults

 Falls
 Burns
 Poisoning
 Automobile accidents

7- List 4 Common physiologic changes that affect safety

 Altered balance
 Decreased mobility
 Decreased flexibility
 Decreased muscle strength
 Slowed reaction time
 Gait changes
 Difficulty lifting the feet
 Altered sense of balance
 Postural changes

8- List 4 factors that reducing the risk for falls

 Prepare safe surroundings.
 Allow adequate time to complete an activity or task.
 Exercises to improve balance.
 Wear properly fitting footwear - secured shoes.
 Use assistive devices if needed.
 Ask for help when necessary.
 If previously reported fall
9- list 4 factors or healthy habits that can slow down the aging process
 Adequate sleep
 Well balanced meals
 Healthy weight maintenance
 Regular physical activity
 No smoking

10- Why aerobic physical activity should be included in the daily habit of elderly people?
 To improve cardiorespiratory function
 To improve musculoskeletal function
 Reduce the risk of depression
 reduce the risk of cognitive decline

11- List 4 Nursing Interventions to relieve Constipation

 Assess bowel elimination patterns and contributing factors.
 Increase physical activity.
 Increase dietary intake of fiber and fluids.
 Schedule or encourage toileting at times when the person’s defecation urge is
strongest.
 Position the person to facilitate ease of elimination.
 Provide privacy for elimination.
 Administer stool softeners or bulk-forming laxatives as prescribed.
 Administer suppositories or enemas as prescribed if other methods have been
ineffective.

12- list 4 Nursing Interventions to manage Impaired Urinary Elimination

 Assess elimination patterns.
 Assess fluid intake patterns.
 Explain measures that help improve tone of sphincter muscles.
 Modify clothing to facilitate toileting.
 Reduce environmental barriers.
 Answer call signal promptly.

13- Why older adults are very sensitive to drugs / why older adults have to take less
frequent dosage of drugs /what are the absorption changes in older adults
 Decreased cardiac output
 decreases gastrointestinal blood flow and slows absorption
 Decreased gastric emptying time slows
 increases drug interactions
 Decreased gastric acid production
14- what are The older person’s rights as they relate to medication administration
 Right to know what medication they are getting and why
 Right to refuse to take the medication
 Right to privacy during injections or other procedures
 Use of psychotropic drugs as chemical restraints presents a risk to the rights of
older adults.

15- List 4 what are the physiological changes of aging in the heart
 The natural pacemaker loses some of its cells and reduce the heart rate.
 the size of the heart is increase but he amount of blood can be hold decrease
 ECG changes such as Abnormal rhythms
 Deposits of the "aging pigment" lipofuscin. this can damage or degenerate The
heart muscle cells
 heart walls become thicker and more stiffer , the valves stiffness it can cause heart
murmur

16- list 4 Aging changes to the bones and muscles of the chest and spine and lung tissue
 Bones become thinner and change shape, so the ribcage cannot expand and
contract during breathing.
 muscle of diaphragm becomes week, so the air cannot get in and out
 Low oxygen level in body and carbon dioxide cannot be getting out, fatigue and
shortness of breath can result.
 Muscles and tissues lose the ability to keep the airways completely open.
 The air sacs lose their shape and become baggy.

17- List 4 most common pulmonary or respiratory system disorders in older adult
 bronchial asthma
 chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
 pulmonary hypertension
 sleep apnea
 pneumonia
 bronchitis
 atelectasis
18- list 4 Risk factors for urinary tract infection in older adults
 weakened immune system
 Diabetes
 Urine retention
 Use of a urinary catheter
 Bowel incontinence
 Urinary incontinence
 Enlarged prostate
 Immobility
 Surgery of any area around the bladder
 Kidney stones