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: Matter in Our Surroundings
: 6 September 2019 www.rava.org.in

CHAPTER 1
NCERT Solutions
CLASS : 9 th
SUB : Science
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Matter in Our Surroundings

1. NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS states of matter.

(b) Comment upon the following : rigidity,
1. Which of the following are matter? compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container,
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almond, thought, cold, shape, kinetic energy, and density.
lemon water, smell of perfume. Ans :
Ans : (a) Differences in the characteristics of states of
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter :
matter. Matter can exist in three physical states— Property Solid Liquid Gas
solid, liquid and gaseous. Chair and almond are forms
of matter in solid state. Cold drink is a liquid state of Rigidity Rigid and Not rigid Not rigid
matter. Air and smell of perfume, are gaseous states cannot be and can be and can
of matter. Love, smell, cold are not matter, as they compressed compressed be easily
are feelings that do not have mass and don’t occupy to a little compressed
space. extent.
Shape Definite Shape of No definite
2. Give reasons for the following observation : shape container shape
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several Volume Definite Definite No definite
metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you volume volume volume
have to go close.
Fluidity Cannot Can flow Flow in all
Ans :
flow from higher direction
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches us several to lower
metres away because food particles diffuse faster in air level
when temperature is high and we can smell it earlier,
whereas cold food particles take time to diffuse so we Diffusion Almost nil Diffuse Diffuse
have to go close to smell it. slowly easily
Storage Can be Open/ Only closed
3. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming stored closed container
pool. Which property of matter does this observation without container is can store
show? container needed.
Ans : Inter- Least Greater Maximum
This observation shows that the intermolecular space molecular than solid
is high in liquid so the diver can easily pass through it. space but lesser
than gases
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Arrangement Regular, Random or Random
of molecules close to irregular and wide
4. What are the characteristics of particles of matter? each other close to apart
Ans : each other
The characteristics of particles of matter are : Movement of Very little Molecules Quick
a. Particles of matter have spaces between them. molecules movement can move movement
b. Particles of matter are continuously moving. in the around in random
c. Particles of matter attract each other. form of each other direction
vibrations
5. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called
Strength Strong Weak bond Very loose
density (density = mass/ volume). Arrange the
of bond bond bonding
following in order of increasing density - air, exhaust
between
from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron.
molecules
Ans :
Examples A rock Water Water
Air, exhaust from chimney, cotton, water, honey, vapour
chalk, and iron.
(a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of (b)

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1. Rigidity : It is the property of matter to counter Ans :

the change of its shape. (a) Gaseous state at 250°C.
2. Compressibility : It is the property of matter in (b) Equilibrium state between liquid and vapour
which its volume is decreased by applying force. (100°C). At this temperature, after getting the
3. Fluidity : It is the ability of matter to flow. heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization,
4. Filling a gas container : On filling a gas or liquid, water starts changing from liquid state to gaseous
it takes the shape of the container. state.
5. Shape : A shape is the form of an object or its
external boundary.
10. For any substance, why does the temperature remain
6. Kinetic energy : The kinetic energy of an object is
constant during the change of state?
the energy that is due to its motion.
7. Density : Density of a substance is its mass per Ans :
unit volume. During the change of state the temperature of any
substance remains constant. Because heat supplied or
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released is utilized in changing the state by overcoming
the forces of attraction between the particles.
6. Give reasons : Therefore, this heat does not contribute in increasing
(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is or decreasing the temperature of the substance. Such
kept. heat is called latent heat.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid. 11. Suggest a method to liquify atmospheric gases.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the
Ans :
same through a solid block of wood, we need a
karate expert. The gases can be converted into liquid if high pressure
Ans : is applied at low temperature.
(a) The force of attraction between particles of gas
12. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry
is negligible. Thus, the particles of gas can move
day?
in all directions and fills the vessel completely in
which it is kept. Ans :
(b) Particles of gas move randomly in all directions There is high temperature and low humidity in day
with high speed. Therefore, the particles collide time in desert. These factors increase evaporation,
with each other and also with the walls of the and cooler works well because of faster evaporation.
container with a force. Therefore, gas exerts This also means that desert cooler cool better on a
pressure on the walls of the container. hot dry day.
(c) A wooden table has fixed shape and fixed volume,
which are the main characteristics of solid. Thus, 13. How does water kept in an earthen pot (matka)
a wooden table should be called a solid. become cool during summer?
(d) Particles of air have large spaces between them. Ans :
On the other hand, wood has little space between
its particles. Also, it is rigid. For this reason, we The liquid inside the pot evaporates through the pores
can easily move our hands in air, but to do the in an earthen pot. This evaporation makes the water
same through a solid block of wood, we need a inside the pot cool. Thus, water kept in an earthen
karate expert. pot becomes cool during summers.

7. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to 14. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some
solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
water. Find out why. Ans :
Ans : Acetone, petrol, and perfume evaporate at low
Ice which is a solid has vacant spaces between water temperatures. When some acetone, petrol, or perfume
molecules, thus making ice lighter than water. Thus, is dropped on the palm, it takes heat from the palm
ice floats on water. and evaporates, so making the palm cooler.

8. Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale : 15. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a
(a) 300 K saucer than a cup?
(b) 573 K Ans :
Ans : Increase in surface area increases evaporation rate and
(a) 300 K = (300 – 273)°C = 27°C cools faster in a saucer than in a cup. A liquid has a
(b) 573 K = (573 – 273)°C = 300°C larger surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Thus,
we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer
than a cup.
9. What is the physical state of water at :
(a) 250°C
(b) 100°C

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16. What type of clothes should we wear in summer? changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state,
Ans : i.e. water vapours.
We should wear cotton clothes in summer as cotton is
6. Give two reasons to justify—
a good water (sweat) absorber. Sweat is absorbed by
(a) Water at room temperature is a liquid.
the cotton and it exposes water to the atmosphere for
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
evaporation to make the body cool.
Ans :
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(a) (i) Intermolecular forces are less.
(ii) Intermolecular spaces and kinetic energy is
more.
2. NCERT EXERCISE QUESTIONS
Thus, the molecules of water can interchange their
spaces and hence water is in liquid state at room
1. Convert the following temperatures to Celsius scale. temperature.
(a) 300 K (b) 573 K (b) (i) Intermolecular forces are very strong.
Ans : (ii) Intermolecular spaces, as well as, kinetic
(a) 300 K = (300 – 273)°C = 27°C energy are very small.
(b) 573 K = (573 – 273)°C = 300°C Thus, the molecules are held very very tightly,
with the result, the iron almirah has a definite shape
2. Convert the following temperatures to Kelvin scale. and definite volume, and hence, is a solid.
(a) 25°C
(b) 373°C 7. Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than
Ans : water at the same temperature?
(a) 25°C = (25 + 273) K = 298 K Ans :
(b) 373°C = (373 + 273) K = 646 K Ice at 273 K has less energy than water (although
both are at the same temperature). Water has the
3. Give reason for the following observations : additional latent heat of fusion. Hence, at 273 K, ice
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without is more effective in cooling than water.
leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several 8. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or
metres away. steam?
Ans : Ans :
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without Steam will produce more severe burns than boiling
leaving any solid because they undergoes water. As steam has 2260 J of heat energy (latent heat
sublimation easily, i.e. the change of state of of vaporization) as compared to water. Thus, steam
naphthalene from solid to gas takes place easily. produces more severe burns.
(b) Perfumes have high degree of vaporization and its
vapour diffuse into air easily. Therefore, we can 9. Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram
get the smell of perfume sitting several metres showing change in its state.
away.

4. Arrange the following substances in increasing order

of forces of attraction between particles - water, sugar,
and oxygen.
Ans :
Oxygen, water, sugar.

5. What is the physical state of water at :

(a) 25°C
(b) 0°C
(c) 100°C
Ans :
Ans :
(a) Liquid state
(b) At 0°C, water can exits as both solid and liquid.
At this temperature, after getting the heat equal
to the latent heat of fusion, the solid form of
water, i.e. ice starts changing into its liquid form,
i.e. water.
(c) At 100°C, water can exist as both liquid and gas.
At this temperature, after getting the heat equal
to the latent heat of vaporization, water starts

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3. NCERT EXEMPLAR (c) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing
through the liquid state is called freezing.
(d) Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation.
Objective Type Questions Ans : (b) Conversion of vapours into solid without
passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.
1. Which one of the following sets of phenomena would
increase on raising the temperature?
(a) Diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases 8. The boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and n-butyl
(b) Evaporation, compression of gases, solubility alcohol are 35°C, 56°C and 118°C respectively. Which
(c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gas one of the following correctly represents their boiling
(d) Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of points in Kelvin scale?
gases (a) 306 K, 329 K, 391 K (b) 308 K, 329 K, 392 K
(c) 308 K, 329 K, 391 K (d) 329 K, 392 K, 308 K
Ans : (c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gas
Ans : (c) 308 K, 329 K, 391 K

2. Seema visited a Natural Gas Compressing Unit and

found that the gas can be liquefied under specific 9. Which condition out of the following will increase the
conditions of temperature and pressure. While sharing evaporation of water?
her experience with friends she got confused. Help her (a) Increase in temperature of water
to identify the correct set of conditions : (b) Decrease in temperature of water
(a) Low temperature, low pressure (c) Less exposed surface area of water
(b) High temperature, low pressure (d) Adding common salt to water
(c) Low temperature, high pressure Ans : (a) Increase in temperature of water
(d) High temperature, high pressure
Ans : (c) Low temperature, high pressure 10. In which of the following conditions, the distance
between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase?
3. The property to flow is unique to fluids. Which one of (i) Increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a
the following statements is correct? closed container.
(a) Only gases behave like fluids (ii) Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container.
(b) Gases and solids behave like fluids (iii) Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen
(c) Gases and liquids behave like fluids gas.
(d) Only liquids are fluids (iv) Adding more hydrogen gas to the container
without increasing the volume of the container.
Ans : (c) Gases and liquids behave like fluids
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
4. During summer, water kept in an earthen pot becomes
Ans : (c) (ii) and (iii)
cool because of the phenomenon of :
(a) diffusion (b) transpiration
(c) osmosis (d) evaporation
Short Answer Questions
Ans : (d) evaporation
11. A sample of water under study was found to boil at
5. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order 102°C at normal temperature and pressure. Is the
of ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which water pure? Will this water freeze at 0°C? Comment.
one of the following represents a correct arrangement? Ans :
(a) Water, air, wind (b) Air, sugar, oil
No, because it is not pure water. Its freezing point
(c) Oxygen, water, sugar (d) Salt, juice, air will be below 0°C due to the presence of a non-volatile
Ans : (c) Oxygen, water, sugar impurity in it.

6. On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C to Kelvin scale, 12. A student heats a beaker containing ice and water.
the correct sequence of temperature will be : He measures the temperature of the content of the
(a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K beaker as a function of time. Which of the following
(b) 298 K, 300 K and 338 K figure would correctly represent the result? Justify
(c) 273 K, 278 K and 543 K your choice.
(d) 298 K, 310 K and 338 K
Ans : (a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K

7. Choose the correct statement of the following :

(a) Conversion of solid into vapours without passing Ans :
through the liquid state is called vaporization. The correct option is (d). Since ice and water are in
(b) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing equilibrium, the temperature would be zero. When
through the liquid state is called sublimation. we heat the mixture, energy supplied is utilized in
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melting the ice and the temperature does not change The movement of particles from low concentration to
till all the ice melts because of latent heat of fusion. high concentration is diffusion in liquids and gases.
On further heating, the temperature of the water The particles move from the low concentration to
would increase. high concentration through the semi-permeable
membrane through osmosis, this also happens because
13. Fill in the blanks : of diffusion.
(a) Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads Thus, osmosis is called a special kind of diffusion.
to a _____ effect.
(b) At room temperature the forces of attraction 17. Classify the following into osmosis/diffusion :
between the particles of solid substances are (i) Swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water.
_____ than those which exist in the gaseous (ii) Spreading of virus on sneezing.
state. (iii) Earthworm dying on coming in contact with
(c) The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the common salt.
_____ state. However, there is no order in the (iv) Shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup.
_____ state. (v) Preserving pickles in salt.
(d) _____ is the change of gaseous state directly (vi) Spreading of smell of cake being baked throughout
to solid state without going through the _____ the house.
state. (vii) Aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water
(e) The phenomenon of change of a liquid into the during respiration.
gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling Ans :
point is called _____.
(i) Osmosis (ii) Diffusion
Ans :
(iii) Osmosis (iv) Osmosis
(a) cooling (b) stronger (v) Osmosis (vi) Diffusion
(c) liquid, gaseous (d) Sublimation, liquid (vii) Diffusion
(e) evaporation
18. Water as ice has a cooling effect, whereas water
14. Match the physical quantities given in column A to as steam may cause severe burns. Explain these
their SI units given in column B : observations.
Ans :
Column A Column B
Water turns into ice at 0°C and water turns into
(a) Pressure (i) Cubic metre
steam at 100°C when heat is supplied to water. Water
(b) Temperature (ii) Kilogram as steam has more latent heat as compare to liquid
(c) Density (iii) Pascal (water). Hence, water as steam may cause severe
burns while water as ice has a cooling effect.
(d) Mass (iv) Kelvin
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(e) Volume (v) Kilogram per cubic
metre
19. Alka was making tea in a kettle. Suddenly she felt
Ans : intense heat from the puff of steam gushing out of
(a) — (iii); (b) — (iv); (c) — (v); (d) — (ii); (e) — (i). the spout of the kettle. She wondered whether the
temperature of the steam was higher than that of the
water boiling in the kettle. Comment.
15. The non-SI and SI units of some physical quantities are
given in column A and column B respectively. Match Ans :
the units belonging to the same physical quantity : The boiling point of water is 100°C. The temperature
of boiling water does not rise instead of continuous
Column A Column B supply of heat because extra heat is supplied to the
(a) Degree Celsius (i) Kilogram water is used to turn water into steam. Hence, steam
has a lot of latent heat which can cause severe burn.
(b) Centimetre (ii) Pascal
That’s why Alka felt intense heat from the puff of
(c) Gram per (iii) Metre steam gushing out of the spout of the kettle.
centimetre cube
(d) Bar (iv) Kelvin 20. A glass tumbler containing hot water is kept in the
freezer compartment of a refrigerator (temperature <
(e) Milligram (v) Kilogram per 0°C). If you could measure the temperature of the
cubic metre content of the tumbler, which of the following graphs
Ans : (fig.) would correctly represent the change in its
temperature as a function of time.
(a) — (iv); (b) — (iii); (c) — (v); (d) — (ii); (e) — (i).

16. ‘Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion.’ Comment.

Ans :

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Ans : 24. It is a hot summer day, Priyanshi and Ali are wearing
Fig. (a). cotton and nylon clothes respectively. Who do you
The temperature of water falls to 0°C first. Then, it think and would be more comfortable and why?
will be constant till all water turn into ice, then it will Ans :
decrease. Cotton being a better absorber of water than
nylon and helps in absorption of sweat followed by
21. Look at fig. and suggest in which of the vessels A, B, evaporation which leads to cooling. So, Priyanshi is
C or D the rate of evaporation will be the highest. more comfortable, whereas Ali is not so comfortable.
Explain.
25. You want to wear your favourite shirt to a party, but
the problem is that it is still wet after a wash. What
steps would you take to dry it faster?
Ans :
Conditions that can increase the rate of evaporation
of water are :
Ans : (a) an increase of surface area by spreading the shirt.
(b) an increase in temperature by putting the shirt
Fig. (c). under the Sun.
The rate of evaporation increases with the increase (c) increase the wind speed by spreading it under the
in surface area and wind speed. The surface areas of fan.
vessel c, a and d are similar but the wind speed is
greater above the vessel c because of fan, hence the
26. Comment on the following statements :
rate of evaporation will be highest in the vessel c.
(a) Evaporation produces cooling.
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decreases with increase in humidity.
22. (a) Conversion of solid to vapour is called sublimation. (c) Sponge though compressible is a solid.
Name the term used to denote the conversion of Ans :
vapour to solid. (a) Evaporation produces cooling as the particles
(b) Conversion of solid state to liquid state is called at the surface of the liquid gain energy from the
fusion; what is meant by latent heat of fusion? surroundings and change into vapour thereby
Ans : producing a cooling effect.
(a) The conversion of vapour to solid without changing (b) Air around us cannot hold more than a definite
into liquid or vice versa is known as ‘sublimation’. amount of water vapour at a given temperature
This process is also known as ‘deposition’. which is known as humidity. So, if the air is already
(b) Latent heat of fusion is the heat required to melt rich in water vapour, it will not take up more
the solid state to liquid state without only increase water, therefore, rate of evaporation of water will
in temperature. decrease.
(c) A sponge has minute holes in which air is trapped.
Also the material is not rigid. When we press it,
Long Answer Questions the air is expelled out and we are able to compress
it.
23. You are provided with a mixture of naphthalene
and ammonium chloride by your teacher. Suggest an 27. Why does the temperature of a substance remain
activity to separate them with well labelled diagram. constant during its melting point or boiling point?
Ans : Ans :
Naphthalene is insoluble in water but soluble in ether The temperature of a substance remains constant at
(an organic solvent). It is volatile at room temperature. its melting and boiling points until all the substance
Ammonium chloride is soluble in water and volatile melts or boils because the heat supplied is continuously
at higher temperature. It decomposes on heating to used up in changing the state of the substance by
dryness. overcoming the forces of attraction between the
particles. This heat energy absorbed without showing
any rise in temperature is given the name latent heat
of fusion/latent heat of vaporization.
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