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Limit Tests: Aim: Forms of Chlorides: Apparatus Required

This document describes a limit test for chlorides in medicinal products. The test involves adding a sample solution to one cylinder and a standard NaCl solution to another. Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to both cylinders, which causes any chloride ions to precipitate as silver chloride and create turbidity. By comparing the turbidity of the sample and standard solutions, the test determines if the sample passes or fails the limit for chloride content. The test is based on the reaction of chloride ions with silver nitrate to form an insoluble silver chloride precipitate in acidic conditions.

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Hakka Marwadi
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499 views2 pages

Limit Tests: Aim: Forms of Chlorides: Apparatus Required

This document describes a limit test for chlorides in medicinal products. The test involves adding a sample solution to one cylinder and a standard NaCl solution to another. Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to both cylinders, which causes any chloride ions to precipitate as silver chloride and create turbidity. By comparing the turbidity of the sample and standard solutions, the test determines if the sample passes or fails the limit for chloride content. The test is based on the reaction of chloride ions with silver nitrate to form an insoluble silver chloride precipitate in acidic conditions.

Uploaded by

Hakka Marwadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I (PRACTICAL)

Dr. SULTAN ALKALEH


LIMIT TESTS
1- LIMIT TEST FOR CHLORIDES (Cl-1) LECTURE: 1
Aim:
To detect chloride ions in some medicines products in the Yemeni marketing.

Forms of Chlorides:
-Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sodium carbonate,………..etc.

Apparatus Required
Glass cylinders 50ml: 2
Glass rod: 2
Stand: bench.
Chemicals Required
Dilute Nitric acid (10% w/w): 20ml. (by using equation of N1XV1 = N2 X V2)
Silver nitrate solution(5% w/v in D.W): 2ml. (Dissolve 0.1g of AgNO3 in 2ml
of D.W)
Sample: Unknown: ………………………… known: ……………………………
Principle
The limit test for chlorides is based on its precipitation with silver nitrate in the
presence of dilute HNO3, and comparing the opalescence produced due to the
formation of AgCl with a standard opalescence achieved with a known quantity of
Cl– ions.
The equation may be expressed as :

NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl  + NaNO3


Procedure
Take two 50 ml Nessler Cylinders. Label one as “Test” and the other as ‘Standard’.
Test Standard
 Dissolve the specified quantity of the Place 1ml of 0.05845% w/v solution of
substance in distilled water and NaCl and transfer to Nessler cylinder.
transfer to Nessler cylinder.
Add 10 ml of dil. HNO3. (Nitric acid). Add 10 ml of dil. HNO3. (Nitric acid).
Dilute to 50ml with water in nessler Dilute to 50ml with water in nessler
cylinder. cylinder.
Add 1 ml of silver nitrate Add 1 ml of silver nitrate
solution(AgNo3). solution(AgNo3).
Stir immediately with glass rod and allow Stir immediately with a glass rod and
to stand for 5 minutes. allow to stand for 5 minutes.
 Observe the Opalescence/ Turbidity.  Observe the Opalescence/ Turbidity.
The turbidity produced is not greater than the standard turbidity, when viewed
transversely.
Note: (Extent of turbidity depends upon the amount of chloride
present).

Observation:

2nd Diploma & 4th Bachelor (Pharmacy) 1 ALJAZEERA


UNIVERSITY – IBB - YEMEN
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I (PRACTICAL)
Dr. SULTAN ALKALEH
The opalegecence produce in sample solution should not be greater than standard
solution. Then, the sample will pass the limit test of chloride and visa versa.

Reasons:
Nitric acid is added in the limit test of chloride to make solution acidic and helps
silver chloride precipitate to make solution turbid at the end of process.

2nd Diploma & 4th Bachelor (Pharmacy) 2 ALJAZEERA


UNIVERSITY – IBB - YEMEN

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