JAGADGURU DATTATRAY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

VILL-SINHASA,DHAR ROAD,INDORE

MINOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON

“QUIZZ BASED BUZZUR”
GUIDED BY:- SUBMITTED BY:-
CONTENT:-
1.Title
2.Team
3.Aim
4.Technichal Detail
5.Parts Required
6.Parts description
7.Block Diagram
8.Innovation and usefulness
9.Current status and development
10.Market potential and competitviness
TITLE:- “FASTEST FINGURE FIRST”
TEAM:-
Team details:
Total team strength: 4
Total number of modules: 4
The team would be divided to work on each module. Each of the team
members will play separate roles during the development of their modules.
They would acts as leads, team members and QA person for different
sections of the module. Once they code their modules they will be
responsible as a team in performing integration with other modules
developed in parallel by other teams. During this process they will be
performing integration testing to make sure that all the modules get
plugged in properly. After the integration is performed successfully the
complete team as a whole would be responsible for deploying the system
on UAT server , staging server and finally on the production server. At
each step of deployment a regression testing phase will be undertaken to
make sure that the functionality is working properly.

AIM:-
Quiz Project

This project can be used for a quiz with up to 2 contestants (or teams). Each
contestant has a trigger pushswitch and LED. When a trigger switch is pressed it
lights the corresponding LED, sounds the bleeper and prevents the other trigger
switches from working - therefore showing which contestant was the first topress
their switch. A reset push-switch (operated by the quizmaster) cancels the
bleeper and switches offthe LED so the circuit is ready for the next question .
TECHNICHAL DETAILS:-
Take great care to arrange the parts correctly on the compact stripboard
layout. The LEDs are shown mounted directly on the stripboard but you
may prefer to mount them on a box using short wires. Thetrigger
switches need long cables of about 2 metres so they can be held by, or
placed near, the contestants.

The circuit consists of two 555 timer bistables which are triggered or
reset when their inputs are low.Their reset inputs are connected together
and operated by a single reset push-switch. The trigger switches are
connected to the bistable trigger (pin 2) through a 0.1μF capacitor so that
only the initial press triggers.

The bistable; continuing to hold the switch closed will have no effect.
Connecting the switch directly tothe bistable would prevent the
quizmaster from resetting the circuit until the trigger switch was
releasedand trials showed that many contestants kept the switch pressed
until asked to give their answer! Whentriggered the bistable output (pin
3) lights an LED and makes the ‘trigger line’ high - this prevents
anyother bistable being triggered and sounds the bleeper. A diode is
used to link the output to the trigger line.
Parts Required
resistors: 470 ×4, 1k ×2, 10k ×8 • 555 timer ICs (such as NE555) ×2

• capacitors: 0.1μF ×4, 1μF radial • 8-pin DIL sockets for ICs ×4

• diodes: 1N4148 ×4 • on/off switch

• battery clip for 9V PP3 • push-switch ×5

• bleeper suitable for 3 to 6V • LEDs: 1 each red, green, yellow, blue, all
5mm

• stripboard: 10 rows × 50 holes • 2-core cable (eg ‘figure 8’) about 8

metres
555 Timer Circuits
A popular version is the NE555 and this is suitable in most cases where a '555
timer' is specified. The 556 is a dual version of the 555 housed in a 14-pin
package, the two timers (A and B) share the same power supply pins. The
circuit diagrams on this page show a 555, but they could all be adapted to use
one half of a 556.

Low power versions of the 555 are made, such as the ICM7555, but these
should only be used when specified (to increase battery life) because their
maximum output current of about 20mA (with a 9V supply) is too low for many
standard 555 circuits. The ICM7555 has the same pin arrangement as a
standard 555.

The 555 and 556 can be used with a supply voltage (Vs) in the range 4.5 to
15V (18V absolute maximum).

Standard 555 and 556 ICs create a significant 'glitch' on the supply when their
output changes state. This is rarely a problem in simple circuits with no other
ICs, but in more complex circuits a smoothing capacitor (eg 100µF) should
be connected across the +Vs and 0V supply near the 555 or 556.

The input and output pin functions are described briefly below and there are
fuller explanations covering the various circuits:

 Astable - producing a square wave

 Monostable - producing a single pulse when triggered
 Bistable - a simple memory which can be set and reset
 Buffer - an inverting buffer (Schmitt trigger)
Inputs of 555/556
Trigger input: when < 1/3 Vs ('active low')
this makes the output high (+Vs). It
monitors the discharging of the timing
capacitor in an astable circuit. It has a high
input impedance > 2M .

Threshold input: when > 2/3 Vs ('active

high') this makes the output low (0V)*. It
monitors the charging of the timing
capacitor in astable and monostable circuits. It has a high input impedance
> 10M . 
* providing the trigger input is > 1/3 Vs, otherwise the trigger input will override the
threshold input and hold the output high (+Vs).

Reset input: when less than about 0.7V ('active low') this makes the output
low (0V), overriding other inputs. When not required it should be connected to
+Vs. It has an input impedance of about 10k .

Control input: this can be used to adjust the threshold voltage which is set
internally to be 2/3 Vs. Usually this function is not required and the control input
is connected to 0V with a 0.01µF capacitor to eliminate electrical noise. It can
be left unconnected if noise is not a problem.

The discharge pin is not an input, but it is listed here for convenience. It is

connected to 0V when the timer output is low and is used to discharge the
timing capacitor in astable and monostable circuits. 
Output of 555/556
The output of a standard 555 or 556 can sink and
source up to 200mA. This is more than most ICs and
it is sufficient to supply many output transducers
directly, including LEDs (with a resistor in series), low
current lamps, piezo transducers, loudspeakers (with
a capacitor in series), relay coils (with diode
protection) and some motors (with diode protection).
The output voltage does not quite reach 0V and +Vs,
especially if a large current is flowing.

To switch larger currents you

can connect a transistor.

The ability to both sink and source current means

that two devices can be connected to the output so
that one is on when the output is low and the other is
on when the output is high. The top diagram shows
two LEDs connected in this way. This arrangement is
used in the Level Crossing project to make the red
LEDs flash alternately.

Loudspeakers
A loudspeaker (minimum resistance 64 ) may be capacitor (about 100µF)
must be connected in series. The output is equivalent to a steady DC of about
½Vs combined with a square wave AC (audio) signal. The capacitor blocks
the DC, but allows the AC to pass as explained in capacitor coupling.

Piezo transducers may be connected directly to the output and do not require
a capacitor in series.

Relay coils and other inductive loads

Like all ICs, the 555 and 556 must be protected from the brief high voltage
'spike' produced when an inductive load such as a relay coil is switched off.
BISTABLE MODE
• A bistable mode or what is sometimes called a FLIP- FLOP, has two
stable states, high and low.

Taking the Trigger input low makes the output of the circuit go into the high
state. Taking the Reset input low makes the output of the circuit go into the
low state

ASTABLE MODE

An astable circuit produces a 'square wave', this is a digital waveform with

sharp transitions between low (0V) and high (+Vs). Note that the durations of
the low and high states may be different. The circuit is called an astable
because it is not stable in any state: the output is continually changing
between 'low' and 'high'.

The time period (T) of the square wave is the time for one complete cycle, but
it is usually better to
consider frequency (f) which is the
number of cycles per second. 

          1.4           555 astable output, a square wave

T = 0.7 × (R1 + 2R2) × C1   and  f =  (Tm and Ts may be different)
(R1 + 2R2) × C1  

T   = time period in seconds (s) 

f    = frequency in hertz (Hz) 
R1 = resistance in ohms ( ) 
R2 = resistance in ohms ( ) 
C1 = capacitance in farads (F)

The time period can be split into two

parts: T = Tm + Ts 

555 astable circuit

 
Mark time (output high): Tm = 0.7 × (R1 + R2) × C1 
Space time (output low): Ts  = 0.7 × R2 × C1

Many circuits require Tm and Ts to be almost equal; this is achieved if R2 is

much larger than R1.

For a standard astable circuit Tm cannot be less than Ts, but this is not too
restricting because the output can both sink and source current. For example
an LED can be made to flash briefly with long gaps by connecting it (with its
resistor) between +Vs and the output. 555 astable frequencies
This way the LED is on during Ts, so
brief flashes are achieved with R1 larger R2 = 10k R2 = 100k R2 = 1M
C1
than R2, making Ts short and Tm long. If R1 = 1k R1 = 10k R1 = 100k
Tm must be less than Ts a diode can be
added to the circuit as 0.001µF 68kHz 6.8kHz 680Hz

0.01µF 6.8kHz 680Hz 68Hz

Choosing R1, R2 and C1 0.1µF 680Hz 68Hz 6.8Hz

R1 and R2 should be in the range 1k  to
1µF 68Hz 6.8Hz 0.68Hz
1M . It is best to choose C1 first
because capacitors are available in just a 0.68Hz 0.068Hz
10µF 6.8Hz
few values. (41 per min.) (4 per min.)

 Choose C1 to suit the frequency

range you require (use the table as a guide).
 Choose R2 to give the frequency (f) you require. Assume that R1 is
much smaller than R2 (so that Tm and Ts are almost equal), then you
can use: 

  0.7  
R2 = 
f × C1

 Choose R1 to be about a tenth of R2 (1k  min.) unless you want the
mark time Tm to be significantly longer than the space time Ts.
 If you wish to use a variable resistor it is best to make it R2.
 If R1 is variable it must have a fixed resistor of at least 1k  in series 
(this is not required for R2 if it is variable).
Astable operation
With the output high (+Vs) the capacitor C1 is charged by current flowing
through R1 and R2. The threshold and trigger inputs monitor the capacitor
voltage and when it reaches 2/3Vs (threshold voltage) the output becomes low
and the discharge pin is connected to 0V.

The capacitor now discharges with current flowing through R2 into the
discharge pin. When the voltage falls to 1/3Vs (trigger voltage) the output
becomes high again and the discharge pin is disconnected, allowing the
capacitor to start charging again.

This cycle repeats continuously unless the reset input is connected to 0V

which forces the output low while reset is 0V.

An astable can be used to provide the clock signal for circuits such as

counters.

A low frequency astable (< 10Hz) can be used to flash an LED on and off,

higher frequency flashes are too fast to be seen clearly. Driving a loudspeaker
or piezo transducer with a low frequency of less than 20Hz will produce a
series of 'clicks' (one for each low/high transition) and this can be used to
make a simple metronome.

An audio frequency astable (20Hz to 20kHz) can be used to produce a

sound from a loudspeaker or piezo transducer. The sound is suitable for
buzzes and beeps. The natural (resonant) frequency of most pieztransducers
is about 3kHz and this will make them produce a particularly loud sound

Duty cycle
The duty cycle of an astable circuit is the proportion of
the complete cycle for which the output is high (the
mark time). It is usually given as a percentage.
For a standard 555/556 astable circuit the mark time (Tm) must be greater
than the space time (Ts), so the duty cycle must be at least 50%:

    Tm      R1 + R2 
Duty cycle  =    = 
Tm + Ts R1 + 2R2

To achieve a duty cycle of less than

50% a diode can be added in parallel
with R2 as shown in the diagram. This
bypasses R2 during the charging (mark)
part of the cycle so that Tm depends
only on R1 and C1:
555 astable circuit with diode across R2
Tm = 0.7 × R1 × C1   (ignoring 0.7V
across diode) 
Ts  = 0.7 × R2 × C1   (unchanged)

    Tm       R1  
Duty cycle with diode  =    = 
Tm + Ts R1 + R2

Use a signal diode such as 1N4148. 

INNOVATION AND USEFULLNESS:-

In this world of reality show and game show, there is need of such
alarm which will decide the priority of buttons being pressed.So it’s
usefulness in this world is more and more.It’s market growth is more.

CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT:-

The current status of project is under development.Work has been
started on the project.We will complete it in two weeks.

MARKET POTENTIAL AND COMPETITVENESS:-

There is enough scope for such type of quizz base buzzur in the
market.With the introduction of many new game show on T.V. and in
reality show it is of great importance.This product will sure boom the
market