Name The 4 RRC Connected Modes (States) and Describe The Characteristics of Each

Here is the solution.
RSSI is Rx level before descrembling. It’s just RxLev of UARFCN.
CPICH_RSCP is Rx level after descrembling.
CPICH_Ec/No is result of filtering after dechanalization.
In dBm is: RSCP=RSSI+EcNo
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Name the 4 RRC Connected Modes (states) and describe

the characteristics of each.
Cell-DCH: UE has been allocated a dedicated physical channel in
uplink and downlink.
Cell-FACH: UE listens to RACH channel (DL) and is allocated a FACH

channel (UL). Small amounts of UL/DL data can be transfers in this state.
The RNC tracks the UE down to the cell level and cell reselections are
possible with the CELL UPDATE message.
Cell-PCH: UE monitors (using discontinuous reception) a PCH channel

(PCH) indicated by the PICH channel. The RNC tracks the UE down to the
cell level and cell reselections are possible with the CELL UPDATE message.
No data can be transferred in the UL in this state.
URA-PCH: UE monitors (using discontinuous reception) a PCH channel

(PCH) indicated by the PICH channel. The RNC tracks the UE down to the
URA lev
Explain Ec/Io and RSCP; on what channel are they

measured on?

Question: Explain Ec/Io and RSCP; on what channel are they measured on?
Answer: Ec/Io = energy of carrier over all noise. RSCP = Receive Signal Code Power.
In FDD mode (what we normally deal with) they are measured on the CPICH (pilot).
Bonus if they know that Io is the sum of all interference: thermal/bg noise + interferers
+ own cell and is wideband. Bonus if they understand that RSCP is actually measured
AFTER despreading (i.e. narrowband)
What does channelization codes do and function?

Question: What does channelization codes do and function?
Answer: Channelization codes are used for spreading and despreading of the signals, they
also create the "channels" making it possible to distinguish between
users/connections/channels. Bonus if they know that they have an associated Spreading
Factor and are allocated depending on the bandwidth required by the service.
What is compressed mode, what is it's function, and what

impact does it have on the network?
Compressed mode is when the mobile goes into a slotted transmit mode
whereby it opens up an idle period (transmission gap) where it can monitor
another carrier or technology (GSM). The impact is that to maintain the
same bit rate, it halves the SF, and therefore increases power level causing
higher interference to the network. If the SF cannot be halved then the bit
rate of the bearer decreases. If they seem knowledgably, ask them if they
know what messages and events trigger and configure compressed mode
on/off. 2D event for on, 2F for off. Messages would for configuration
would be RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION, TRANSPORT CHANNEL
RECONFIGFURATION or PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION.
In pre-launch optimization, how are missing neighbors
usually detected?
Usually you use a scanner and compare the best pilots in Ec/Io from the
scanner against that of the active set and monitored set from an active UE.
If there is a stronger pilot from a nearby cell that appears on the scanner
but not on the UE, there is a possible missing neighbor. One would then
verify that the neighbor appears in defined neighbor list from the OSS.
Explain the concept of a Monte Carlo Simulation for UMTS

Design
This is a simulator that randomly distributes terminals/users geographically
onto the network and then checks the link budget for each
terminal/connection to see if they can successfully connect or not. The
simulator modifies parameters such has UE Tx Power, BTS Tx Power,
requested bearer (in the case that multiple bearers could support the same
service) when checking if a connection can be made. In every snapshot the
simulator runs through the list of terminals/connections and attempts to
make them all connect successfully, it starts a new snapshot when the
number of successful connections converges. The process then starts on a
new snapshot.
In what cases is Open Loop Power Control used?

This is a simulator that randomly distributes terminals/users geographically
onto the network and then checks the link budget for each
terminal/connection to see if they can successfully connect or not. The
simulator modifies parameters such has UE Tx Power, BTS Tx Power,
requested bearer (in the case that multiple bearers could support the same
service) when checking if a connection can be made. In every snapshot the
simulator runs through the list of terminals/connections and attempts to
make them all connect successfully, it starts a new snapshot when the
number of successful connections converges. The process then starts on a
new snapshot.
What is the relation link between RXQUAL& FER?

Q: What is the relation link between RXQUAL& FER?
Ans: The relation of downlink FER and RXQUAL was measured during a FH trial. The
relation is clearly different in the hopping case compared to the non-hopping case. The
distributions of FER in each RXQUAL class are presented in Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2. One
clear observation can be made; in the non-hopping case there are significant amount of
samples indicating deteriorated quality (FER>10%) in RXQUAL class 5 while in the hopping
case the significant quality deterioration (FER>10%) happens in RXQUAL class 6. Thus, it
may be concluded that in the frequency hopping networks significant quality deterioration
starts at RXQUAL class 6 while in non-hopping network this happens at RXQUAL class 5.
This improvement of FER means that the higher RXQUAL values may be allowed in a
frequency hopping network. RXQUAL thresholds are used in the handover and power
control decisions. Because of the improvement in the relative reception performance on the
RXQUAL classes 4-6, the RXQUAL thresholds affecting handover and power control
decisions should be set higher in a network using frequency hopping network. In a
frequency hopping network RXQUAL classes 0-5 are indicating good quality.
Typically, the share of the RXQUAL classes 6 and 7 may increase after FH is

switched on, even if no other changes have been made. This may seem to be surprising
since it is expected that frequency hopping improves the network quality. However, in most
cases the quality is actually improved, but the improvement is more visible in the call
success ratio. The improved tolerance against interference and low field strength in FH
network means that it is less likely that the decoding of SACCH frames fails causing
increment in the radio link timeout counter. Thus, it is less likely that a call is
dropped because of the radio link timeout. Instead, the calls generating high RXQUAL
samples tend to stay on. This may lead to increase in the share of RXQUAL 6-7. However,
at the same time the call success rate is significantly improved.
In the Figure 7-3, there are presented some trial results of a DL RXQUAL distribution with
different frequency allocation reuse patterns. As can be seen from the figures, the tighter
the reuse becomes, the less samples fall in quality class 0 and more samples fall in quality
classes 1-6. There’s bigger difference in downlink than in uplink direction.
This difference is a consequence of interference and frequency diversities that affect the
frequency hopping network. Because of these effects, the interference or low signal
strength tend to occur randomly, while in a non-hopping network it is probable that
interference or low field strength will affect several consecutive bursts making it harder for
the error correction to actually correct errors. The successful error correction leads to less
erased frames and thus improves the FER.

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Here is the solution.

RSSI is Rx level before descrembling. It’s just RxLev of UARFCN.

CPICH_RSCP is Rx level after descrembling.

CPICH_Ec/No is result of filtering after dechanalization.

If I am wrong than Discuss it here……

Small Steps to Helping Friends…..Keep Reading

If you are interested to write this type of article than write to us telecomfunda@gmail.com

Name the 4 RRC Connected Modes (states) and describe

uplink and downlink.

Cell-FACH: UE listens to RACH channel (DL) and is allocated a FACH

Cell-PCH: UE monitors (using discontinuous reception) a PCH channel

URA-PCH: UE monitors (using discontinuous reception) a PCH channel

Explain Ec/Io and RSCP; on what channel are they

What does channelization codes do and function?

What is compressed mode, what is it's function, and what

Explain the concept of a Monte Carlo Simulation for UMTS

In what cases is Open Loop Power Control used?

What is the relation link between RXQUAL& FER?

Typically, the share of the RXQUAL classes 6 and 7 may increase after FH is

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