Number System

John Mark S.
Morallos
BSCE 1C
NUMBER SYSTEM
What is Number System?

A number system is a system representing numbers. It is also called the system of numeration and it
defines a set of values to represent a quantity. These numbers are used as digits and the most common
ones are 0 and 1, that are used to represent binary numbers. Digits from 0 to 9 are used to represent other
types of number systems.
Binary Number System
- The binary number system uses only two digits: 0 and 1. The numbers in this system have a base
of 2. Digits 0 and 1 are called bits and 8 bits together make a byte. The data in computers is
stored in terms of bits and bytes. The binary number system does not deal with other numbers
such as 2,3,4,5 and so on. For example: 100012,1111012,10101012100012,1111012,10101012
are some examples of numbers in the binary number system.
Octal Number System
- The octal number system uses eight digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 with the base of 8. The advantage
of this system is that it has lesser digits when compared to several other systems, hence, there
would be fewer computational errors. Numbers like 8 and 9 are not included in the octal number
system. Just as the binary, the octal number system is used in minicomputers but with digits from
0 to 7. For example: 358,9238,1418358,9238,1418 are some examples of numbers in the octal
number system.
Decimal Number System
- The decimal number system uses ten digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 with the base number as 10.
The decimal number system is the system that we generally use to represent numbers in real life.
If any number is represented without a base, it means that its base is 10. For example:
72310,3210,42571072310,3210,425710 are some examples of numbers in the decimal number
system.
Hexadecimal Number System

- The hexadecimal number system uses sixteen digits/alphabets: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9 and A,B,C,D,
E, F with the base number as 16. Here, A-F of the hexadecimal system means the numbers 10-15
of the decimal number system respectively. This system is used in computers to reduce the large-
sized strings of the binary system. For example: 7B316,6F16,4B2A167B316,6F16,4B2A16 are
some examples of numbers in the hexadecimal number system.
Conversion Rules of Number Systems
- A number can be converted from one number system to another number system. Like binary
numbers can be converted to octal numbers and vice versa, octal numbers can be converted to
decimal numbers and vice versa and so on. Let us see the steps required in converting these
number systems.
Conversion of Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal Number Systems to Decimal Number Systems
- To convert a number from the binary/octal/hexadecimal system to the decimal system, we use the
following steps. The steps are shown by an example of a number in the binary system.
Example: Convert 10011121001112 into the decimal system.
Solution: Step 1: Identify the base of the given number. Here, the base of 10011121001112 is 2.
Step 2: Multiply each digit of the given number, starting from the rightmost digit, with the exponents of
the base. The exponents should start with 0 and increase by 1 every time as we move from right to
left. Since the base here is 2, we multiply the digits of the given number by 2 0, 21, 22 , and so on from
right to left.
Step 3: We just simplify each of the above products and add them.
Here, the sum is the equivalent number in the decimal number system of the given number. Or, we can
use the following steps to make this process simplified.
100111=(1×25)+(0×24)+(0×23)+(1×22)+(1×21)+(1×20)=(1×32)+(0×16)+(0×8)+(1×4)+(1×2)+(1×1)=32
+0+0+4+2+1=39100111=(1×25)+(0×24)+(0×23)+(1×22)+(1×21)+(1×20)=(1×32)+(0×16)+(0×8)+(1×4)+
(1×2)+(1×1)=32+0+0+4+2+1=39
Thus,
∴1001112=3910
Conversion of Decimal Number System to Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal Number System
- To convert a number from the decimal number system to binary/octal/hexadecimal number

system, we use the following steps. The steps are shown on how to convert a number from the
decimal system to the octal system.
Example:
Convert 432010432010 into the octal system.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the base of the required number. Since we have to convert the given number into the octal
system, the base of the required number is 8.
Step 2: Divide the given number by the base of the required number and note down the quotient and the
remainder in the quotient-remainder form. Repeat this process (dividing the quotient again by the base)
until we get the quotient to be less than the base.
Step 3: The given number in the octal number system is obtained just by reading all the remainders and
the last quotient from bottom to top.
∴432010=103408
Conversion from One Number System to Another Number System
To convert a number from one of the binary/octal/hexadecimal systems to one of the other systems, we
first convert it into the decimal system, and then we convert it to the required systems by using the above-
mentioned processes.
Example:
Convert 1010111100210101111002 to the hexadecimal system.
Solution:
Step 1: Convert this number to the decimal number system as explained in the above process.
Thus,10101111002=70010→(1)10101111002=70010→(1)
Step 2: Convert the above number (which is in the decimal system), into the required number system.
Here, we have to convert 7001070010 into the hexadecimal system using the above-mentioned process. It
should be noted that in the hexadecimal system, the numbers 11 and 12 are written as B and C
respectively.
Thus,70010=2BC16→(2)70010=2BC16→(2)
From the equations (1) and (2), 10101111002=2BC16
https://www.cuemath.com/numbers/number-systems/?
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John Mark S.

What is Number System?

Binary Number System

Octal Number System

Decimal Number System

Hexadecimal Number System

Conversion of Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal Number Systems to Decimal Number Systems

Example: Convert 10011121001112 into the decimal system.

- To convert a number from the decimal number system to binary/octal/hexadecimal number

Convert 432010432010 into the octal system.

Conversion from One Number System to Another Number System

Convert 1010111100210101111002 to the hexadecimal system.

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