General Introduction To Antifoam Industries: Internal Presantation 03.2013 / Istanbul

General Introduction to
Antifoam Industries
Internal Presantation
03.2013 / Istanbul
Agenda
• What is foam & why is it undesirable

• Foam Control: De-foaming, Anti-foaming & De-aeration
• Antifoam requirements & performance testing
• Antifoams formats ; performance & compatibility
• Which antifoam to use
• De –aerators
• Competitors
• Market Position
What’s foam ?
Oil particles in a foam
A dispersion of a gas in a liquid…

Food processing, chemical manufacturing,
fermentation, textile, adhesive manufacturing,
printing inks, paints, coating and resins,
wastewater management…
What’s foam & Antifoam?
Foam is a complex system;
• Water
• Surfactant
• Air
Gas
Water
What is Foam Control ?
• DE-foaming = knock-down of
existing foam
• ANTI-foaming = prevention of
foam formation
• De-aeration = coalescence of
(micro)bubbles
De-foaming (knock-down)
Anti-foaming (durability)
Why is foam undesirable ?
Excessive foam reduces productivity and quality by:

• Process fluctuations
• Poor washing, filtration and drying
• Reduced pumping efficiency
• Thermal insulation – poor temperature control
• Floatation of solids
• Reducing vessel capacity
• Preventing distillations
• Increasing packaging (bottling) times ....etc
Foaming is inherent to many manufacturing processes, for which effective foam
control is a ‘must have’ because without it many processes are seriously
restricted or do not function at all
A Perfect Antifoam Agent must be;
Rapid knockdown (for ‘spot’ dosing).

• Long durability (fewer dosing points, lower consumption).
• Good de-aeration
• Low viscosity (ease of pumping & dosing)
• Stability
of the product as supplied (for storage)
of the product as dispersed into the foamant (for effectiveness)
• High activity (low dosing = minimal residues)
• Performant in non-ionic, cationic & anionic surfactants
• Effective at low & high temperatures (Cloud Point effect)
• Effective at low & high pH
• Effective in high salt concentrations etc...
• and competitive cost-performance
The Antifoam Balance
The mechanism of antifoams

means they must be INcompatible
with the foam.
The more performant an
antifoam,
the lower its compatibility
The more compatible an
antifoam, Performance
the lower its performance Compatibility
The appropriate antifoam is a
balance between these needs
Antifoam Selection Guide
There are, however, some physical and chemical factors consistent among
observations made while studying antifoams and their functionality under
different conditions.
DESIGN AND SELECTION (Physical Parameters of the Foam in the System:)
 What is the pH?
 What is the temperature?
 What is the viscosity?
 What is the solids content?
 What is the volatile content?
 What is the dissolved organic content, or chemical composition of the
foam?
 Exactly which type of process is generating foam?
Antifoam Selection Guide
• PROCESSING PARAMETERS OF THE FOAMING SYSTEM
 What is the flow rate of the liquid?
 Is the foam mechanically generated?
 Is the foam chemically produced?
 Is the foam being generated during the application of your product?
 How will the defoamer be introduced into the foaming system?
 What is the starting medium of the process involved?
• OTHER CONCERNS
 Are there any Kosher or Passover requirements?
 Are there any FDA food clearances?
 Are there any EPA or other environmental restrictions?
 Are there any undesirable ingredients, for example silicone?
 Is there any chemistry incompatible with your process/product?
Silicone Based Antifoam Format
Compounds
• 100% actives
• For non-aqueous systems
• Commonly diluted into solvent for dosing Denraw SE 680
because they are so powerful & they may
be high viscosity
Emulsions
G 520 • Typically 10-30% active
• Used in aqueous systems (compounds are
water insoluble)
OG 150
• Easier to dose and disperse.
Compatible concentrates
e.g. a compound dispersed into a surfactant Safe 820
Safe 620
Mineral Based Antifoam Format
Emulsions
NSE 416 • Typically 10-30% active
• Used in aqueous systems (compounds are
water insoluble)
NSE 408 • Easier to dose and disperse.
(ppm silicone) X (Amount of Solution to be Defoamed ) Antifoam to be

______________________________________________ = Added
(% Active Ingredient in Foam Control Agent ) X (10.000)
De-Foamers & Antifoams
De-foaming, which is the speed & extent of knock-down of existing foam, is the
immediate & often dramatic visual `wow`effect, and so influence product
selection although it is rarely the key factor.
Overall in-use cost is generally determined by antifoam durability, i.e. how

frequently the antifoam needs to be re-dosed. This may require longer-term
plant trials to determine.
Antifoam Safe 620 Safe 820

% actives 20 20
Knockdown second 20 30
Durability minutes 3:30 9:00
Competitors
250
200
Foam Height / (mm)
150
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 5 10 15
SHAKE TIME / (mins)
Competitive Antifoam Competitive Antifoam SagTex DSA No A/F

Competitors
Dispersibility of 3 % Antifoam 500C Stability
in water
Compatiblity with concentrated surfactants

Sagtex DSA & Safe 820
SAFE 820 SAGTEX DSA

Appearance White - milky Milky- soft yellowish
Viscosity 250 mPAS 310 mPAS
PH 7,6 (7-8) 7,3 (7-10)
Solubility Soluble in water easily Soluble in water easily
Solid content( 160 C) 30,5% 21.8 %
Sagtex DSA & Safe 820
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
mL
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00 10,0011,0012,0013,0014,0015,0016,0017,0018,0019,0020,00
Min.
Sagtex DSA 0,4g/L Safe 820 0,4g/L

Deaerator & Antifoam
Sagtex SWA
Market Position
Within a series of emulsions, cost per kg antifoam active

generally decreases with increasing concentration, so
more concentrated seems to makes sense.
But:
• is the dosing equipment in place to avoid wastage by
$/kg
overdosing ?
• cost per kg antifoam product (as supplied) increases
with concentration. The Purchaser may be focussed only
on cost/delivery whereas the Plant Manager is more
likely to be concerned with overall in-use cost.
When foam is generated only intermittently, allowing

spot dosing `as needed`, a dilute emulsion may be best.
$/year
Prevention is better than Cure!
Foam can often be prevented by appropriate system

design e.g. an effluent pipe that empties sub-surface
rather than pouring into a pond.
Where antifoams are required, they should be dosed

before the point at which foam is created and in a
way that they are dispersed as unifomly as possible
through-out the liquid.
Anti-foaming is best, De-foaming is too late ! (except

where foam is only generated intermittently)
Just imagine a good foam control 

Thanks…

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What is foam and why is it undesirable?

What is foam and why is it undesirable?

What are the different types of foam control?

What are the different types of foam control?

General Introduction to

• What is foam & why is it undesirable

A dispersion of a gas in a liquid…

Excessive foam reduces productivity and quality by:

Rapid knockdown (for ‘spot’ dosing).

The mechanism of antifoams

(ppm silicone) X (Amount of Solution to be Defoamed ) Antifoam to be

Overall in-use cost is generally determined by antifoam durability, i.e. how

Antifoam Safe 620 Safe 820

Competitive Antifoam Competitive Antifoam SagTex DSA No A/F

Compatiblity with concentrated surfactants

SAFE 820 SAGTEX DSA

Sagtex DSA 0,4g/L Safe 820 0,4g/L

Within a series of emulsions, cost per kg antifoam active

When foam is generated only intermittently, allowing

Foam can often be prevented by appropriate system

Where antifoams are required, they should be dosed

Anti-foaming is best, De-foaming is too late ! (except

Just imagine a good foam control 

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