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Camera Types

The document discusses different types of cameras, including compact point-and-shoot cameras, sub-compact and bridge cameras with more advanced features, single-lens reflex cameras which produce high-quality images using interchangeable lenses, rangefinder cameras which determine focus using two images, and other specialized cameras like view cameras, twin lens reflex cameras, Polaroid cameras, and underwater cameras designed to withstand water pressure. It provides details on the key characteristics and uses of each type.

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294 views

Camera Types

The document discusses different types of cameras, including compact point-and-shoot cameras, sub-compact and bridge cameras with more advanced features, single-lens reflex cameras which produce high-quality images using interchangeable lenses, rangefinder cameras which determine focus using two images, and other specialized cameras like view cameras, twin lens reflex cameras, Polaroid cameras, and underwater cameras designed to withstand water pressure. It provides details on the key characteristics and uses of each type.

Uploaded by

saurabh yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of

cameras
 In the early days of digital cameras there were two basic
classifications: Compact Cameras (also known as Point-And-
Shoot cameras) or Single Lens Reflex (SLR, Digital SLRs are
called DSLR). However, due to the competition and the high
demand for better all-in-one gadgets, which are lighter,
smaller, and packs more features, many models came out
that may not fall directly on any of the basic categories. In
fact, the advancement of technology has come to a point
that even personal gadgets like cellular phones and watches
already includes cameras that can rival an average compact
camera.
1. Compact Cameras
 Compact Cameras or Point-and-Shoot cameras are those
cameras that allow you to do just that -- "Point" and "Shoot".
No need to worry about any special settings. These cameras
are generally small (pocket size), lightweight, and has very
minimal buttons and knobs. Most of the settings are automatic
including focusing, flash, white balance and light adjustments.

 Traditional compact cameras use a simple window through


the body of the camera as a viewfinder. This does not show
you the real image that the imaging chip will actually capture
since it is in a different position as the chip. Newer cameras
however already use LCD displays to show what the imaging
sensor see.
 Another thing about compact cameras is the size of the lens
and the imaging chip. Since they are generally small, there is
very little space inside to allow for larger sensors and lenses so
they are equipped with very small imaging chips and also
small lenses. They also have either fixed lenses or very minimal
zoom capabilities.

 These limitations on the size of the imaging sensors and lenses


are the main reasons why compact cameras generally have
mediocre quality outputs compared to higher classes of
cameras. At the same time these are also some of the reasons
why they are much cheaper.
2. Sub-Compact Cameras, Bridge Cameras
 Cameras that belong to this classification may range from
more advanced compact cameras to SLR-like super zooms
and Bridge Cameras. The differences between these and
Compact cameras are: Sub-Compact cameras can be used
with Automatic, Semi-manual, or Fully Manual settings; they
may have a bit larger bodies and usually larger sensors and
larger lenses; they generally have longer zoom ranges; and
obviously a bit heavier.

 There are even bridge cameras that are employing the


versatility that was once only available to SLR and/or DSLR
cameras -- replaceable lenses. This allows the user to really
custom pick the set of lenses that exactly matches his shooting
style and needs.
 These cameras are geared towards more advanced users
who understand a bit more than the basics of taking pictures,
who want more control over the images they take with their
cameras.

 Although Sub-Compacts and Bridge Cameras are a bit more


expensive than Compact cameras, they generally deliver
better quality pictures and have more customizable settings to
fit to different occasions. Some Sub-Compact camera models
even have options for upgrades to further expand their
capabilities such as remote trigger, external / remote flash,
conversion lenses, filter attachments, and a lot more.
3. Single Lens Reflex Cameras (SLR, DSLR for Digital SLRs)
 Single Lens Reflex cameras use only one main lens set. The
image from this lens is delivered to the viewfinder through a
set of mirrors and / or prisms working like a periscope. When
the shutter button is pressed, the mirror momentarily closes to
allow the image to go from the lens directly to the imaging
chip. This way, the viewfinder will show the user to the actual
image as it would appear in the imaging sensor.

 All these mechanical parts are obviously some of the reasons


why SLR and Digital SLR (DSLR) cameras have large and heavy
bodies. DSLRs are also fitted with much larger and more
sensitive imaging chips that produce high quality images even
on poorly lit environments. The lenses used by SLRs are
detachable and can be replaced with other compatible
lenses with different features.
 Most DSLR lenses have functions that are controllable by the
camera body such as focusing, zooming and image
stabilization. These requires additional electronic circuitry and
special mechanisms within the camera body. You might have
wondered why these lenses are often long and heavy if it's just
a lens. Aside from the mechanical parts inside, these lenses
are actually composed of not just one but several groups of
lenses consisting of one or more high-quality lens elements of
different characteristics.
 Like Sub-compacts, SLRs may be used with Automatic, Semi-
manual or Fully manual settings. The controls however, are
more specific and usually a bit more complex but due to its
more advanced computer circuitry, it can respond quicker,
and more accurately.
 All these features of SLR cameras and lenses make them
heavy, large and expensive and may not be ideal for day-to-
day activities. However, these features also make SLRs the best
camera for professional-level photography, producing the
best possible pictures. These cameras are top on the list for
hobbyists, professional photographers, and enthusiasts.
4. Rangefinder Cameras
 Rangefinder Cameras are another category of cameras that are fitted
with a rangefinders to determine the distance of an object. Traditional
rangefinders display two images of the same object in the viewfinder,
one each from two different opening in the Camera. The distance of the
focused object is determined by adjusting a focusing ring and making
these two images align. This distance is then transmitted to the lens to
obtain a proper focus on the subject.
 Although digital Rangefinder Cameras are also available with
interchangeable lenses and could produce really good quality photos,
they are not very popular among hobbyists since they are generally more
expensive and the features are limited. The collection of lenses are also
not as many as DSLR lenses.
 There is also a parallax error where the image you see in the viewfinder is
not exactly the same image that the sensor sees through the lens -- this is
due to the fact that they are in different position, unlike a DSLR. This
phenomenon makes Rangefinder Cameras not ideal for close subjects
such as portraiture and macro photography.
View Camera

Built like an accordion, with a lens in the front, a viewing screen in the back, and flexible
bellows in between.

Used for:
▪ Commercial studio photography
▪ Landscapes
▪ Architectural photography
Twin lens reflex

A TLR has a fixed mirror that reflects the scene upwards onto a viewing screen.
There is one lens to expose the film and another to view the image.
Twin Lens Reflex.
Polaroid Camera
Underwater Camera

• For capturing the flora and fauna underwater camera are amazing tools.

• Underwater cameras are designed for underwater still and video photography.

• These cameras are designed such that protects them from the water and damage

caused by pressure.

There are two types of underwater camera available :

• Housing system cameras

• Amphibious cameras

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