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    Integrated Science Notes Ch8 Electric

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    Angel Li
    This document discusses electricity and electric circuits. It explains that for electricity to flow there must be a complete circuit with a power source, conducting materials like wires, and a device to use the electricity. It describes the basic components of circuits including sources like batteries and cells, conducting wires, and devices like light bulbs. It also discusses concepts like voltage, current, and resistance and how they relate to the flow of electricity in a circuit.

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    Integrated Science Notes Ch8 Electric

    Uploaded by

    Angel Li
    534 views3 pages
    This document discusses electricity and electric circuits. It explains that for electricity to flow there must be a complete circuit with a power source, conducting materials like wires, and a device to use the electricity. It describes the basic components of circuits including sources like batteries and cells, conducting wires, and devices like light bulbs. It also discusses concepts like voltage, current, and resistance and how they relate to the flow of electricity in a circuit.

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    This document discusses electricity and electric circuits. It explains that for electricity to flow there must be a complete circuit with a power source, conducting materials like wires, and a device to use the electricity. It describes the basic components of circuits including sources like batteries and cells, conducting wires, and devices like light bulbs. It also discusses concepts like voltage, current, and resistance and how they relate to the flow of electricity in a circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    534 views3 pages

    Integrated Science Notes Ch8 Electric

    Uploaded by

    Angel Li
    This document discusses electricity and electric circuits. It explains that for electricity to flow there must be a complete circuit with a power source, conducting materials like wires, and a device to use the electricity. It describes the basic components of circuits including sources like batteries and cells, conducting wires, and devices like light bulbs. It also discusses concepts like voltage, current, and resistance and how they relate to the flow of electricity in a circuit.

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    Ch 8 the electricity

    8.1

    Conditions needed for electricity to flow:


    · be connected to a source of electricity
    · a complete path for electricity to flow (one end to one end)
    → the path is called an electric circuit

    Three basic components:


    · source of electricity and electrical energy
    - electric cell
    - main socket
    · device using electrical energy
    - light bulb
    - fan
    · wire connecting different parts of the circuit
    - electric wire

    The bulb lights up:


    → there is a source of electrical energy (an electric cell)
    → there is a complete path for electricity to flow from one end of
    the electric cell to the other
    → here form a closed circuit
    ***if there is a gap in the circuit, the energy cannot flow→ opened
    circuit

    When the electricity flows through the circuit:


    → Chemical energy in the electric cell
    → electrical energy
    → light energy and thermal energy released by the light bulb

    Dangerous circuit:
    · never connect a circuit that does not include any devices using electrical energy
    · the circuit would overheat
    → would cause danger
    Test if the object allows electricity to flow:
    · if the object allows electricity to go through
    · the light bulb will light up
    → all the object made up of metal can
    conduct electricity

    8.3-8.4

    different materials:
    · electrical conductors
    → materials that allow electricity to flow through them
    → metals such as copper, aluminium and iron = good electrical conductors
    → electric wire usually made of copper
    → overhead power lines made of aluminium
    → non-metal such as graphite can also conduct electricity but only weakly
    · electrical insulators
    → materials that do not allow electricity to flow through them
    → plastic, glass, wood, rubber
    → to prevent us getting an electric shock

    Switch:
    · used to open or close a circuit
    · here shown the path of electricity flow through the switch

    electron:
    · each atom has a nucleus surrounded by tiny electron
    · in metals, some of the electron can escape from the
    atoms and move freely
    → delocalized electrons / mobile electrons

    when a closed circuit is formed:


    → the mobile electrons are flowing in all directions
    → they are flowing from the negative pole to the positive
    pole
    → the flow of mobile electron forms an electric current
    electric current:
    · conventional electric current
    - flow of positive charges
    - from the positive pole to the negative pole

    · actual electric current


    - a flow of mobile electrons
    - from the negative pole to the positive pole

    electric current:
    · means the number of mobile electrons that flow through a point every second
    · use ammeter (1A/5A) to measure the size of an electric current
    · unit of an electric current is ampere (A)
    · An ammeter has a positive terminal (red) and a negative terminal (black)
    · should flow into the ammeter at its positive terminal and leaves from its negative terminal
    → in a second, the more mobile electrons flowing through it, the larger the electric current
    → the more the dry cells, the larger the electric current

    Voltage:
    · measure of the amount of energy supplied to the mobile electrons by a source of electricity
    · use voltmeter (5V/15V) to measure the voltage
    · unit of voltage is volt (V)
    → an electric cell with a higher voltage supplies more energy to the mobile electron in the circuit
    → the total voltage across the connected cells is the sum of the voltages of all the electric cells
    → the higher the voltage, the larger the electric current

    8.5

    Resistance:
    · measures the opposition of the material to the flow of the electric current
    · unit of resistance is ohm (Ω)
    → conductor have low resistance while insulators have very high resistance
    → when the resistance of a circuit is higher, the current will be smaller
    → the thinner the wire, the higher the resistance
    → the loner the wire, the higher the resistance

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