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Coordination and Response: IGCSE Biology Workbook

The document provides information about coordination and response in biology, including: - Nerve impulses are electrical signals transmitted along nerve fibers that make up the nervous system. - The central nervous system (CNS) in humans consists of the brain, spinal cord, and controls coordination. - There are three main types of neurons: sensory, motor, and relay neurons. - Reflex actions are automatic responses to stimuli that occur without thought, such as withdrawing your hand from something hot. - A synapse is the junction between neurons, consisting of a gap called the synaptic cleft across which neurotransmitters carry signals. - Sense organs are structures that receive stimuli and initiate sensory nerve fiber excitation, such as

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Йордан Байчев
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222 views10 pages

Coordination and Response: IGCSE Biology Workbook

The document provides information about coordination and response in biology, including: - Nerve impulses are electrical signals transmitted along nerve fibers that make up the nervous system. - The central nervous system (CNS) in humans consists of the brain, spinal cord, and controls coordination. - There are three main types of neurons: sensory, motor, and relay neurons. - Reflex actions are automatic responses to stimuli that occur without thought, such as withdrawing your hand from something hot. - A synapse is the junction between neurons, consisting of a gap called the synaptic cleft across which neurotransmitters carry signals. - Sense organs are structures that receive stimuli and initiate sensory nerve fiber excitation, such as

Uploaded by

Йордан Байчев
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE Biology Workbook

14. Coordination and Response


14.1.1 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
What are nerve impulses?
The nervous system works by sending electrical impulses along nerves. Nerve impulses is
a signal transmitted along a nerve fibre.

The central nervous system in humans consists of the brain, spinal cord and what else?
I don’t know. I can say that the CNS controls the coordination.

What is the function of the central nervous system?


controls the coordination.

The following diagram shows the three main types of neurons. Write their names on the lines below.

…relay……………… ……sensory…… ……motor……………….

Part A: The Nervous System


For the following example, state the sensor and effector:

Example Sensor(s) Effector(s)


Touching something cold and Skin Muscle
moving your hand away

Seeing a bright light and Eyes eyelid


closing your eyes

Hearing a crash and turning Brain muscles


your head to find where it
came from

Hearing unpleasant sound and Ears muscles


pressing the “mute” button

Describe, with examples, the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions.

What is a reflex action?

reflex action is an automatic response to a


stimulus.It provides a means of rapidly integrating
and coordinating a stimulus with the response of an
effector (a muscle or a gland) without the need for
thought or a decision.
Draw a flow diagram to represent a reflex arc

Give 2 examples of when a reflex action may occur


When you touch something hot like glass.
Another example is

14.1.2 SYNAPSES
What is a synapse?
Synapse is a junction between two neurons consisting of a gap across which impulses
pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
Label the parts of the synapse below:

A…nerve impulse………

B…vesicle………

C……neutransmitter……

D receptor…………

E Synaptic gap…………

F…presynaptic gap………

G postynaptic neuron…………

Describe how a signal is transmitted across a synapse

Explain how a recreational drug such as heroin can affect nerve impulses
Heroin block the receptors and you feel very relaxed
14.2 SENSE ORGANS
Define “sense organ”
structure that receives a stimulus and is affected in such a manner as to initiate excitation of
associated sensory nerve fibers

The following diagram presents the parts of the human eye.

Letter Name Function

A cornea

B pupil

Fill in C iris the


table

D lens

E retina

F Optic nerve

below.
Next to each letter write the name of the corresponding part of the eye and describe its function.
Explain how the dilation (getting larger) and constriction (getting smaller) of the pupil is controlled.

Compare and contrast rod and cone cells (a table might help)

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