n

CLASS NAME : Vectors L1

TOPICS COVERED: Vectors, vector addition

Taken by : Jitin Gupta

IIT Delhi (AIR 1358)
Senior Faculty at Vidyamandir Classes

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Misc exercise
 vectors
magnitude 1- direction
→

C-
g.
Force , velocity ,
displacements

graphically : ⑦ points to the direction

€ .

10N north ^ 5N South

N
→
if > e- u

Mathematical representation : a ,a→ a- ,

magnitude of
a-
I a- I → vector

a-
na → unit vector in the direction
of
unit vector ? vector with
magnitude I

used to direction
oeprcseur

I =
Tal ^a

5N towards east
Eg .

É east direction
unit vector
along
=

f- =
5N É

4-
 Parallel vectors a- and 5 are
parallel
2=5

if I = - § vector pointing in
opp
. direction

vector are anti -

parallel

a- I
Eg .

g
E- is <

2=-5
>
j >
z

equal and
only if
:
Equal vectors a- and I are
if

d) Tal -- 151 ( i ;)
2=5
Opposite vectors a- and I are
opposite if :

I ) let 151 Iii ) £ I

( = -
=

a-
>

:
✗

with vectors
Mathematical operations

① with scalar
Multiplication a

scalar ✗ vector = vector

case a) K > 0 then 151--1<121 and 5 = E

To = KI
case b) k< 0 then / b- 1=1141-4 and I = - a^
Case c) 1<=0 then I = -0 ( null vector]
 K =-3
I west
Eg .
=
5N
along

I east
=
KI = 15N along

② addition
vector
( totally different from scalar

addition ]

7N along north
5+7 = 12 5N
along east +

=/ 12N

^^
Eg .

7h4m
5M

•→
g g
3m
w E
v

s
 addition
Triangle law
of vector
① head
I = a- + b- ( E is the resultant ) tail

with the head

① Join tail the vectors
the
of one
of
of the other

tail second vector and

② A vector starting from of the

the resultant
head of the first is .

ending as

^5 c-
77
^ >
7
> I
-

,
c-
a
a-
 vectors
b/w
Angle
two

two vectors
to find angle b/w , join
a- , b-
> their tails .

b/w the two is

The smaller angle
b-
7 the angle b/w the voters

TO > a-

Eg
§
.
I
I and I
'

150
> L b/w =

30
'

( 7
'

150

I
e
 and of resultant
of
Determination direction
magnitude

b/w a- and I
I = a- +5 151,151 and angle
-

is known
I
d
79 .

c-
It I -_
PQ

V 151=0 R
'

r
Tak PR
p > .
,

s
R
I

Po=É+s
-

Rs =
arioso
Pd =
'
(prt.RS/
-
=
bcoso + ( as )

as = Orsino
Pa
-

as
c=
)2 ( bsino )
=
"
= b Sind @+ base +
 <
a2 + btdcoszotzabcoso 5s O
=
+

C e
#
b- a2 1- + Lab Loso } memorize

I tend =
IS ds
tr .

g
Ps PR + Rs

72 r
p > .
land = OR Sino
s
a- R
PR + arioso

land =
bsinO_
at basso
 that resultant makes with a-
✗ =
angle

( ) }
"
= tan bsino
memorize
at bcoso

with _b
13 =
angle that resultant makes

-1 a Sino
= tan
btacoso

II 1=5 II /
'

Eg .
=3 0 = 120

find and I
resultant
of
-a

Ñ= I 1- To → R
32+2×5×3
=

52 + ✗ Cos 120
'
 R =
25=9+30×(-1-2) Cos 1W
'

= cos 1180 - 60
'

cos 60
-1-2
'

= -
=

= 19

tan
( )
"
a- 3 sin 120
✗ =
angle with =

5+3 cos 120

%
(
"
tan
)
=
3✗ "

(F)
.
1- n

5-
3/2

(
"
with I
angle
) ( )
5 sin →
tan
13 no
.

= =
= ↳ "
srs
3
-

wsno
.

+ s
 addition
Special cases
of vector

1) Adding parallel or antiparallel vectors

a) parallel →
0=0 a-
'

>

>
5
Ñ= a- +5 R = atb a- b-
s s

Ñ = an 5 >
pi
=

parallel 0
'

b) Anti 180
=

a-
>

d) R = a -

b and Ñ=a^ < <

£ is
if lñl > Tbl
tal = a
Iii ) R= b- a and É = 5

it 151 > tail

vectors
2) Adding perpendicular
:

in
>
Ñ
j
R =
a
'
t b-
✗
> a- ) >

a-

" b
tan
✗ =
angle with E =

with is tan "

F- angle g-
=
=
 into their components
Resolving vectors

Y
n
n a
i^ = unit rector 11 to ✗ anis

j
b-
j = unit vector 11 to Yanis
>
< > a-
z

>
I =
3 ?
✗

a
i _b= -29 21-9 )
/
>

y
=

c- c- =
25
V
d- = -

3J =
3L -

J)
 ✗ Y

if I 7 we want to
express
I

I 7
as a combination vectors
^
a-
y and Yanis
10 s parallel to ✗
>
a- n
→
i ✗

Sino
case ay
=

an
a
= a

a- = a- at a-
y
= acosoih + asino j^
I = acoso i^ + a Sino § ( where 0 is the L that

in
-

✗
Y component I makes with tire ✗ anis
)
component
-

-
 5 7

Eg .
n

? "
"

-1 ?_? -a= +
-
acoso
asinoy
5 >
a-

'D
s-cos37.in/-5sin3ij------g
132
)
=

? +5×3--5
=5✗¥
=
4 ? +3J As

a) ^Y
at b) MY
TX
r 2
c)
÷ → ✗
-

✗
5 37°
'
-

30

v
10
✓
 a)
a-
n
,
I =
2 cos> O'
(F) + zsin30.ly? )
r 2

HE = -

Jst +
IT
✗

MY
b) b- = 5sin30.tt/t5los3i(-J )
→ ✗
= -
2 '

5 T -

2.553J Am
"

5
-

30 30
.

I g
¥ 5- '
cos> o

40 u

55in -30
'
"
F)
MY

J)
y ✗ I = locos 37° 1- '

+ tosin 37
l -

c)
ti ) J
-
10 ✗
Is + to ✗
¥ l -

:-c
e
37
= -8 F -

6j^ As
' °

gv
 addition
component form
Vector in

I =
an ? +
ay I _R= I +5

but j^ ( an ? Ibni + by ;^)

ay F)
To = +
by
=
+ +

( an )? I
=
+ bn
+ lay 1-
by )

R
Lant bapt lay 1- by )2
=

( by
"

)
✗ with ✗ am's 1- ay 1-
angle
= n
=

Ant bn
In general TR a-
=

,
+ I + - - -
-

tan

Ñ= Rx T + Ry j^
Rx Sum the ✗ aint aznt tanx
of all
components
- -
-

= =

Ry = sum
of all the Y
components
=
9
, y +
azyt -
- -

tarry

R 2
R×2
=

+ Ry

( RI )
'
tan
-

with ✗ anis
angle
=
✗ =
 General to add
way multiple vectors

yr
① Choose convenient ordinate
RT
a
7 co -

,
I system (
you have to
> such that

^g a-
Tesol ve minimum number

of vectors ]

To =
b F ② Now resolve all the vector along
I =
c
§ the chosen coordinate system .

a- 30 it asinritj ) Rx
③
= a cos
art ✗
Sum
of
=

component

? RY ✗ components
fsaz § Sum
of all
=

az
= -
 pi
._-a+-b+i=( Eat b) i
-14 E)I -

R=
( Eat 4-
b) (
•

E)
c-

( Eats ) 42
-1 c-
with ✗ anis tan
✗
angle
=
=
 ^
Eg a) Tt
I
§
'

.
=
to cos -30 lo sin 30 .

10

a- > I = -

5sin37 'T -

5cos3ij^
'

130
1--5=(55-3)%+15
>
E-
- a-
-

a) I
Ts -
37° =
(55 -

3) in + §
5 ✓

" ?
b) u >
+
a- =3
,
b- =
4J
r £
3
To ,
I 'T scoszuij
\

= ssinzo
-

^
-1--3 ?
'

2-510^-2.553 I
.

/ 60
=
-

e-
Yo .

✓
g
ñ= a- + is -1€ =
o -

59+14-2-553 )j•^
R= (0.572+14 -2.5ps)
'
 If a line makes an angle of 0 with the horizontal

fur to it makes an
angle of 0 with the
-

then the line

vertical .

r
Po
Tao -0
→

o
Getting the original vector
from its components

a- =
am i +
ay j^ a-
7h

12 My
>
,
an
A = and +
ay
2

May
-

✗ = ten
I I
an

# I
Eg - I =3 ? -

4J I = -

39+4 j^
IT 1--15 / =
32+42 = 5

a =
angle that a- makes with ✗ am's = tart
( -45 )

that To makes with ✗ anis -

.
ten -1
( Ig )
P =
angle

Is =
tan '
f-Is)
@ .

s
a-
 0 with
angle ✗ anis tant
-
=

0 1st quadrant
lies in
if ay > o and an > 0

lies 2nd and

0 in
if ay an < O
"
> o

3rd and an LO
if
< o
O lies in
u
ay
and an > 0
0 lies in
4th "
if ayano

Eg 3T 4j^
'

(-4-3)
a=
0 ton -1 53° 3600--530
.

=
-

= -
or

-
53
-

or 30070

b- =
-
sit 4J D= tail
(-4-3) =
1800-55 = 127°
 Parallelogram law
of vector addition

Ñ a- +5 ① tail and
=

join the
of both vectors

I
^5 complete the
parallelogram
>

② A vector starting from the common tail

and
ending at the
opposite valen is

a
T.AM the resultant
b-

a-
 Polygon law
of vector addition

_R= a- ,
+
ai t -
- -

tan

make a Chain
of all the vector by joining head of

with the tail other Then the resultant

one
of .

the
'
is the vector starting from tail
of
(
C n
head the last
r first vector and
ending at
of
^
Ñ vector in the chain
>
 Ian
I =
Ta .
+ a-stars tan
+ as

ñ¥
"

M
I É
g.
Ez
→

9- ,
Maximum and minimum
magnitude of
resultant

R =
FEO
in

by varying 0 we can vary R

R man when lose 21 or O = O

'

or I and I are

parallel .

Rman = at b
 Ruin when cost = -1 or 0 =
180 .

or

I
I and are
antiparallel to each other

Ruin
=/ lil -

151
/ or
/ a -
b
/

Ruin £ R E Rman

Ital -151 I R I / a-
I +151

Alternatively
7 IÑ / I loiltlb / or a tb
I
b-
>
RI Z Ital -151 / or
/ a -

bl
a-
Eg -

151 = 4 151--2 ,
which one of the following
and I
values cannot be the resultant
of -a

A) I
B) 2
C) D)
3 4
E) 5
F) 8

Ñ =
2+5 Rman = 4+2=6

Ruin = 4- 2 = 2

Ronin -< Rahman 2 ER -46

A F the resultant of b-
of
cannot I
represent
a-
,
G- III = 4 and 151=2 Ñ = a- +5

1ps / =
y

find angle btw I and b-

Rf= # be 1- Zeb cos 0

- b2= Lab cone =D Cos 0 =

¥ =

-¥ys =

-1g

( ÷)
o= -1
cos

(f)
'
=
Iso -

ios
£9 . 121=4 151--2 and let =
B

TR = a- + To + c- . find Rman and Rmin

Rman = at btc =
4+2+1 =
7

Ruin = 4- (2+1) = 1

Same question in exam .

Three forces of magnitude 4N

,
2N and in act on

object
of 2kg the
following accelerations
an

y
mass .
which

is not lpossible for the

object fman
35mg
= 7N Aman =

A) 0.5
D) 2-5
c) 3-5
D✓) 4 fm.no IN 9min =
0-5%2
Statics → tension
,
gravitation ,
normal reaction
, pulley ,

newton 's
first law .

DTS
level
of
l and 2 level and 2
-
-

-
i
Doutt cost
(-1-2) =
Iso
-
-

cost
I
2 = 180 '

Go
'

-
= 120 '

s
R= 2
>

2
g 0
R2
2
and + ↳ + Zab Los
=

Loso
2/2=22/1-22 + 2×2×2

r
Cosa = -

iz o = lost
(-1-2)
÷
- - -
-
-

'

2
Costa
-

z n = Iso -

\
7
the
-

>
4 2,3
=

2
'

1W ,