What Is The Difference Between Management and Leadership
What Is The Difference Between Management and Leadership
Adapted from the upcoming “The Wall Street Journal Guide to Management” by Alan Murray, published
by Harper Business. (For classroom use only; do not copy or distribute.)
Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They are not the same thing. But they are
necessarily linked, and complementary. Any effort to separate the two is likely to cause more problems
than it solves.
Still, much ink has been spent delineating the differences. The manager’s job is to plan, organize and
coordinate. The leader’s job is to inspire and motivate. In his 1989 book “On Becoming a Leader,”
Warren Bennis composed a list of the differences:
– The manager focuses on systems and structure; the leader focuses on people.
– The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective.
– The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why.
– The manager has his or her eye always on the bottom line; the leader’s eye is on the horizon.
– The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it.
– The manager is the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person.
– The manager does things right; the leader does the right thing.
Perhaps there was a time when the calling of the manager and that of the leader could be separated. A
foreman in an industrial-era factory probably didn’t have to give much thought to what he was
producing or to the people who were producing it. His or her job was to follow orders, organize the
work, assign the right people to the necessary tasks, coordinate the results, and ensure the job got done
as ordered. The focus was on efficiency.
1
But in the new economy, where value comes increasingly from the knowledge of people, and where
workers are no longer undifferentiated cogs in an industrial machine, management and leadership are
not easily separated. People look to their managers, not just to assign them a task, but to define for
them a purpose. And managers must organize workers, not just to maximize efficiency, but to nurture
skills, develop talent and inspire results.
The late management guru Peter Drucker was one of the first to recognize this truth, as he was to
recognize so many other management truths. He identified the emergence of the “knowledge worker,”
and the profound differences that would cause in the way business was organized.
With the rise of the knowledge worker, “one does not ‘manage’ people,” Mr. Drucker wrote. “The task is
to lead people. And the goal is to make productive the specific strengths and knowledge of every
individual.”