THE CLIMATE AND WEATHER OF THE PHILIPPINES 2nd MODULE FOR 1ST QUARTER

 In this lesson, you will make a climate map of your region where you will also indicate on the
climate map the animals and plants that are present in your region.
 You will also answer these important questions: why is it important to know the climate and
seasons of the Philippines? How is climate and season associated to the location of the
country?

What kinds of plants and animals are common in your place? Draw or write
your answer inside the box. Share with a classmate what you know about
them. Include stories, you know about the particular seasons when some
plants blooms, bear fruits, and grow abundantly.

The title "Pearl of the Orient Seas" perfectly fits the Philippines. Just like a pearl, the Philippines
possesses beauty and it symbolizes wealth. It has a good climate that allows diverse plants and
animals to thrive. You will discover all these in the discussion of this lesson but before you proceed,
here are the things expected from you.

THE CLIMATE AND WEATHER OF THE PHILIPPINES

Climate refers to the long-term condition of the atmosphere in a place which may be experienced in a
span of months. Weather is the temporary condition of the atmosphere that may change anytime of
the day. For example, when you go to the school in the morning, the sky is bright and sunny but then
in the afternoon it rains. Weather condition easily changes, that is why we should always be ready.
The climate and weather conditions in the country are related to its location. The Philippines is
located near the equator that is why it receives direct sunlight throughout the year. It is one of the
tropical countries in the low latitudes. It is in between 4°23' and 21°25' North latitude, and 116°00' and
127°00' East longitude. It has two general types of climate-the dry and wet seasons. Dry season
starts from December to May-these are the most awaited months of farmers and tourists for these are
the best time for harvesting crops and traveling. Wet or rainy season is experienced during the
months of June to November. This season is favorable for the farmers because they use rainwater for
the irrigation of their crops. However, different climate types are experienced in various parts of the
country because of the following factors such as location, temperature, humidity, wind flow, and
amount of rainfall.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CLIMATE OF A COUNTRY

A. Location, Geography, and Temperature
The difference in the climate types experienced in the various parts of a country is due to the
location and geography of a place. Low lying areas such as plains experience high temperature

According to the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and

 while hilly and mountainous areas experience low temperatures because these are elevated
places. The higher the place, the colder the temperature becomes. For example, Baguio City, the
Summer Capital of the Philippines which is situated at 1,500 meters above sea level experiences
colder temperatures compared to such places as Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Tarlac, which
are situated in plains or in low lying areas.

B. Humidity
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. The high degree of humidity
experienced in the country may be attributed to our hot climate, to the surrounding water forms,
and the abundant rainfall we experience throughout the year. Because of this, the entire country
experiences a generally warm and humid climate throughout the year. Warm atmospheric
condition is experienced in the entire archipelago, because of the hot climate and high percent of
humidity

C. Wind flow
wind flow also affects the climate of the country. The Southwest Monsoon or "Habagat," Northeast
Monsoon or "Amihan," and Trade Winds all affect the country's climate types.
The Habagat or Southwest Monsoon originates from Southwest of the country and is experienced
from June to September which result in heavy rainfall.
The Amihan or Northeast Monsoon is experienced from November to February. It comes from
Siberia and blows from the northeast. This is characterized by dry and cold temperature.

On the other hand, trade winds which originate from the Pacific Ocean, is experienced in the country
from February to May

D. Amount of Rainfall
The amount of rainfall is the most important element of climate in the country. It varies in different
cities, provinces, and islands in the country. There are places that experience little or moderate
rainfall while others experience steady and heavy rainfall.
In June 2012, the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
or PAGASA launched a color-coded rainfall advisory system to warn people of possible
evacuation in case water levels rise in their communities due to heavy and intense rainfall.

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Mountain barriers affect the amount of rainfall a certain place receives. Its influence is based on
the position of the place in relation to a mountain barrier-whether it is situated in the leeward or
windward side of the mountain. Windward refers to the side of the mountain where rain falls while
leeward is the side where there is no rainfall. The interplay of leeward and windward sides is
important in places where there are mountains and mountain ranges like in Cordillera, Sierra
Madre, and Caraballo Mountain Ranges in Luzon.
Typhoons also affect the amount of rainfall in the country. On the average, 20 typhoons enter the
country every year. They are given names in alphabetical order to identify the number of typhoons
that enter the country annually. These typhoons usually originate from the Pacific Ocean and
pass-through provinces in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Information about typhoons is relayed to the public through PAGASA. It warns the public to be
prepared for the impact of the typhoon. The following are the storm warning signals:
Storm Signal Number 1: The typhoon has a wind speed of 30 to 60 kilometers per hour and is
expected within 36 hours.
Storm Signal Number 2: The typhoon has a wind speed of 61 to 120 kilometers per hour and is
expected within 24 hours.
Storm Signal Number 3: The typhoon has a wind speed of 121 to 170 kilometers per hour and is
expected within 18 hours.
Storm Signal Number 4: The typhoon has a wind speed of 171 to 220 kilometers per hour and is
expected within 12 hours.
Storm Signal Number 5: The typhoon has a wind speed of more than 220 kilometers per hour and
very heavy to widespread damage is expected.

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Name: Date Submitted: / /2021
Grade/Section: Subject: ARALING PANLIPUNAN 4

Direction:
A. identify the directions represented by each number using a compass rose.

1.

8. 2.

7. 3.

6. 4.

5.
B. Determine the territorial extend and boundaries of the Philippines on the map. Write your
answer on the lines and compare it with the absolute location of the country.

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 PLANTS AND ANIMAL SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Tropical climate is suited for domestication of animals and cultivation of crops or plants. The
Philippines is one of the fortunate countries with this kind of climate. Because of these various plants
and animals can be found in it.

PLANTS AND CROPS

The tropical climate of the country is suitable for the cultivation of different kinds of plants and trees.
There are plants that naturally grow in the country. Some of the country's major crops are palay, corn,
sugarcane, coconut, abaca, tobacco, cotton, and other fruits and vegetables. There are also
numerous trees that grow in the Philippine forests. Examples of these are narra, acacia, lauan, yakal,
molave, mahogany, and ipil-ipil. There are 3,800 kinds of trees found in the Philippine forests.
However, most of the forests in the country are destroyed by wanton illegal logging.
The country receives enough sunlight the whole year round which makes it suitable to be a home for
thousands of flowers with different colors and fragrances. Some of these are sampaguita, cadena de
amor, rose, santan, gumamela, and bougainvillea. The country is also known for its various types of
orchids. There are about a thousand varieties of orchids in the country. The most famous of them is
the waling-waling which is known as the "Queen of Orchids" in the Philippines.

Based on the study conducted by the Congress of the

Philippines, approximately 123,000 hectares of forests are
destroyed every year. Thus, there is a possibility that by year
2036, there will be no forests left in the country.

The rafflesia is one of the biggest flowers in the world with

a diameter of one foot and can be found in the forests of
the country.

Plants in the country are used as food, or raw materials for furniture, and as ornaments. Some are
also used as medicines. Some of the herbal plants are oregano, sambong, guava, ampalaya, anise,
malunggay, laurel, garlic, ginger, lagundi, alagaw, and sabila. The fruits or leaves of these plants are
used as medicines for treating of cough, diarrhea, headache, wounds, and snake bites.

Malunggay, which has many medicinal benefits, grows only in tropical

countries like the Philippines. It is known as "mothers' bestfriend" and
"miracle vegetable" as it helps improve eyesight and digestion. It is also a
good cure for stomach ache, headache, ear diseases, and asthma. The official
logo of the Food and Nutrition Research, a branch of the Department of
Science and Technology, bears the image of malunggay leaves.

Because the duration of the rainy and dry seasons in the Philippines are regular, Filipino farmers are
able to plan well for the planting season. It also helps them decide on the kinds of crops to plant for a
particular season. For example, during rainy seasons roots crops such as gabi and onions. They also
plant crops like rice and abaca which need lots of water or rain in places which experience frequent
and abundant rainfall while crops like coffee, tobacco, and sugar cane which do not need much rain
are planted in places that experience short rainy season.

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 ANIMAL SPECIES
The Philippines is a home to different kinds of animals. Its tropical climate is a favorable habitat for
animals such as carabaos, deers, cows, goats, pigs, chickens, cats, dogs, rats, and many more.
There are 332 kinds of reptiles and amphibians that can be found in the country, 215 of which are
endemic to the country. Among the animals that can only be found in the Philippines are the tamaraw
in Mindoro, mouse deer (Balabac chevrotain or pilandok) in Balabac, Palawan, and the Philippine
tarsier, one of the smallest primates in the world which can only be found in the provinces of Bohol,
Leyte, and Samar.

TAMARAW MOUSE DEER TARSIER

PHILIPPINE EAGLE REDPABOREAL

BREASTED DOVE

Many kinds of birds and butterflies can also be found in the Philippines. There are more or less 600
kinds of birds and 900 kinds of butterflies living in the country. The Haribon or the Philippine Eagle, is
one of the largest eagles in the world and is considered as the country's national bird. The most
beautiful bird in the country is the Paboreal which is found in Palawan. The red-breasted dove is also
distinct because of the red feathers in its breast. The hornbill (kalaw) has a red beak and is found in
Mindanao and some provinces in the Visayas.
Aside from birds, the country is also rich in species of fishes. There are about 2,000 kinds of fish in
the country. The butanding or whale shark (Rhincodon typus) can be found in Donsol, Sorsogon. The
sinarapan which is found in Lake Buhi in Camarines Sur is known as the smallest commercial fish in
the world. Other than fish, there are 500 to 800 species of marine resources like corals, clams, crabs,
pearls, and edible marine plants that can also be found in the waters of the Philippines. The
gloriamaris or Glory of the Sea, an expensive and unique clam, the biggest clam (Tridacna gigas),
and the smallest clam (Pisidium) in the whole world can also be found in the country.

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Some of the animals living in the country are now gradually facing extinction due to illegal poaching
and the destruction of their habitats. This has prompted the government to enact a law that makes
such activities illegal. There are also organizations that advocate the protection of these endangered
species.

REMEMBER THESE
 The Philippines is a tropical country because of its location.
 The country experiences two general climate conditions every year the dry and rainy seasons.
However, different kinds of climate are experienced in various parts of the country due to some
factors such as location, physical characteristics, temperature, humidity, wind flow, and amount of
rainfall.
 The trade winds, southwest monsoon, and northeast monsoon also cause variations in the climate.
 On the average, about 20 typhoons enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility annually. Most of
these typhoons bring destruction to the country.
 PAGASA gives out public warnings about the strength of a coming typhoon and the preparations the
people need to do.
 There are plants and animals that only grow and live in the Philippines because of the country's good
climate.
 Using the knowledge on climate, it is easy to determine which kinds of crops need to be planted in a
country.
 Plants can be used as food, tools, materials for building decorations, and as cure for illnesses.

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Name: Date Submitted: / /2021
Grade/Section: Subject: ARALING PANLIPUNAN 4

Direction:
A. use the spiderweb to identify the factors that affect Philippine climate

Factors that affect the

climate of the country

B. List at least 10 animals and 10 plants or crops that you can see here in the Philippines
Animals Plants/Crops