Grade 8 EMS Accounting Booklet 2020: NAME: - CLASS: 8
Grade 8 EMS Accounting Booklet 2020: NAME: - CLASS: 8
Grade 8 EMS Accounting Booklet 2020: NAME: - CLASS: 8
GRADE 8
EMS
ACCOUNTING
BOOKLET
2020
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INDEX: PAGE
1. NOTES:
Definitions 2
Accounting Cycle 3
Transaction 3
Source Document 3
Journals 5
Cash Receipts Journal 6
Cash Payments Journal1 7
General Ledger 9
Trial Balance 14
2. SECTION A:
Exercise 1- SOURCE DOCUMENT, JOURNAL, DEBIT, CREDIT, A=O+L 18
Exercise 2- SOURCE DOCUMENT, JOURNAL, DEBIT, CREDIT, A=O+L 19
Exercise 3- CRJ AND CPJ 20
Exercise 4- CRJ AND CPJ 22
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NOTES:
DEFINITION:
Assets: are items owned by the business which have value and could be converted into
Cash and has lasting value. What the business OWNS. A= O+L
Two types of assets:
Non-Current/ Long term assets- generate income for long time longer than a
year. Example: A vehicle [business car, Land and Buildings, Equipment].
Owner’s Equity: Total investment the owner has in the business. Money has to be paid
back to the owner.
All income and expenses are classified as Owners’ Equity which affects the PROFIT as the
profit increase the worth of the owner. O = A – L
A (Business Owns) – L (Business Owes) = O (Owner’s worth. )
Liabilities: debts amount owing to other people or businesses. Not always bad as you
Business can borrow money by mean of a Loan to buy a delivery vehicle which
generates income for your business or buy more modern machinery or buy stock on
credit but sell stock for cash.
Two types of Liabilities: Current- must be paid back within a year.
Example: Truworths account, bank overdraft, trading creditor.
Transactions: actions of monetary nature, recorded in the business’s books, each which
has an effect on A and/or O and/or L. (increasing or decreasing it)
Income: Money received immediately or over a period of time from Services Rendered
or Sales or Rent.
Expenses: Money paid out immediately or over a period of time for items that do not
have a lasting value and/or not owned by the business.
Payments: all money paid out from the business’ bank account
Savings Account: funds kept aside/invested to earn interest
Current Account: Account from which the daily Bank transactions are done
Cash Flow: available funds for a business to meet its obligations. Inflow > Outflow.
Accounting Equation: assets= owners’ equity + Liabilities
A= OE +L
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Accounting Cycle
1.
Transactions
[ANAYLSIS IT]
6. Financial 2. Source
Statements Document
[ANAYLSIS IT] [IDENTIFY]
5. Trial Balance
3. Make
Journal Entries
[RECORD]
4. Post Journal
Entries To [IDENTIFY]
Ledger
[IDENTIFY]
TRANSACTIONS
- Business deal / story [ understand the story]
- Must detect which journal each transaction will be entered in.
- Important to have the most accurate information.
- 2 interested parties: a buyer [consumer] and a seller [producer]. Exchange
between 2 parties.
Example: Grade 8 Boy goes to The Heart at break time to buy a chocolate. He
gets a chocolate, and he pays R10 to The Heart for the chocolate that he
receives.
- If business sells a produce or provides a service to a customer– transaction is
recorded.
- If paid immediately – cash transaction
- Cash transaction are recorded in the Cash Receipt Journal
- If payment will happen at a later date – Credit transaction
- Credit Sales transactions are recorded in the Debtors Journal
- Transaction involve money – going in and out of a business
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SOURCE DOCUMENTS
Cheque counterfoil
Cheques -cash paid
Cash Invoices
Proof of EFT payments
-money received or paid
Bank statements directly or using internet
banking
Important information on source documents
Date of transaction
Source document number
People/ businesses involve in the transaction
Amount involved
File source documents for safe keeping for +- 5years
Reasons for filing:
Customers query amounts charged or goods/ services sold
Suppliers query amounts paid
Errors been made in processing transaction
Look at your textbook page 60 and 61 how receipt would be filled out. Ask your parents
for slips or receipts they don’t
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JOURNALS
The next stage if you look back page 3 [ The Accounting Cycle] is for the source
document to be recorded in the subsidiary journals of the business.
Journals are referred to as an original entry.
Journals are entered in on a DAILY BASIS/EVERY DAY.
Different source documents are entered into different journals.
You have to understand the transaction as well as what happened with the
source document. Why was that source document issued?
At the end of each month the journals totals are made at the bottom of each
column ?
All journals get posted to the ledgers at the end of the month.
CRJ and CPJ.
When you post the total columns in the journal to the General Ledger you will write
the General Ledger reference under the total of each of the columns. Ex: N1 for
Services Rendered or Current Income column. Record the General Ledger
reference in the FOL column if the entry is recorded in the Sundry Column.
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In grade 8 we ONLY have businesses that are Service businesses.
Definition: Service business- earns its income from providing services. The customer
pays for the services that are involves somebody’s time, skills and knowledge.
Service business are relatively easy and inexpensive to set up
Definition: Trading business- earns its income from selling products. A trader buys
stock, adds a mark-up and sells stock to customers.
Current Income or Services Rendered. Service business may also sell products to
their customers.
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Cash Receipts Journal [CRJ]
1. Know who’s books you are doing, what’s the business and what month are you
entering. Is it a service business? Always put a heading which includes this
information
2. In every transaction find the trigger words.
[ trigger word would help you determine which journal import it into.]
e.g. received cash/ cheque, issued original receipt/cash slip OR Issued
a. cheque, received a receipt/invoice, paid cheque or bought.
3. Money come in.
4. Updated daily
5. Cash Receipts Journals summaries all business receipts and cash slips issued
6. Cash journals provide an effective way of comparing business records of cash
transactions with what appears on bank statements [b/s]
7. Which TWO accounts are affected?
8. Each exercise will give you a story and normally the extra columns that need to be
in the journals. [ Normally accounts that are used often in this business]
9. If the entry is not relevant to the column account name it goes to Sundry account.
10. Analysis of receipts: Money received through the till.
11. Always underline Analysis of Receipts amount after the last transaction for that
date[day].
Analysis is not an account it’s just holding the money for the day. Once the day is
over you take the total amount deposited for the WHOLE DAY to the bank.
12. When dealing with Services Rendered according to the cash register roll, then the
Doc Number is always CRR.
13. Source Document: number rolls in numerical order. e.g. Receipt or CRR [ Cash
Register Roll]
14. Details column is where you record the customer’s name or Service Rendered.
15. When you receive money for services rendered, you write ‘Services Rendered’ in
details and record the amount in the Current Income column.
16. When you receive a cheque, you will record the name of the person in details.
17. Write the total amount of money DEPOSITED for the day in Bank.
18. Clues for CRJ: Received a cheque/issued a receipt/cash received.
19. If you add the Current Income and Sundry Account columns together, the total
should equal to the amount in the Bank Column. This is an essential check to ensure
that you recorded the transaction correctly.
20. At the end of the month total all the columns. All the columns should equal up to
the bank.
21. Never total the Analysis of Receipts column. It’s the “till”. It is emptied every day so
at the end of the month there isn’t the whole month amount of money in there.
BANK TOTAL = SERVICES RENDERED total + SUNDRY ACCOUNT total
22. If a transaction indicates it was directly transferred into the bank etc. then no
amount goes into the till it skips the Analysis of Receipt column and is just reflected
in the Bank column and the other account that was effect.
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23. The FOL columns are used as a reference column when you take the amounts to
when you do your General ledger, so if you are only doing Journals you leave that
column Blank until you post to the General Ledger at the end of the month.
EXAMPLE OF A CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
TRANSACTION:
2nd May, the owner Kylie Rachel deposited R50 000 directly into KR Hairdressers bank
account for capital.
On the 5th May a customer had new highlights in her hair, according to the cash register,
for R2 000.
On the 7th May 2019 the cash register takings amounted to R1200 in respect of service
rendered.
L Fourie purchased a chair from the salon for his mother for mother’s day. He paid R500
Receipt 3 was issued.
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Cash Payments Journal [CPJ]
1. Source Document: “is what you holding in your hand when you record a payment
we have made?”
E.G: Cheque counterfoil [CC]
Business losses money when the business pays cash. This is called expenditure.
The aim of any business is to have as little expenditure as possible to maximise the profit.
If the transaction states it was directly deposited or paid via EFT [ELECTRONIC
FUNDS TRANSFER], then source document is Bank Statement- B/S.
2. Cash payments: paid cash, cheque, debit card or Electronic funds transfer [EFT].
3. Name of Payee: Whatever you wrote next to Pay on the cheque is the name of
payee. Name of the business you paid.
4. When you pay for wages you can put it as “CASH” as the cheque was made out
to cash. You always write on the cheque next to Pay: CASH when you have
cashed a cheque for wages etc.
5. Bank column amount in CPJ is the same amount you wrote on the cheque itself.
You only record the actual cheque amount in the bank column.
6. The other columns between the bank and Sundry account are accounts that are
frequently used in this business.
7. At the end of the month you must total each column and total the columns. Every
other column must be added together to equal what the total is in the bank. Then
your CPJ is balanced. If it doesn’t equal, then there is information that is incorrect.
Amount Details
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CC 8 Telkom 300 300 Telephone
1
B/S 12 Makro 500 500 Equipment
7300 4000 500 2800
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GENERAL LEDGER
CHEAT NOTE:
DEBIT CREDIT
D C
DEBITORS CREDITORS
E L
EXPENSES LIABILITIES
A I
ASSETS INCOME
D C
DRAWINGS CAPITAL
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- C +
CAPITAL
+ A -
ASSETS
- L +
LIABILITIES
- I +
INCOME
+ E -
EXPENSES
- O +
OWNERS EQUITY
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ORDER FOR THE GENERAL LEDGER
BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNT SECTION
OWNERS EQUITY
B1- CAPITAL
B2- DRAWINGS
FIXED ASSET
B5- EQUIPMENT
CURRENT ASSETS
B8- BANK
B9- CASH FLOAT
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NOTES:
GENERAL LEDGERS [GL]:
1. Summary or all the underlying subsidiary journals- Money received and spent.
2. Less cluttered
3. Consists of 2 different accounts
Debit
credit
4. For every DEBIT there is a CREDIT and for every CREDIT there is a DEBIT.
e.g. You buy chips at the heart.
If not, the entries will not balance D C
E L
The heart’s [Asset] trading stock [CHIPS] decreases [credit side] A I
The heart’s [Asset] Bank [MONEY] increases [debit side]. D C
+ -
5. Remember when posting from journal to ledger indicate in the FOL column in the
journals where you are posting that information too.
6. To add the correct FOL in the General ledger where are you getting the info from-
which journal. CRJ and CPJ
7. If the business is a new business [1st month of operation] all journals are 1.
e.g. CRJ1 andCPJ1
OR
If the business has been running for more than one month [ you will know this if
there are balances from the month before.] Then you can make it any number
more than 1 unless its stipulates how many months the business has been running.
e.g. CRJ3 and CPJ3
a. Steps in recording accounting transactions:
i. Read the Transaction!
ii. Determine the TWO Accounts. CASH or CREDIT tranasaction?
If cash then BANK account.
If credit then DEBTOR or CREDITOR replaces bank.
iii. CATEGORISE the TWO accounts: USING DEAD CLIC OR C A L I E O
iv. For those two accounts is there an opening balance? [ only if the
company has been open for more than 1 month.
v. Has the account & category INCREASED or DECREASED?
vi. Refer to the DR CR TABLE to decide whether to debit or credit the TWO
accounts.
vii. For every DEBIT ENTRY there is an equal & corresponding CREDIT ENTRY.
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viii. BALANCING
ONLY Balance The balance sheet account section
Once you have posted all information from the journals to the right
accounts then you can balance.
Dr VEHICLE B4 Cr
2016 2016
April 1 balance B/D 45 000 April 20 Bank CRJ 35 000
10 Bank CPJ 85 000
Dr VEHICLE B4 Cr
2016 2016
April 1 balance B/D 45 000 April 20 Bank CRJ 35 000
10 Bank CPJ 85 000
130000
Dr VEHICLE B4
Cr
2016 2016
April 1 balance B/D 45 000 April 20 Bank CRJ 35 000
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10 Bank CPJ 85 000
130000 130000
Dr VEHICLE
Cr
2016 2016
April 1 balance B/D 45 000 April 20 Bank CRJ 35 000
10 Bank CPJ 85 000
130000 130000
Dr VEHICLE B4
Cr
2016 2016
April 1 balance B/D 45 000 April 20 Bank CRJ 35 000
10 Bank CPJ 85 30 Balance C/D 95
000 000
130000 130000
May 1 Balance B/D 95 000
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50 000 50 000
May 1 Balance B/D 37 000
Dr Cost of Sale N2 Cr
2016 In the Nominal
April 12 Trading Stock CRJ 5 Account Section
000 write total in pencil
16 Trading Stock DJ 8 as it’s a running total.
000
13 000
TRIAL BALANCE
1. Summary of the accounts balances in the General Ledger.
2. Accuracy of the double entry system is tested by doing a Trial Balance
3. Adding the debits should equal the credits
4. Only done at the end of the month.
TRIAL BALANCE OF KYLIE SALON ON 31 MARCH 2017
BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNT FOL DEBIT CREDIT
SECTION
OWNERS EQUITY
CAPITAL B1
DRAWINGS B2
FIXED ASSETS
LAND AND BUILDING B3
VEHICLES B4
FURNITURE B5
EQUIPMENT B6
CURRENT ASSETS
TRADING STOCK B7
BANK B8
DEBTORS B9
FIXED LIABILITY
LONG TERM LOAN B10
CURRENT LIABILITY
CREDITORS B11
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EXERCISES:
SECTION A:
EXERCISE 1:
Read the following transaction and complete a Cash Receipts Journal and a Cash
Payments Journal for Tracy Victor. Nail Salon. The Salon is called Tracy V Nail salon.
1. Accounting equation
2. Cash Receipts Journal should have the following headings; analysis or receipts,
bank, Current Income and Sundry account.
3. Cash Payments Journal should have the following headings; bank, stationery,
wages and Sundry Account.
4. Post from the journals to the general ledger.
5. Compile a Trial Balance for Tracy V. Nail Salon.
1 Sent cheque 30 for R200 to SGA stationers to pay for stationery. CPJ
4 The owner, Tracy Victor, deposited R50 000 directly into the business bank
18 Received a cheque from J. Smith for rent for November 2015. The rent is
R2 000.Issued receipt 01. CRJ
25 Bought a vehicle from GM Stores and paid by EFT, R30 000. CPJ
27 Cash received for services rendered, R1 700. CRJ
Received R1000, from Peter Pott for the sale of a chair. CRJ
28 Cashed a cheque to pay Tracy V’s doctor’s bill, R800. CPJ
30 Paid the salary of manager, Jason Reid, by cheque for R10 000. CPJ
EXERCISE 2:
Read the following transaction and complete a Cash Receipts Journal and a Cash
Payments Journal for ComputerFIX, a computer Repair store, Thandi Mdini is the owner.
1. Accounting equation
2. Cash Receipts Journal should have the following headings; analysis or receipts,
bank, Current Income and Sundry account.
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3. Cash Payments Journal should have the following headings; bank, equipment,
wages and Sundry Account.
4. Post from the journals to the general ledger.
5. Compile a Trial Balance for ComputerFIX.
Capital R 50 000, Equipment R 10 000, Vehicles R20 000, Bank R55 000, Services
Rendered R 40 000, Wages R 5 000
Transactions for March 2018
1st The owner, Thandi Mdini, deposited R500 000 into the current banking account, as
capital. CRJ
5th Purchased equipment form Tech Stores and paid by cheque no. 401, R36 000
7th Purchased spare parts (Material Cost) from Hennie Suppliers for R15 000 and paid by
cheque no. 402
8th Issued cheque no. 403 for R150 to Progress Stationers for stationery purchased
12th Services rendered for cash R18 000. According to the cash register roll.
19th Purchased a vehicle from Desai Garage and paid by cheque no.404, R180 000.
25th Issued a cheque to Super Nails for rent for the month R8 500.
Received R 2 500 rent from tenant, VIRTUALLY U, that rents a room in the office Issued
31st Issued a cheque no. 408 to Joburg City Municipality to pay electricity, R3 500 and
rates, R 2 400.
EXERCISE 3:
Read the following transaction and complete a Cash Receipts Journal and a Cash
Payments Journal for Hulley Super Motors Repairs, Car repair shop, J Hulley is the owner.
1. Accounting equation
2. Cash Receipts Journal should have the following headings; analysis or receipts,
bank, Current Income and Sundry account.
3. Cash Payments Journal should have the following headings; bank, stationery,
wages and Sundry Account.
4. Post from the journals to the general ledger.
5. Compile a Trial Balance.
Hulley Super Motors Repairs had balances on the 1st October 2013
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Capital R 100000, Equipment R 30 000, Vehicles R50 000, Bank R35 000, Services
Rendered R 10 000, Rent Income R10 000 Wages R 5000
1ST The owner, J. Hulley, invested R600 000 into her business Hulley Super Motor Repair.
4TH Purchased a Desk and Laptop form MM Designers and paid by cheque no. 161, R18 000.
7TH Purchased consumables from Mandla Stores for R14 000 less 10% trade discount and paid by
cheque no.162.
13th Purchased packing material for R400 from Eveline Papers and paid by cheque no. 164
16th Purchased a new vehicle from Evan Motors and paid by cheque no.165, R340 000
19th Issued cheque no.166 to Telkom to pay the telephone for the business R650 and the owner,
R840.
22nd Purchased consumables Mandla Stores for R24 000. Issued cheque no.168
25th Received cash as per CRR2 for services rendered, R32 000
25th Received a cheque from Winnie Gifts for equipment sold, R12 000. Issued receipt no. 52
31st Issued cheque no.170 to pay Joburg City Municipality for water and electricity R2 400 and
rates and taxes R1 100.
31st Paid the salary of the manager, J Matata, R15 000, cheque no.171 was issued.
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CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF HULLEY TRADERS – JANUARY 2015 CPJ1
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