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UCSP Q1 Lesson 5

This document discusses socialization, which is defined as the lifelong process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors expected in their culture and social group. It identifies the major contexts and agents of socialization, including biological, psychological, social factors as well as family, school, peers, and media. The document also outlines several theories of socialization and personality development, such as Freud's model of the id, ego and superego, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and Mead's theory of the social self.

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Isay September
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2K views

UCSP Q1 Lesson 5

This document discusses socialization, which is defined as the lifelong process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors expected in their culture and social group. It identifies the major contexts and agents of socialization, including biological, psychological, social factors as well as family, school, peers, and media. The document also outlines several theories of socialization and personality development, such as Freud's model of the id, ego and superego, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and Mead's theory of the social self.

Uploaded by

Isay September
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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After going through this lesson, you are

expected to:
 Identify the context of
socialization
 Define socialization
 Explain the process of
socialization
 Elaborate the consequence
of socialization
WHAT IS
SOCIALIZATION
The process through which we are taught the
norms, values, and customs of our society or
social group.

The lifelong social experience by which people


develop their human potential and learn culture.

The process of preparing members for


membership in a given group in society.

Another term for socialization is enculturation.


THREE MAJOR ASPECTS OF
SOCIALIZATION

The context in which it occurs


The actual content and processes people use to
socialize others
The results arising from those contexts and
processes.
THE CONTEXT
OF
The context of socialization is like the theatre or
stage in which socialization occurs. Social context
includes culture, language, and social structures
such as the class, ethnic, and gender hierarchies
of a society. Context also includes social and
historical events, power and control in social life,
and the people and institutions with which
individuals come in contact in the course of their
socialization.
SOCIALIZATION
Biological Context
Biological features are regularly suggested as sources of human
behavior

Psychological Context
Emotional States and the Unconscious , Cognitive Development
Theories, Social and Historical Events

Social Position Context


Your family's social class, economic position, and ethnic background as
well as your gender can affect the ways in which you will be socialized
THE CONCEPT
OF
Freud’s Model of Personality
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) combined basic needs and the
influence of society into a model of personality with three parts:
id, ego, and superego.

Id - represents the human being’s basic drives, or biological and


physical needs which are unconscious and demand immediate
satisfaction.
Superego - refers to the cultural values and norms internalized by
an individual.
Ego - a person’s conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-
seeking drives (id) with the demands of society (superego).
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget (1896–1980) identified four stages of cognitive
development.

1) Sensorimotor Stage - individuals know the world only through


the five senses.
2) Preoperational Stage - individuals first use language and other
symbols.
3) Concrete Operational Stage - individuals first see causal
connections in their surroundings.
4) Formal Operational Stage - individuals think abstractly and
critically.
Mead’s Theory of the Social Self
George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)

Self is a part of our personality and includes self-awareness and


self-image.
It is the product of social experience, and is not guided by
biological drives.
The key to developing the self is learning to take the role of the
other.
Mead used the term generalized other to refer to widespread
cultural norms and values we use as references in evaluating
ourselves
Cooley’s Looking-glass Self
Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929)

The phrase looking-glass self means a self-image based on how


we think others see us. As we interact with others, the people
around us become a mirror in which we can see ourselves. What
we think of ourselves depends on how we think others see us.
Gender Role Socialization

Gender refers to those social, cultural, and psychological traits


linked to males and females through particular social contexts.
Sex makes us male or female; gender makes us masculine or
feminine. All the major agents of socialization—family, peer
groups, schools, and the mass media—reinforce cultural
definitions of what is feminine and masculine.
PROCESS AND
CONSEQUENCES OF
SOCIALIZATION
The process of socialization entails learning the
various elements of a society’s culture as well as its
social structure.
Socialization is a learning process that begins shortly
after birth. Early childhood is the period of the most
intense and the most crucial socialization. It is then
that we acquire language and learn the fundamentals
of our culture. It is also when much of our personality
takes shape. However, we continue to be socialized
throughout our lives. As we age, we enter new statuses
and need to learn the appropriate roles for them. We
also have experiences that teach us lessons and
potentially lead us to alter our expectations, beliefs,
and personality.
AGENTS OF
SOCIALIZATION
Family
Family is the first agent of socialization. Mothers and fathers,
siblings and grandparents, plus members of an extended family,
all teach a child what he or she needs to know.
As you are aware, either from your own experience as a child or
from your role in helping to raise one, socialization includes
teaching and learning about an unending array of objects and
ideas.
School
The official purpose of school is to transfer subject knowledge
and teach life skills, such as following directions and meeting
deadlines.
In school, we also learn social skills through our interactions
with teachers, staff, and other students.
Peer Groups
A peer group is made up of people who are similar in age and
social status and who share interests
Peer groups are important to adolescents in a new way, as they
begin to develop an identity separate from their parents and
exert independence. Additionally, peer groups provide their own
opportunities for socialization since a person usually engage in
different types of activities with their peers than they do with
their families
Mass Media
Mass media distribute impersonal information to a wide
audience, via television, newspapers, radio, and the Internet.
Media greatly influences social norms.
People learn about objects of material culture as well as non-
material culture

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