1. The diagrams below give information on transport and car use in Edmonton.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

ANSWER

The table shows the reason why people in Edmonton use their cars in the city and the pie chart
explains what type of transport people prefer to use most of the time.

Looking at the pie chart first, it is clear that the car is the most popular means of transport in this
city. 45% of the people say that they prefer to commute by car. The second most popular form of
transport is the LRT, while busses and taxis are the main means of transport for the rest of the
people.

The table gives more detailed information about why people use their cars. Surprisingly, 55% of the
people need to commute to work by car. Cars are also used a lot for taking children to school or
business purposes. Only 15% of drivers are doing their shopping and, similarly, 15% need to travel by
car for leisure.

Overall, people in Edmonton make good use of alternative methods of transport but there is a heavy
dependence on cars for work.
 2. The bar chart below gives information about the number of students studying
Computer Science at a UK university between 2010 and 2012.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

ANSWER

The bar chart illustrates the number of male and female students studying Computer Science at a UK
university over three years. It also indicates whether they were home or international students.
Compared to the number of home students, the number of international students was significantly
smaller. Nevertheless, there was clear statistical growth in the latter group from 2010-2012.
Furthermore, the number of female home students eventually overtook the number of males from the
same group, reaching a high of 45 in 2012.

The year 2011 saw the most dramatic developments; the number of male home students fell from just
below 40 to 24 and the number of females rose from 32 to 44. There was also significant growth in the
number of male students from overseas, climbing from 20 in 2010 to 39 in 2012. Overall, we can see
an upward trend in the number of students at the university
 3. The graph below gives information from Annual Energy Outlook 2008 about
consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projection until 2030.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

The graph shows consumption of energy in the U.S. since 1980 with projections through 2030.

The historical trends show Petrol and Oil as the major sources of fuel, rising from 35 quadrillion (35q)
units used in 1980 to 42q in 2012. Despite some fluctuation between 1980 and 1995, there was a
steady increase, which is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.

Consumption of energy from natural gas and coal followed a similar pattern over the period. From 20q
and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels
equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q.
Coal consumption is projected to rise to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, natural gas is forecast to
remain stable at 25q.

In 1980, energy from solar/wind, nuclear, and hydropower was the least-used, with only 4q. Nuclear
has risen by 3q, and solar/wind by 2. Since 2005, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure. It is
expected to remain approximately constant through 2030, while the others are projected to rise
gradually after 2025.

Overall, fossil fuels will remain the chief energy source for the US, with a little bit of hydroelectric,
nuclear and a smidgen of renewables like wind and solar.
 4. The bar chart below gives information about the percentage of the population living in
urban areas in the world and in different continents.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

ANSWER

The bar chart shows the urbanization percentage of the world in 1950 and compares this with the
percentage in 2007 and the projected percentage for 2030.

Between 1950 and 2030, the proportion of the world's population residing in cities is expected todouble,
growing from 29% to 60%. However, this rate is less marked in some continents than others.

For example, 64% of the population of North America was urban in 1950, increasing to 79% by 2007.By
contrast, just 15% of the African population was urban in 1950, but this rose to 37% by 2007. This
represents one of the highest urbanization rates in the world, even though the percentage of Africans in
urban areas is still smaller than the world average.

It is also clear from the graph that, urbanization in Latin America is projected to be higher than Europe in
2030, in spite of being lower in 1950.
 5. The line graph below gives information about the number of visitors to three London museums
between June and September 2013.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The graph shows (show) how many people visited (visit) three London museums in the summer of 2013. Most
visitors went (go) to the British museum between June and September. The numberfluctuated (fluctuate)
between 500 and 750. By contrast, the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum received (receive)
fewer visitors. The number of people who visited the Science Museum dropped (drop) gradually from 400
thousand to 300 from June to August then rose (rise) to 450 thousand in September. We can see (see) that the
trend for the Natural History Museum was(be) similar. There was a sharp drop in visitors from June to July. The
number remained stable(remain stable) in August and then increased (increase) steadily in September.

6. The graph below shows waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011.

Answer

The graph depicts waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011, in both percentage and tons.

Between 1960 and 1970, the percentage of garbage being recycled annually remained relatively steady at just over 6%. It
then rose slightly over the next 15 years to 10.1% in 1985

On the other hand, the amount of garbage being recycled tripled during the same period, from 5.6 million tons in 1960 to
16.7 million tons in 1985. Following this sharp increase, the amount of waste material being recycled has risen significantly
between 1985 and 2011 when it peaked at 86.9 million tons

Similarly, the recycling rate continued to grow sharply from 1985 to 1995, and then at a slower rate over the next 15 years
until it reached a peak of 34.7% in 2011. However, this figure is still disappointing compared to the total amount of waste
being recycled each year.
 7. The table below presents the number of children ever born to women aged 40-44 years
in Australia for each year the information was collected since 1981.

The table shows the number of children born to women aged 40–44 years in Australia in 1981, 1986, 1996 and 2001.

In 1981, women aged 40-44 years were only marginally more likely to have had two children than three children (29% vs
27.4%) or four or more children (27.6%). Similarly, by 1986, women of this age were considerably more likely to have given
birth to two children than three children (35.6% vs 27%) or four or more children (18.9%).

In 1996 and 2006, the proportions of women aged 40-44 years who had given birth to two children were almost identical,
though the proportions who had given birth to three children or to four or more children had decreased. In these more
recent periods, women were more likely to have had two children than three or more children - a trend that was most
marked in the most recent period (38.2% vs 24.6% in 1996; 38.3% vs 21.5% in 2006).

While two-child families now predominate, the number of women who had given birth to only one child increased
progressively from 7.6% in 1981 to 13.2% in 2006.

In 1981, similar proportions of women aged in their early forties were childless or had given birth to only one child (8.5%
and 7.6% respectively). By 2006, 15.9% of women were childless and 13.2% had given birth to only one child.

Overall, by age 40-44 years, the proportion of women who have had three or more children has fallen considerably since
the 1980s, while the proportions who have had no children, or only one or two children has increased.
 8. The graphs below provide information on global population figures and figures for urban populations in
different world regions

The first graph shows the trend in world population growth between 1800 and 2100, while the
second graph gives predicted urban population figures for the next 25 years.

The world population has experienced continuous growth since 1800. Between 1800 and 1950, the
population grew slowly from just under 1 billion to 2.5 billion people. After that, the growth rate
increased and currently the figure is around 6.5 billion. Projections show a continued increase in
population in the near future, but a steady decline in the population growth rate. The global
population is expected to peak at 8.2 billion by 2050, and then decline to around 6.2 billion by 2100.

The predictions also show that almost all urban population growth in the next 25 years will occur in
cities of developing countries. In developed regions, on the other hand, the urban population is
expected to remain unchanged at about 1.3 billion people over the next two decades.

The graphs show that the global population increase will not occur evenly throughout the world, but
will be greater in some areas than others.
 9. The pie charts below give information about world population in 1900 and 2000

The pie charts illustrate changes in the population of different areas of the world between 1900 and 2000. The major
regions are represented as percentages of the total world population.

From 1900 to 2000, the percentage of people living in Africa more than doubled from 4.5% to 10%, while Latin America’s
proportion almost tripled in the same period. On the other hand, the percentage of population in Europe and Asia
decreased over the last century. Europe’s percentage dropped from 25% to 14%, while Asia declined from 60% to 54%.
North America’s percentage however, remained constant at 5% in 1900 and 2000. The Middle East and North Africa, a new
category in 2000, represented 6% of world population.

Overall, this represents a huge increase in the number of humans on the planet, from 1.6 billion to 6 billion in just one
century. Most of this population growth has occurred in developing countries.
The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey. The pie
chart shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.

Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

model answer 1:

The bar chart shows the estimated sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey next year.

It is anticipated that purchases of jeans at Mango Co. will rise from 150,000 pairs in January to approximately 500,000 pairs in
August, and will remain there until November. For December, sales are expected to be in the region of 600,000 pairs.

Meanwhile, it is estimated that the sales of jeans for Jack & Jones Co. will begin the year at around 450,000 pairs in January,
falling to about 250,000, before increasing to around 400,000 in June. For the next two months until August, sales are forecast
to remain steady at this level, after which they are expected to rise steadily to hit a peak of approximately 900,000 pairs in
December.

The pie chart shows that, at the end of next year, the anticipated market share for Mango Co. and Jack & Jones Co. is 20%
and 30% respectively.

As can be seen from the chart, the overall sales trends for both companies are forecast to be upwards.

(178 words)model nswer 2:

The bar chart shows the predicted sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey; Mango Co. and Jack &
Jones Co. for next year.

The most striking feature is that sales will increase for both companies, It is anticipated that sales of Jack & Jones Co. will start
at 450,000 pairs in January decreasing by 200,000 pairs following month with a gradual recover over the subsequent four
months reaching 400,000 pairs in June. Those of Jack & Jones Co. are predicted to be stable until August peaking up to
600,000 pairs in September and October. 

Sales of Jack & Jones will reach a peak of 900,000 in December, For those of Mango Co. is forecasted a gradual increase with
the largest sale of 600,000 pairs in December. In the beginning of the next year those of Mango Co. will stand at 150,000 pairs
falling back to 100,000 pairs in February, rising steadily to 250,000 in June, In subsequent months sales will reach 450,000
pairs increasing to 500,000 pairs in August, staying stable until November,

Regarding the pie chart the sales of Jack & Jones Co. will share 30% of market whereas those of Mango Co. 20%. 50% of
market is set to be shared by other companies. (211 words)
Some people think women should be allowed to join the army, the navy and the air force just like
men. 

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Whether women should be allowed to serve in the military has triggered spirited debate. Some assert that
the status quo should be changed and women should be entitled to join the armed forces. Personally, I
fundamentally agree with their assertion-for three reasons.

History has shown that women are fully capable of performing well in the military. Historically, there were a
host of valiant women soldiers whose achievements really put their male counterparts to shame. One need
only look at the classic examples of Joan of Arc and Mulan to see how exceptionally women could perform
on the battlefield. In my observation, their determination, courage and dignity, to this day, are still being
admired by male soldiers and civilians alike throughout the world.

Moreover, from an enlightened standpoint, female patriots should be granted the right to go to the front line
when their motherland is involved in a war. Admittedly, gender inequality was a highly controversial issue in
the twentieth century. However, now twelve years into the new millennium, women can learn and teach,
work and supervise, vote and voted in most countries just like men. In light of this sweeping progress in
gender equality, there is no sense in denying them the right to defend their home country when a war
breaks out.

In sum, keeping military services out of bounds of women in the information age is unwarranted. I have
been convinced that it is in the best interest of a nation if women are also granted equal rights in this
particular arena. (254)

Is freedom of speech necessary in a free society?

In the last decade, there has been considerable debate over the role of free speech in a free society. Some
object to absolute freedom of speech. Others advocate free speech, arguing that the freedom of speech is
the single most important political right of citiz ens in a civilized society. Whilst I believe that there are
strong arguments on both sides, I would suggest that freedom of speech should be protected in all but
extreme circumstances.

The freedom of speech is important at all levels in a society. Yet it is most important for the governments. A
government which does not know what the people feel and think is in a dangerous position. This is how the
communist regimes of Eastern Europe were toppled in the 1980s. The same is happening again in other
regions of the world today. The governments that muzzle free speech run a risk of pushing their people to
behave destructively or to rebel. 

Furthermore, without free speech no political action is possible and no resistance to injustice and
oppression is possible. Without free speech elections would have no meaning at all. Policies of contestants
become known to the public and become responsive to public opinion only by virtue of free speech.
Between elections the freely expressed opinions of citizens help restrain oppressive rule. Without this
freedom it is futile to expect political freedom or consequently economic freedom.

In conclusion, I believe that the importance of free speech as a basic and valuable characteristic of a free
society cannot be underestimated. It may be challenging for society to allow differences of opinion out into
the open; however, the consequences of restricting free speech are likely to be more damaging in the
longer term. (285)
People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences,
career preparation, increased knowledge).

Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. I believe that the three most common
reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences, and to increase their knowledge of
themselves and the world around them.

Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary
reason to go to college. They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill
for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, that are
expected to need a large workforce in the coming years.

Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the
opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is
the first time they’ve been away from home by themselves. In additions, this is the first time they’ve had to
make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves.

Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in
subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about
something that doesn’t relate to their career.

I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. They should go to college to have new
experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in. (243)

Nowadays many students have the opportunity to study for part or all of their courses in foreign
countries.
While studying abroad brings many benefits to individual students, it also has a number of
disadvantages

In recent years there has been a vast increase in the number of students choosing to study abroad. This is
partly because people are more affluent and partly due to the variety of grants and scholarships which are
available for overseas students nowadays. Although foreign study is not something which every student would
choose, it is an attractive option for many people.

Studying overseas has a number of advantages. Firstly/For example, it may give students access to
knowledge and facilities such as laboratories and libraries which are not available in their home
country.Furthermore/Moreover/What is more/Secondly, by looking abroad students may find a wider range
of courses than those offered in their country’s universities, and therefore one which fits more closely to their
particular requirements. 

on the other hand, studying abroad has a number of drawbacks. These may be divided into personal and
professional. Firstly students have to leave their family and friends for a long
period.Furthermore/Moreover/What is more/Secondly studying abroad is almost always more expensive
that studying in one’s local university. Finally/Furthermore/Moreover/What is more, students often have to
study in a foreign language, which may limit their performance and mean they do not attain their true level.

In my opinion/On the other hand, however, the disadvantages of studying abroad are usually temporary in
nature. Students who study abroad generally become proficient in the language quite soon and they are only
away from their family and friends for a year or two. Furthermore/What is more, many of the benefits last
students all their lives and make them highly desirable to prospective employers.
Machine translation (MT) is slower and less accurate than human translation and there is no
immediate or predictable likelihood of machines taking over this role from humans.

It is true that there have been great advances in technology over the last forty years. For example / For
instance the use of mobile phones and e-mail communication are common these days. However,
machines that translate from one language to another are still in their early stages.

It seems to me that a machine could never do as good a job as a human, especially when it comes to

In order to understand what people are saying, you need to take into account the relationship between the
speakers and their situation. A machine cannot tell the difference between the English expression “Look
out!” meaning “Be careful!” and “Look out!” meaning “Put your head out of the window”. You need a human
being to interpret the situation. 

Similarly with written language, it is difficult for a machine to know how to translate accurately becausewe
rarely translate every word. On the contrary, we try to take into consideration how the idea would be
expressed in the other language. This is hard to do because every language has its own way of doing and
saying things.

For these reasons I feel that it is most unlikely that machines will take the place of humans in the field of
translating and interpreting. If machines ever learn to think, perhaps then they will be in a position to take
on this role. 

Some people feel that certain workers like nurses, doctors and teachers are undervalued and
should be paid more, especially when other people like film actors or company bosses are paid
huge sums of money that are out of proportion to the importance of the work that they do.

-How far do you agree?

Nobody can deny that there are certain professionals like nurses, doctors and teachers who are essential
to the fabric of society, and who should therefore be rewarded accordingly. However, this is seldom the
case. When we look at the salaries and fees commanded by certain film stars and actresses and people
who run large companies, this does not seem fair.

First of all, not all film stars earn huge sums of money. In fact, at any one time in the UK, for example,
roughly 80 per cent of actors are out of work and on top of that the number who are paid so-called
‘telephone number fees’ is even smaller. One must also remember that the career of many actors is very
short and that therefore the money they earn has to be spread over many years. The same applies to
company bosses.

Stating a set of criteria as to how much people should be paid is not easy. The idea of performance-related
pay is very much in vogue at the moment. Rewarding people according to qualifications has long been
used as a yardstick for paying people, but it is not a consistently good measure. Another is years of
relevant experience, but there are many cases where a younger person can perform a task better than
someone with lots of experience.

Whatever criteria are used to assess salaries, an on-going cycle will develop. This will create pressure in
other areas. This considered, generally I feel that certain key professionals should have their salaries
assessed by independent review bodies on an on-going basis so that they do not fall behind.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have
supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can
be very important teachers in our lives; however, they are not always the best teachers

Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children though the
eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a child’s freedom in the name of safety. A teacher might see a
trip to a big city as a valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent.

Another problem is that parents may expect their children’s interests to be similar to their own. They can’t seem
to separate from their children in their mind. If they love science, they may try to force their child to love science
too. But what if their child’s true love is art, or writing, or car repair?

Parents are usually eager to pass on their value to their children. But should children always believe what their
parents do? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe
that their parents are always rights. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes
parents, especially older ones, can’t keep up with rapid social or technology changes. A student who has friends
of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that her parents don’t really understand or value the
digital revolution. Sometimes kids have to find their own ways to what they believe in.

The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our
teachers teach us, and our peers teach us. Books and newspapers and television also teach us. All of them are
valuable

Do you agree or disagree ,Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their
children. Many children suffer because they do not get as much attention from their parents as
children did in the past.

People who ARGUE that nowadays parents give less attention to their children than in the past are
FREQUENTLY looking back to a BRIEF period of time in the twentieth century when MOTHERS in middle-class
families REMAINED at home to look after their children. What these people are SUGGESTING is that women
nowadays should not go out to work.

THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS THAT in THE MAJORITY OF families in the past both parents worked MUCH
LONGER HOURS than they do nowadays. What has changed is that now in most countries their children
ATTEND school rather than also working themselves. In that sense they may HAVE LESS CONTACT WITH their
parents.

Nowadays, as a result of ACQUIRING AN EDUCATION, children come into contact with teachers who
NATURALLY have to explain why some of their students are failing. What teachers come up with are
FREQUENT stories of parents who are SIMPLY too busy for their CHILDREN. And IF CHILDREN ARE NOT
SUPERVISED BY THEIR PARENTS, they will often UNDERPERFORM at school. However, ACADEMIC
FAILURE is nothing new even when one or both parents are at home. If children ARE NEGLECTED by their
parents, they will suffer.

I guess children probably had more problems in the past when they and their parents had to work non-stop just to
get by. These days, the law looks after children and they can go to school, so children have lots more chances
than they ever had before.

In my opinion, children probably suffered more in the past when the whole family was obliged to work long hours
just to survive. Nowadays children are protected by the law. Moreover access to education means that they have
greater opportunities than ever before.