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C-1 Introdution

This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of bridge design. It defines what constitutes a bridge according to dictionaries and transportation authorities. Bridges are important elements of transportation systems because they control capacity, are the most expensive component per mile, and if failed cause the entire system to fail. The document outlines key bridge components like the approach, piers, bearings, abutments and wing walls. It also discusses bridge layout terminology such as clear span, span length and total width. Considerations for bridge site selection include waterway size, foundation conditions, and traffic needs.

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Daniel Solomon
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54 views

C-1 Introdution

This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of bridge design. It defines what constitutes a bridge according to dictionaries and transportation authorities. Bridges are important elements of transportation systems because they control capacity, are the most expensive component per mile, and if failed cause the entire system to fail. The document outlines key bridge components like the approach, piers, bearings, abutments and wing walls. It also discusses bridge layout terminology such as clear span, span length and total width. Considerations for bridge site selection include waterway size, foundation conditions, and traffic needs.

Uploaded by

Daniel Solomon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Bridge Design

Lecture I

Introduction and Type of


Bridges

31 October 2019
Outline
 Introduction
 Components of Bridge
 Bridge Terminologies
 Layout of Bridge
 Waterway and Afflux
What is a bridge?
 Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Bridge = Structure carrying a pathway or roadway over
a depression or obstacle

 American Association of State Highway and Transportation


Officials (AASHTO)
Bridge = Any structure having an opening not less than
6100 mm (20ft) that forms part of a highway or that is
located over or under a highway
• Anything smaller is just a culvert
 A bridge is a key element in a transportation system
for three reasons:
 It likely controls the capacity of the system
 It is the highest cost per mile of the system
 If the bridge fails, the system fails
Bridge Terminologies

I. Approach: It is a part of a bridge length wise to the


communication route at the ends of the bridge. It can be
either a part of the bridge or a separated small bridge
Bridge Terminologies

II. Piers: are structural elements, which sustain


superstructure dead and live loads, carry their own
weight and transmit all loads to the foundation soil.
They are constructed of masonry or reinforced
concrete.
Bridge Terminologies
III. Bearings: is a structural device positioned between
bridge superstructure and substructure
 Roles of Bearing:
• Transmit load from superstructure to substructure
• Accommodate relative movements between
superstructure and substructure
Bridge Terminologies
IV. Abutments: are particular types of walls (retaining
walls) that support the end of a bridge superstructure.
They resist loads from the bridge superstructure &
earth pressure.
IV. Wing Walls: is a wall constructed at both sides of the
abutment and used as:
• To retain the lateral earth pressure.
• To guide the direction of the river flow.
• To prevent erosion of the bank of the river and the
abutment.
Abutment and Wing wall
Layout of Bridge
 Free (clear) span: perpendicular face to face distance
between supported components
 Span Length: is the distance between the centers of
bearings
 Total width of a bridge: is defined as the distance between
the inside of the railings including walkways.
 The width of bridge for different number of lanes

Application Width(m)

Two –lane in “urban” area 10.30

Two-lane in “Rural” area 7.30

Singe lane 4.20

Pedestrian 3.0
Waterway and Afflux
 Waterway: area through which the water flows under the
superstructure of the bridge.

 Natural waterway: unobstructed area of the river.

 Linear waterway: the width of the water surface measured


from edge to edge along the design high flood level.

 Waterway afflux: the vertical increase of water due to


vertical supports.

 Freeboard:-The vertical distance between the crown and


the level of the bottom of the girder.
 Free board above the MWT should not be less than

 These should be increased for large floating debris or for


navigational requirements.
 Vertical clearance-the height above roadways. (Min 5.3m)
Bridge Site selection
 a straight reach of the river
 minimum disturbing influence of larger tributaries
 well defined banks
 reasonably straight approach roads
 permits as perpendicular a crossing as possible
 Availability of local materials
 Traffic needs
 Foundation conditions
 Vertical and horizontal alignment
 Less river training methods such as riprap, gabions etc
Bridge Geometry
 The hydrological and Hydraulic Analysis
 The elevation of the bridge and the highway.
 The soil condition of the site (Bearing & Scouring)
The End

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