Unit 1: On Studying Rizal, Rizal in the Context of the 19 Century, 

th

Rizal’s Family, Childhood and Education 

Name: Jomar L. Modesto Course: BAPOS AP1-1 A. Studying Rizal: R.A.

1425  

Engage 

For pre-assessment purposes, it is required that the following be appropriately  answered, but your
scores will not be counted towards the final grade:  

1. In 2-3 statements, why do you think students in the tertiary level are required to  study the life
and works of Rizal? Write/type your answer on the space provided below:  

The republic Act 1425 (otherwise known as the Rizal law) mandates the teaching  of life and
works of Rizal, to give courses about Rizal to all educational bodies in the  Philippines. Rizal’s life and
works are important to study because of his contributions to  the Philippines’ independence. It was our
passage from the past that enabled us to  attain freedom that were enjoying right now.  

2. In 2-3 statements, how are you going to respond to this requirement and why? Write/type your
answer on the space provided below:  

As a student, Rizal course is very important not just it is mandated, but because  studying his
life really benefited us and teach us a lot of lessons that we as a Filipino  should possess and live with.
Therefore all of Rizal’s opinions, beliefs, values and  convictions, which he shared with us, should not
only remain as part of our  understanding, but also it must be followed and put it into action as we go on
a  journey. Hence, his works allowed us to see a broader picture of how should a Filipino  moved and
fought for the independence of our own country.
3. What do you think is the relevance of the study about Rizal to your present  interest such as in
expressing your freedom through your social media account? Limit  statements to 7 only.  
The Philippines is a democratic and republican state, sovereignty resides in the  people, and all
government authorities emanates from them (Art. 2 sec. 1, 1987  Philippine Constitution) Amongst all
power in the state the people are the most  prominent one. However, many may use this as an alternative
in a bad way. Even  though we have the power to express our thoughts especially in social media it
doesn’t  mean that we should share and post false info’s, biases reports, and so on. We must be  mindful
of our doings “Think before you click”. While we may use this as a driving force  against bad
government practices and abuse. Hence, studying Rizal open up our  minds and to look at a bigger
picture in protecting ourselves against false alert issues,  and to express our freedom of speech in a right
and relevant one. 

Elaborate 
You are required to answer the items below for self-assessment purposes. Your scores will  not be
counted towards the final grade:  
1. Why do you think R.A. 1425 must be considered relevant until the early 21 Century?  Write at
st

least 3 reasons.  
1) Moral character – Rizal’s works can influence a person to choose what is morally  right by acting
with discipline, and to function as citizen who values co-existence and  social responsibility in
society. 

2) Patriotism – The law also comes with the premise that Rizal lived a life dedicated to  the country,
and that his works are for the benefit of the country. Patriotism is  generally defined as devotion to
one’s country.
3) Civic Conscience – The work of Rizal opens our minds and makes us aware of our  country.

1. What are some social problems apparently present in the Philippine in the 19th  century which
are still persisting until today? Write at least 5 and rationalize why they  linger in Philippine
society until today.
Social Problems  Reason

1) Abuse by These are not only present in past, but also in the modern  world, politicians
those in  Power or those in power use their position in  obtaining their desire for the sake of
their own interest and  leaving its constituents behind.

2) Racial Filipinos are treated differently. Racism, diverse shame, and  hierarchies
Discrimination  these problems have been ghosting us since late  19’s up until now.

3) Poverty  Poverty is a complex problem. There are so many causes  such as: lack of
jobs, economic poverty, over population  and climate change. It is inevitable,
and it’s not only present  the Philippines, but it’s rampant across nations.

4) Corruption  Corruption is a crime (UN, 2015) it is not only present before,  but up until
now it is a greatest obstacle to economic and  social development around the
world. It steals money from  the country and makes the government weak so
as the  state.
 5) Lack of Major effects of Lack of education include: poor health,  lack of voice,
Education  shorter lifespan, unemployment, exploitation  and gender inequality (Dr.
Drew, 2020) Therefore, a lot of  people in the past didn’t finish their studies
and resulted to  an increase of poverty rate in the country.

Evaluate 

You are required to accomplish the following task below. The score will be  counted towards
the final grade:  

Activity 1  

Compare and contrast the subject, Life and Works of Rizal versus any other subject  under social science
or political science. 
Readings in Rizal’s Life and Works  Other social science subject

History may be ignored at some point of  our lives; Among the rise of philosophy there had  been
but we cannot deny the fact  that it brought changes a lot of studies that transcends,  each of these
to the world we  are currently living. Rizal at his concepts have unique  traits that was develop
time  showed that fighting with might is never  time after time.  Studying social sciences we
about a sword, but with pure wisdom. He  thought can clearly  see that it tackles the human
us the importance of "Patriotism"  and behavior in  general; it provides adequate
"Nationalism" - the love for our country and the study of  how human beings should react and
need to fight for it - a  character that a citizen act  on a certain event of their lives; more on 
(Filipino) of a  country should possessed. Hence, like knowing History- through Social 
Rizal's  Life's and Works established a great  Science, studies of various groups 
relevance towards our country's  colonization for us concerning our past is made possible  and
to be decolonized. It  serves to safeguard our thus each factor through our own  perspective
freedom,  acknowledging our rights and promote  can be classified as a  Rational Choice a
social behavior that should be common  among medium on how we  act on maximizing our
every citizen of the country. utility and  independently trying to presume
the  human past behavior adopted  nowadays
by trying to connect our  history to these
recent times.
Activity 2  

Cite at least 5 important government roles in education such as that of the two  prominent institutions
thereof (executive and the legislative) and give your own reason. 
Government Roles in Education  Reason

1.) The state shall Establish,  maintain, and Republic Act No. 10533 provides the Department
support a  complete, adequate, and  integrated of  Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher 
system of education  relevant to the needs of Education (CHED), and the Technical Education 
the  people and society. (Article XIV  sec.2 and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
par. 1) These  does helps enhancing the Philippine basic 
Education System for maintaining and supporting 
educational relevant in the needs of the people  and
society.

2.) Establish and maintain a  system of free It is the right of all people to a quality basic 
public education  in the elementary and high  education and to make such education available  to
school levels. Without limiting  the natural all by offering free and compulsory elementary 
rights of parents to  rear their children, education to all Filipino children and free
elementary  education is compulsory for all  secondary  school education. 
children of school age. (Article XIV sec.2 par.
2)

3.) Establish and maintain a  system of Because of the increased of poverty in the
scholarship grants,  student loan programs,  country  lot of students who can’t afford in
subsidies, and other incentives  which shall be schooling  probably just want to drop out.
available to  deserving students in both  public Therefore, the  government provides scholarship
and private schools,  especially to the under for deserving  students, it helps them to achieve
privileged. (Article XIV sec.2  par. 3) their desired  dream and reaching their fullest
potentials and it  doesn’t only provide financial
support for students’  educations, but they are also
an investment in their  futures.

4.) Encourage non-formal, informal, and Republic Act 9115 provides Alternative Learning 
indigenous  learning systems, as well as self System (ALS) for a viable alternative to the
learning, independent, and  out-of-school study existing  formal education instruction and
programs  compasses both  the non-formal and informal
sources of knowledge  and skills. Albeit to the
students who doesn’t have or 
particularly those that respond  to cannot access formal education in schools.
community needs. (Article XIV sec.2
par. 4)

5.) Provide adult citizens, the  disabled Technical Educational and Skills Development  Authority
and out-of-school youth with training (TESDA) provides hands-on training or  online instruction.
in civics,  vocational efficiency, and  It aims to help individuals in  developing their skills
other skills. (Article XIV sec.2 par.  5) through a rigorous training  program that will boost their
chances of  employability. (Biliran, 2017)
 Unit 1: On Studying Rizal, Rizal in the Context of the 19 Century,  th

Rizal’s Family, Childhood and Education 

Name: Jomar L. Modesto Course: BAPOS AP1-1 B. Rizal in the Context

of the 19th Century  

Engage 
For pre-assessment purposes, the following will be required to be appropriately  answered, but your
scores will not be counted towards the final grade:  

1. In 2-3 statements, based on your own understanding, how will you compare and  contrast the
life of a Filipino in the 19 century and your life today? Write/type your  answer on the space
th

provided below:  

The Filipinos were blindly victims of the Spaniards’ unfair, biased and declining  dominance in
the 19 century. We are really fortunate in today’s time because our  rights are being acknowledged,
th

unlike before every Filipino was denied human rights.  Moreover, historically, there was weak
administration of justice were notoriously corrupt,  unlike today where we have a fair system of justice. 

2. In 2-3 statements, What do you think is the best thing that you can do to make a  difference in
your present condition especially in politics? Write/type your answer on  the space provided
below:  

As a student of political science, Reading articles is pretty evident to know that  everything that
is happening to our nation needs to be addressed. We/I need to raise a voice in order to make a stand, I
would like to use social media as a platform to  influence my fellow Filipino youth to make a difference,
Since that most of us are not  interested to what is happening in our nation today, I would like to serve as
an example  to them to be critically observant and be committed to analyzing hoax and become
objective at all sorts of things. What I mean is that we need to look at a bigger picture  and a new angle I
presume, rather than just easily believing on what we see on social  media. Hence, by doing so, as a
political science student I do believe that making a  simple steps on making a stand would somehow
show light and make a difference.
Evaluate 
You are required to accomplish the following task below. The score will be  counted towards the
final grade:  

Activity 1  
 Compare the government situation in 19th century versus the contemporary  government in the
Philippines. Cite only two. 
19 Century Government 
th
Contemporary Government

❖ The government System of the  Philippines in the ❖ The government of the Philippines 
19 Century Has  two chambers these includes:  
th
comprises of three branches these 
includes: 
1. Central Government  
⮚ The King of Spain entrusted the  colony to 1. Legislative Department  
the governor  ⮚ This branch has the power to  make
general, who had the highest   enact, revise, repeal,  
position in the government.   amend or modify laws. 
⮚ He had the power to appoint  and dismiss ⮚ This is vested in the congress of  the
public officials,   Philippines which consist of  
except those personally   a Senate composed of (24)  
chosen by the King.  Senators and a House of  
⮚ He also supervised all  government offices representatives composed of  
and   not more than (253) members. 
collection of taxes. 
 (Art. VI, 1987 Philippine  Constitution.) 
⮚ The governor general also  exercised certain
legislative   2. The Executive Department 
powers.  ⮚ This branch which has the  power to
execute, enforce or  
2. Local Government  administer the laws. 
⮚ There are two types of local  government ⮚ This is vested in the President of  the
units.  Philippines and he is also  
⮚ First, the alcadia, headed by  alcalde mayor, the head of the state, head of  
ruled the   government/chief executive,  
provinces which had been fully   and the commander-in-chief  
subjugated: the corregimiento,   of the Armed forces of the  
headed by the Corregidor,   Philippines. 
ruled the provinces which were  
 (Art. VII, 1987 Philippine Constitution.) 
not yet totally under Spanish  
control.  3. The Judiciary Department 
⮚ Second, Alcalde Mayors  represented by the ⮚ This branch which has the  power
Spanish  to interpret the laws.
 King and the Governor General   ⮚ The judicial power is vested in  one
to control the provincial   Supreme Court and in  
government’s day to day   such lower courts as may be  
affairs, enforced legislation and   established by law. 
oversaw the collection of  
 (Art. VII, 1987 Philippine  Constitution.) 
taxes. 
- The prime duty of the government is  to serve
- With the cooperation of local  governments and protect the people,  also the
the central  government maintained peace  maintenance of peace  and order, the
and order, collected taxes and built  schools protection of life,  liberty, and property,
and other public works.  and  promotion of the general welfare  are
essential for the enjoyment by  all the
(Philipine-history.org, 2005-2020)  people of the blessings of  democracy. (Art.
II, par. 4-5, 1987  Philippine Constitution.) 
❖ The Contemporary government is 
❖ The past 19 century government  had been
th
independent and democratic and  ruled by the
governed by the colonizers  not by the Filipino Filipino’s itself. Therefore, it  is systematic,
itself. Therefore, it is  violent and chaotic, it is well-controlled, voices of  the people are
not a  democratic and it has unequal rights  essential and hearable  in the state, human
and the Catholic Church or the priest  played rights is a must, and  also there’s a separation
an important role in the  governance and of the  government and religious beliefs.
respected like higher  authorities.
 Unit 1: On Studying Rizal, Rizal in the Context of the 19 Century,  th

Rizal’s Family, Childhood and Education 

Name: Jomar L. Modesto Course: BAPOS AP1-1 

C. Rizal’s Family, Childhood and Early Education  

Engage 
For pre-assessment purposes, it is required that the following be appropriately  answered,
however, your scores will not be counted towards the final grade:  
1. Based on your own understanding, what external factors in one’s family,  childhood
and education affect his/her early moral and political consciousness?  Enumerate at least 5
of them on the space provided below. State your reason:
Factors  Reason

1) Social  Through socialization we meet different people with  different

perspective, new knowledge whether it is  good or bad. Now the
biggest people in our life that are  going to impact this would be our
friends, family, people  that were close with but also people who we’ve
never met  before can change and influence us.

2) Religion  Religious beliefs molds us, on how should we act as  believers of
our gods, and it teaches us what should  the right thing to do or from
what is good or bad.

3) Environment  It makes us aware of how rich and poor our society,  and how dirty
and neat it is. It helps us to think  objectively that there are a lot of
things that we can  do to help our environment.

4) Culture  We’ve different cultures, beliefs that mold our  behavior or how
should we act in a certain events.

5)Knowledge &  We gain knowledge through experience; this helped  us to realize

experience that the negative things that have  happened in the past can never
happen in the future again.

Evaluate 
Activity 1  
Cite at least 5 significant instances that have probably shaped the political mind  of Rizal during
his early childhood. Justify your answer. 
Significant Instances  Justification

1) The GOMBURZA   The execution of GOMBURZA clearly represents the  dark

(Mariano Gomez, Jose  side conqueror’s (Spaniards). Therefore, at a  young age,
Burgos, and Jacinto  Rizal already saw the injustice ruling in  his country; also
Zamora) Burgos is a friend of his brother. Rizal  dedicated his famous
work El Filibusterismo to the  priests, showing the desire in
his words on how he  hates the injustices of the colonizers in
the  Philippines. 

2) His mother “Teodora  His mother got arrested for allegedly poisoning her  own
Alonso Realonda” got  brother without evidences. Rizal loves his  mother so much
arrested that’s why it affected him a lot.  That event would truly
flame up his hearth about  the injustices ruling of the
government.

3) Spanish Colonial   This would be the reason why Rizal is an activist. It  was
abuse to the Filipinos. painful for Filipinos to be chained for almost  three hundred
thirty-three (333) years and Rizal also  experienced those
hells-like abuses. It is present in  all aspect of the
community, schools, and workers.  Injustices is inevitable
and rampant for the Filipino’s  in the colonize era.

4) Love in country   In an early age, he already witnessed of the  injustices,

(Patriotism) abuse, fraud, mistreatment of the Spanish  colonizers to the
Filipino’s. Rizal considered being  patriotic for the love of
his country the Philippines.  This would be the reason why
he wanted us to be  free from the colonizers.

5) Bad government  The colonizers didn’t care about Filipinos that day 
especially to the poor ones. The manipulative ruling  and
injustices to the Filipinos is rampant and  abusive. That’s
why Rizal wanted to reform and  change the government
system of the oppressive  colonizers.
Activity 2  
Do you believe that said instances you have cited above could also be considered  potential factors in
shaping the political mind of the young individuals in today’s  generation? Justify your argument.
Limit your answer to at least 3 to 4 sentences only.  
Things that have been cited above can be factors that we can consider to   shape an individual's
young mind to think politically in today's generation. Ergo,  knowing our history of how we are
colonized and abused by foreigners will teach them  that manipulation of one's thoughts and beliefs is
used for self-interest only thus on  political sense a Young's mind can ponder to compare the
government they have now  to the past government brought by the colonizers; analyzing the good nor
the bad in  every situation. Hence, with the Gomburza, a young mind can politically analyzed that  there
is an essential trait that a certain organization possessed , They will know that   there is a power between
the separation of state and religion; that one can have their  own choice on what and whom to believe. In
addition, the Arrest Of Rizal's mother can  be crucial to their young minds knowing that a citizen
nowadays have the right to  defend themselves and not be driven by force without the warrant of arrest
and  exercising due process, Lastly, for being Patriotic which will fall down on fighting our  country's
right and jurisdiction, knowing that as a citizen of a country you are hereby  directed to serve and protect
it at all cost. Therefore, these 5 instances I have  mentioned can mold a young mind politically to be able
to discern that no one should  be abuse and that we should have equal opportunities for the welfare of
all.