Arab Academy for Science and Technology & Maritime Transport

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Basic and Applied Sciences

- Rules of differentiation
- Trigonometric functions and their derivatives
- Inverse trigonometric functions and their derivatives
- Logarithmic function and its derivative
- Exponential function and its derivative
- Derivatives of Hyperbolic and inverse Hyperbolic functions
- Parametric function and its derivative
- Implicit function and its derivative
- The nth derivative
- L’Hôpital’s rule (The limit of a function)
- Maclaurin’s expansions
- Partial differentiation
- Curve sketching
- Physical application (velocity and acceleration)
-Conic sections (Parabola – Ellipse)
- Software application
Arab Academy for Science and Technology
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Basic and Applied Sciences

Syllabus for Mathematics 1 (BA123)

Text Book: Calculus,
Sherman K. Stein & Anthony Barcellos
Program title: All Programs
Coordinator: Dr. Nasser El-Maghraby (R. 222)

Week Topic Ex. In Class Assignment

Rate of change and rules of

1 Sheet 1
differentiation

Trigonometric functions and their

2 Sheet 2
derivatives

Inverse trigonometric functions

3 Sheet 3
and their derivatives

Logarithmic function and its

4 Sheet 4 Sheet 1- Sheet 2
derivative

Exponential function and its

5 Sheet 5
derivative

Derivatives of Hyperbolic and

6 Sheet 6 Sheet 4- Sheet 5
inverse Hyperbolic functions

1
 Parametric differentiation
7 and Implicit differentiation
Sheet 7

8 The nth derivative Sheet 8

The limit of a function,

9 L’Hôpital’s rule
Sheet 9 Sheet 6– Sheet 8

10 Partial differentiation Sheet 10

11 Maclaurin’s expansions Sheet 11

Curve sketching: Critical points,

12 maximum and minimum points, Sheet 12 Sheet 9–Sheet 11
inflection points.

Physical application: velocity and

13 acceleration Sheet 12

Conic section : parabola Equation,

14 vertex, focus, directrix, Sheet 13
eccentricity, graph

Conic section : ellipse Equation,

15 axes, foci, directrices, eccentricity, Sheet 13 Sheet 12– Sheet 13
graph.

2
 Sheet 1 : Basic Differentiation Rules

y = y(x) y’=dy/dx=y’(x)
1. y  k ,k: constant y '0
2. y  xk ,k is constant y '  kxk-1
3. y  f (x )  g(x) y '  f '(x )  g '(x )
4. y  kf (x ) ,k is constant y '  kf '(x )
5. y  f (x ) g (x ) y '  f (x )g '(x )  f '(x )g (x )
6. y  [f (x )]k ,k is constant y '  k [f (x )]k 1 f '(x )
7. y  f (x )/ g (x ) y '  [f '(x )g (x )  f (x )g '(x )]/ g 2 (x )

Lecture Examples

a. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y  x 4  3x 2  15x  10 2) y  ( x  1)7
1
3) y  4) y  (x 3  1)5 (2  3x 4 )7
(x 6  2)5
4/3
x 1
3  x 2 3 
5) y  6) y   4 
x 3 1  x  2 

b. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

2 5
1) y  x 
7
 x  16x  5 2) y  (2  x 3 )8
x3

4y
c. If y  (x  x  1) , Show that y ' 
2 4
x 2 1

3
 Classroom Exercises

d. Find dy/dx for each of the following

3 4
2) y  (x  1)6
4
1) y   2  6x 5  7
x x
3/ 2
 1 x 4 
3) y    4) y  x  1 (1  3x )
3 5
1 x
4

4 / 3
x 1  1 
5) y  6) y  1  
x 1  x 

e. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

x 2 1
y  (x  1) 2) y  2
3 6
1)
x 1

Homework

f. Find dy/dx for each of the following

3
1) y  x 5 4 2) y  x (1  x 4 )5
3) y  (x 2  4)6 (1  2x )7 4) y  x (1  x )
6

7/2
 x 2 4
5) y  ( 1  x ) x 1
2 5 3 4
6) y   2 
 x  2 

g. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

x 2 1
1) y  (x  1) 2) y 
3/ 2 4
x 1

4
Sheet 2 : Trigonometric Functions and their Derivatives
cos2u + sin2u = 1
1+ tan2u = sec2u y = cos u y’ = - u’ sinu
cot2u + 1 = cosec2u y = sin u y’ = u’ cosu
sin2u = 2 sinu cosu y = tan u y’ = u’ sec2u
cos2 u = cos2 u - sin2u y = cot u y’ = - u’ cosec2u
= 2 cos2u-1 y = sec u y’ = u’ sec u tan u
= 1- 2 sin2u y = cosec u y’ = - u’ cosec u cot u

Lecture Examples
a. Find dy/dx for each of the following
1) y  sin x 3 2) y  (1  cos x ) cot 2x
3 2

3 x sin 2x
3) y  x cos x  2cot x 4) y 
3 2
1  cos2 3x
sin(x  1)
5) y  sec 4x  1 6) y 
3 2
x 1
b. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following
2) y  x sec x
3 / 2
1) y  (1  cos x)
2

c. If y = a sin ct + b cos ct , where a,b and c are constants, prove that y” = -c2y

Classroom Exercises

d. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y  tan 2 (cos3 x 2 ) 2) y  x 2  1 cos3 x 2  1
1  sin 2x
3) y  x 2 sec3 x  4 cot 2 x 3 4) y 
1  cos 2x
5) y  tan 2 x  x cos3 x 6) y  x  1sin x  1

e. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

5
 sin x
1) y  x 4 (cos 2x ) 2) y 
x
Homework

f. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y  sec3 cos x 2) y  cot( x tan x )

3) y  x 3 / 2 cot x 3 4) y  cos ec 4 x 2  1
5) y  (1  sin x )3 cos x 6) y  x cos ec x

g. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

1) y  x tan x 3 2) y  sin3 x

Sheet 3: Inverse Trigonometric Functions and their Derivatives

u' u '
y  sin 1 u  y '  y  cos 1 u  y ' 
1 u 2 1 u 2
u' u '
y  tan 1 u  y '  y  cot 1 u  y ' 
1u2 1u2
u' u '
y  sec1 u  y '  y  cosec 1u  y ' 
u u2 1 u u2 1

Lecture Examples

a. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1
1) y  cos
1
2) y  ( x  4) cos ec 2 x
2
x
1
1
3) y  x (1  sec x)
3
4) y  x sin
3
x  2 cot 1 x 2
 x 1 
1 1  sin 1 x
5) y  tan   6) y 
 x 1  cos 1 x
6
  ( y 2 1)
b. If y = tan(cos -1x), Prove that y ' 
1 x 2
Classroom Exercises

c. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1 1  cos 3 x 
1) y  x tan x 2) y  cot  
 1  sin 3x 
1 cos 1 x
3) y  x sec
3
x2 4) y 
1  sin 1 x
1 1
5) y  x 2  1 sin 1 x  x cos 1 x 6) y  tan (cos x)  cot (sin x)

d. If y = cos(2sin-1x), prove that (1  x )( y' )  4(1  y )

2 2 2

Homework

e. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1
1) y  sin
1
x3 2) y  cot (cos 2x )
x 4
1  tan 1 x
3) y  cot   4) y 
x 4 1  cos 1 x
1 1  x 
5) y  x cos ec
2
x  3x sin 1 x 6) y  x sec  
3

4
d  1  x  1   d
f. Prove that  tan     
tan 1 ( x) 
dx   x  1   dx

Sheet 4 : Logarithmic Function and Its Derivatives

a
ln b  a  b  e , e  2.71828 .....,b  0
1. ln(1) = 0, ln(0) = -  , ln(e) = 1
2. ln(ab) = ln a + ln b
u'
n y  ln u  y ' 
3. ln(a ) = n ln a u

7
 4. ln (en) = n

5. ln (a/b) = ln a – ln b

Lecture Examples

a. Find dy/dx for each of the following

4
1) y  x 3 ln x 2) y  ln( x ( x  2) )
5 6

yx xy
7/2
3)  x 3 (1  x 2 )4 
4) y  ln  5
 sin x ( x  1) 

5) y  sin x  3x cos x  x (sin x )cos y  (sin y )cos x

2 x
6)

b. If y = ln(sec x + tan x) , Prove that y" = sec x tan x .

Classroom Exercises

c. Find dy/dx for each of the following

 x 3 1 
1) y  (ln x) 2) y  ln  2 
3

 x  1 
(1  x )3 tan 1 x
3) y   x ln x
4 5/ 2
4) y
x x sec x 3
2
x x (2  sin x ) x
5) y  6) y  x cos x  x sec x
x cos x (1  2lnx )5

d. If y = cos(lnx) + sin(lnx)

8
 d 2y dy
prove that x  x2
 y 0
dx 2 dx

Homework

e. Find dy/dx for each of the following

 (1  x 2 ) 5 (2  sin 1 x) 
1) y  ln(1  ln x) 2) y  ln  
 (1  ln x) (3  cos x) 
2

( x  1) 3 (1  sin x) 4 x 5 tan 1 x
3) y  4) y
x x (2  cos x) 2 (1  x)3 x

5) y  x sin x 6) y  (ln(sin x ))
cos x

Sheet 5 : Exponential Function and Its Derivative

a b
1. e e  e
a b
a b
2. e / e  e
a b

3. (e a )b  e ab y  e u  y '  u 'e u
4. e lna  a

Lecture Examples

a. Find dy/dx for each of the following

sin 1 x 1
1) y e 2) y  e tan sin x

3) y  cos3 e x
2
4) y  cos1 (1  e x )

e x  e x
5. y  cos ec 1e x  x 4 e cot x 6. y 
e x  e x

9
 e 2 x  e 2 x 8
y  2x y' 
b. If
e  e 2 x
, show that
e 2x
 e 2 x 
2 .

c. If y  tan 1 ln e tan x
, show that yy’ = 1/ 2

Classroom Exercises

d. Find dy/dx for each of the following

3 x 5 3 1(sin x 3 )
1) y x e 2) y  e ln sin
6
 e x sin x 3 
2
cos1 x
3) y = e 4) y  ln  
 (1  e )(2  x) 
x

e. If y  ln(cos x) , show that y"e  0

2 y

f. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

1) y  e 2) y  cos e
sin x 3x

Homework

g. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1

1) y  e 2) y  e
3 cos (sin x )
x

 1  e 2x  x
3) y  ln  4) y  x sec e
5
2 x 3 
 (1  e ) 
2 x
h. If y  ae  be 3x where a and b are constant
Show that

d 2 y dy
  6y  0 .
dx 2 dx
i. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following
10
 4x
1) y  e 2) y  ln(e  4)
2x

Sheet 6 : Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions and Their Inverse

e x  e x e x  e x ex  e x
sinh x  cosh x  tanh x 
2 2 ex  e x
2
cos ech x  x  x sechx  x
2 e x  e x
coth x  x
e e e  e x e  e x

cosh2 u  sinh2 u  1 sinh 2u = 2sinh u cosh u

1-tanh2 u = sec h2 u cosh 2u  cosh2 u  sinh2 u
coth2 u –1 = cosech2 u tan2u = 2 tanh u/ (1+tanh2 u)

y  sinh u  y '  u 'cosh u

u'
y  sinh 1 u  y ' 
u2 1
y  coshu  y '  u 'sinhu

y  tanhu  y '  u 'sec h 2u

u'
y  cosh 1 u  y ' 
y  cothu  y '  u 'cos ech 2u u2 1

y  sechu  y '  u 'sechu tanhu

u'
y  tanh1 u  y '  , u 1
1 u 2
y  cosechu  y '  u 'cosechu cothu

Lecture Examples

a. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y  x 4 cosh 2 x 3 2) y  tanh(x ln x)
1 2

ye c osh x 4) y  (sin 1 x )(1  cosh 1 x 2 )

3)

11
 5) y  5 x 3 tanh 1 x 2  ( x  1) 2 e cos echx 
6) y  ln  
 x3 1 

b. Show that cosh 1 x  ln( x  x 2  1

Classroom Exercises

c. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y  sinh x 3 2) y  tanh 1 (sec h2 x)

3) y  sin cosh 
1
x2 1  4) y  cosh 1 (e  x / 2 )

d. Show that
sinh 1 x  ln( x  x 2  1)

e. Solve the following equations

1  1  tanh x 
1. ecosh x
2 2. ln  5
 1  tanh x 

Homework

f. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1
1. y  x 2 coth 3 x 2. y  xe sinh x

3. y  (1  ln sec x) cosh 1 x 4. y  ln tanh 3x

5. y  sinh 1 (sin 2 x) 6. y  tanh 1 sec x

12
 f. Show that
1 1 x
tanh 1 x  ln
2 1 x
g. Solve
5coshx – 4 sinhx =3

13
 Sheet 7 : Parametric and Implicit Differentiation

Lecture Examples

a. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y  t ln t , y  lnt/t 2) x  e t cosh t , y  e t sinh t

b. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

1) x  cos ect , y  cos 2t 2) x  1  t 2 , y  sin 1 t

t t
c. If x  cos , y  sin , show that y 3 y"1  0
1 t 1 t
5
t 1  t 1 
d. If x  , y  , show that y"  30 x 7
t 1  t 1 

e. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) x3  3x 2 y4  7y2  10 2) x  cos1 y  xy
1
3) sin x  tan(xy )  5 4) y  e x  e y

Classroom Exercises

f. Find dy/dx for each of the following

3t 3t
1) x  , y 2) x  1  sin  , y  1  cos
1  t3 1  t3

g. Find d2y/dx2 for each of the following

1) x  cos   sin  , y  sin    cos 2) x  t 4  1 , y  sec1 t 2

14
 t 1 t 1
h. If x  tan , y  sec , show that y” = y -3 .
1 t 1 t

i. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) x 2 y 5  2 xy 2  7 x  12 2) x  y2  ex/ y
3) ln y  x  e y 4) y 2  sin 3 2 x  cos 3 2 y
5) x1 y  y1 x  1

Homework

j. If x  tan t  t , y  tan 3 t , Find y”.

1 1
k. If x  t   
2
, y t , Show that y” = 2.
t t2
t 1 t 1
l. If x  , y , Show that y” = 2y3 .
t 1 t 1
m. Find dy/dx for each of the following

1) y 4  4x 3 y 2  6x 2  7 2) tan 1 y  x 2  y 2
3) y  e(x  y)
3
4) cosh 1 sec y  xy 3

Sheet 8 : The nth Derivative

Lecture Examples
Find the nth derivative for the following

1) y  ln(1  3x) 2) y  sin 2 x

3) y  e (1 x ) y
2
4)
1  4x
Classroom Exercises
15
 5) x  ln(2  4x) 2x  1
6) y
x 1
y  sin 2 x x 1
7)
8) y  ln
2x  1

Homework

9) y  ln(1  2 x) y
1 x
10)
1 x
y
1 12) y  2 sin x  3 cos x
11)
x3

Sheet 9 : L’Hôpital’s Rule

Lecture Examples

2 cos x 1  cosh x
1) lim 2) lim
x  / 2 2x   x o x2
1  sin x  1  sin x x
3) lim 4) lim(1  x) tan
x o x x 1 2
lim
x cos x  tan 2 x 6) lim(cos ec  cot  )
5) x o x sec x  sin 4 x  o

 x 3 lim(cos x)1/ x

2
7) lim   8)
x   x  1  x o

Classroom Exercises

1  sin( x / 2) cot(x / 2)
1) lim 2) lim
x   x x 1
1 x
tan x  sec x  1 1  cos x
3) lim lim
x  o tan x  sec x  1 4) x 0 x2

16
 5) lim (sec x  tan x) sin 4 x  x cos x
x  / 2 6) lim
x o x sec x  tan 3 x

7) lim (cos x)1 / x  x 

x
x o lim 
8) 
x   x  1 

Homework

1  x2 sin(x 3  1)
1) lim 2) lim
x 1 sin x x 1 x 1
1 x 1 4) lim
sin 3x
3) lim 3 x  0 1  cos 4 x
x 0 1  x  1

sinh x tanh x
5) lim 6) lim
x o x x 0 x
x 2
7) lim (1  sin x)1 / x  x 
x 0 8) lim  
x   x  2 

Sheet 10 : Partial Differentiation

Lecture Examples

a. Find the first partial derivatives for each of the following

1) z  ( x 2  y) sin x3 2) z  (sin 2 y )x
y1
b. If z  tan show that
x
z z 2 z 2 z
1) x  y 1 2)  0
y x x 2 x 2
z z
c. If z  f ( x  y ) show that x
2 2
 y 0
y x

Classroom Exercises

17
 d. Find the first partial derivatives for each of the following

1) z  y 2 ( x 4  1)5  6 y 2 x 2) z  x 2 sin x  y cos( xy )

z  tan 1
y 4) z  e x / y tanh1 ( x 2  y 2 )
3)
x

1 y 2 z 2 z
e. If z  cot show that  0
x y 2 y 2
x 1 1 2 z 2 z
f. If z  tan show that 2  2  0
y 1 x y

Homework

g. Find the first partial derivatives for each of the following

1) z  x 3  3x 2 y 4  y 2 2) z  ( x  y) sin( x  y)
y
x 4) z  (1  sin y)1cos x
3) z e x ln
y
2z 2z
h. If z  ln(x 2  y2 ) show that  0
x 2 y2
1 x
i. If z  cot , show that
y
z z 2 z 2 z
1) y  x  1 and 2) 2  2  0
x y x y
Sheet 11 : Maclaurin’s Expansion

Maclaurin’s Expansion:
x x2 x3 ( x) n
f ( x)  f (0)  f ' (0)  f "(0)  f "' (0)   f ( n ) (0) 
1! 2! 3! n!

Lecture Examples

a. Find Maclaurin’s Expansion of each of the following :

18
 (1) f (x)  sin 2x
(2) f (x )  ln(2  3x ), Find approximate value to ln(2.3).
b. Using Maclaurin’s Expansion, show that
1 1
(1) e  x cos x  1  x  x 3  x 4  
3 6
cos x 1 1 2 1 3
(2) 1 x  x  x 
1 x 2 8 16

Classroom Exercises

c. Find Maclaurin’s Expansion for each of the following

1) f ( x)  cos 3x 2) f ( x) 
1
1 x
3) f ( x)  e3 x

d. Using Maclaurin’s Expansion show that :

x3 x5 ex 5 8
1) e x sin x  x  x 2    2)  1  2 x  x 2  x3  
3 30 1 x 2 3

Homework

e. Find Maclaurin’s Expansion for each of the following

1
f ( x)  2) f ( x)  cos 3x
1)
x 1
f. Using Maclaurin’s Expansion, show that

e x x 2 x3
(1)  1  
1 x 2 3
x 2 x3 x 4
(2) sinhx  coshx  1  x    
2 6 24

19
 Sheet 12 : Differentiation applications

+ ve the interval is decreasing

zero Critical point

y'

- ve the interval is decreasing

+ ve the critical point is local minimum

Critical points y'

- ve the critical point is local maximum

+ ve the interval is concave up 

zero Inflection point
y''
- ve the interval is concave down 

The equation of motion of any particle is given by:

 The displacement of the particle:

s  s (t )
 then, its velocity is given by:
ds
v 
dt
 and its acceleration is given by:
dv d 2s
a 
dt d t 2

20
 Lecture Examples

i) In each of the following curves,

1) y = x2- 4x +3 2) y = -2 x2 + 12 x +7
find
a. The critical point.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. Sketch the curve.

ii) In each of the following curves,

2) y =  x 2  9 
2
1) y = x3- 6x2 +10
find
a. The critical points.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. The inflection point.
e. The concavity of the curve.
f. Sketch the curve

iii) Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following
4
1
1) s (t )  t 3  6t 2  7 2) s (t )  t 3e t

Classroom Exercises

i) In each of the following curves,

1) y = 2x2- 8x +10 2) y = -3 x2 - 12 x
find
a. The critical point.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. Sketch the curve.

21
 ii) In each of the following curves,
1) y = 6x2 - x3 2) y = x3- 3x2 - 9x
find
g. The critical points.
h. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
i. The local maximum and minimum points.
j. The inflection point.
k. The concavity of the curve.
l. Sketch the curve.

ii) Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following
1) s (t )  sin5t  cos5t 2) s (t )  t 6 (1  ln t )4

Homework
i) In each of the following curves,
1) y = 12x- 3x2 2) y = 3 x2 - 6 x
find
a. The critical point.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. Sketch the curve.

iii) In each of the following curves,

1) y = 2x3- 12x2 +18 x 2) y = x3- 9x2+8
find
a. The critical points.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. The inflection point.
e. The concavity of the curve.
f. Sketch the curve.

iv) Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following
1  e 2t
1) s (t )  t sinh3t  cosh3t 2) s (t )  2t
e  e 2t

22
 Sheet 13 : Conic Sections

The Parabola

F
V F
V

A
D D A

F V F
V V

( y  y 0 )2  4 c ( x  x 0 ) ( x  x 0 ) 2  4c ( y  y 0 )
vertex (x 0 , y 0 ) vertex (x 0 , y 0 )
focus (x 0  c , y 0 ) focus (x 0 , y 0  c )
axis y  y0 axis x  x0
directrix x  x0  c directrix y  y 0 c
The Ellipse
23
 Major
Major
Foci Center

Minor Foci
Center
Minor

( x  x 0 )2 ( y  y 0 )2 ( x  x 0 )2 ( y  y 0 )2
 1  1
b2 a2 a2 b2
Major (2a ) x  x0 Major (2a ) y  y0
Minor (2b ) y  y0 Minor (2b ) x  x0
Center (x 0 , y 0 ) Center (x 0 , y 0 )
Foci (x 0 , y 0  c ) Foci (x 0  c , y 0 )

Lecture Examples
24
 a. Discuss and sketch the following curves:

1) x 2  2x  4 y  3  0 2) 2 y 2  4 x  4 y  14  0
3) 4 x 2  9 y 2  24 x  0 4) 2 x 2  9 y 2  8x  72 y  134  0

Classroom Exercises

b. Discuss and sketch the following curves:

1) x 2  10x  4y  13  0 2) y 2  4 x  4 y  12  0
3) x 2  4y2  2x  3  0 4) 25x 2  16y2  100x  32y  284  0

Homework
c. Discuss and sketch the following curves:

1) x 2  16 y  6 x  9  0 2) y 2  6 x  8x  15  0
3) 16 x 2  4 y 2  64 x  8 y  4  0 4) 9 x 2  16 y 2  36 x  32 y  92

25