Class 12

ISC-2022
Chemistry Practical

1. Oxidation-reduction titrations: potassium manganate (VII) / ammonium iron (11) sulphate;

potassium manganate(VIN)/oxalic acid.
In such experiments sufficient working details including recognition of the end point will be

given.
NOTE:

Molarity must be calculated upto 4 decimal places at least, in order to avoid error.

Concordant reading is to be used for titre value. (Concordant reading is two consecutive

values which are exactly the same.)

Average will not be accepted as titre value.

The table is to be completed in ink only. Pencil is not to be used.

Overwriting will not be accepted in the tabular column.

2. dentificatiorn of the following compounds and functional groups based on observations

Alcoholic group glycerol

Aldehyde group-formaldehyde
Ketonic group acetone
Carboxylic group - benzoic acid

Amino group - aniline

*Please Note: The student should learn to differentiate between colours, solution, ring and

precipitate
3.Qualitative Analysis:
Formal analytical procedure is required for Qualitative Analysis.
Specific solvent for O.S. to be used;
Before adding Group ll reagents to the filtrate of Group l1, H,S must be removed followed by
boiling with conc. Nitric acid.
The right order for buffer (NH,Cl and NHOH) must be used.
For wet test of anions, sodium carbonate extract must be used (except for carbonate).
Note: Candidates are required to write the following experiments in their
Chemistry Practical File and complete it.

Experiment 1
Aim: To determine the value of x in the given hydrated ammonium iron (11) sulphate
solution, (NH,):SO,.FeSO4.xH2O by titrating it with potassium manganate (VII) solution.
You are provided with the following solutions:

C-10 solution is prepared by dissolving 20.3 grams per litre of hydrated ammonium iron ()
sulphate, (NH,),SO,.FeSO4.xH20 crystal.
C-I1 solution is prepared bydissolving 1.61 grams per litre of potassium manganate (VI)
crystal.
C-12 is a solution of dilute sulphuric acid

Procedure:
1.Take a clean burette and clamp it vertically on a burette stand.

2.Fill the burette with potassium manganate (VI) solution (C-11).

3.Pipette out 20 ml (or 25 ml) of ammonium iron (11) sulphate solution (C-10) in a clean
conical flask and to this add 20 ml ofdilute sulphuric acid C-12 solution, specially provided
for titration.
4.Titratethe above solution with C-11 solution from the burette with constant shaking till the
last drop of potassium manganate (VI) solution gives a light pink persistent colour to the C-
10 solutionin the conical fask. Note down the reading on the burette.

5. Repeat the titration to obtain at least two concordant readings.

Tabulate your readings.

State:

1. The capacity of the pipette used

2. The titre value you intend to use in your calculations

The equation for the reaction is given below:

2KMnO4+ 3HSO4 K,SO4+ 2MnSO + 3H;0 +5[0]

>

10(NH)S0,.FeSO4.xH20+5H2SO4 + 5[0]-10(NH,),SO, +5Fe2(SO4)3+10xH,0+5H20

Relative atomic masses:

K=39,Fe=56,S=32,N=14,H=1,Mn=55,0-16
2
Calculate the following:
1.The molarity of potassium manganate (VIl) solution. C-1 1
2.The molarity of hydrated ammonium iron (1)
sulphate solution. C-10
3.The molecular mass of
hydrated ammonium iron (11) sulphate. deducted from the
experimental data.
4.The numerical value of x. i.e.the
number of molecules of water of crystallization in
(NH):SO4.FeSO,.xH;O
Observation Table: (To be drawn on the left hand side)
S.No. Initial Burette Reading Final Burette Reading Difference
(A)in ml1 (B) in ml (B-A) in ml
0.0 20.3
0.0 20.3
20.5 20.5
0.0 20.5 20.5

Capacity of the pipette used = 20.0 ml

Titre value = 20.5 ml

Calculations:
1. The molarity of potassium manganate (VI) solution. C-11
Molarity=trength in g/L
Molecular maSS

161
Mc 158 0.01018 M

2. The
molarity of hy drated ammonium iron (Il) sulphate solution, C-10
MC-10 vC-10 C-10
MC-11 VC-11 C-11

MC-10 r 2010
0.01018x 205

MC0.05217 M
3. The molecular mass of hydratcd ammonium iron (l) sulphate,C-10, deducted from the
experimental data

Strengthin g/L
Molecular mass Molarty of C-10 solut ion
201
005217

Molecular mass of C-10 389.11

4.The numerical value of s. i.c the number of molecules of water of crystallization in

(NII)SO, FesO, nllO

Moleeular mass of tNII)SO,TesO, all Molecular mass of C-10

(14+4)x2+32+(16x4)+56+32+(16x4)+18x =389.11
18x +284 389.11
18x =105.11
X 5.86
Formula of C-10, Mohr's salt is (NIH,);SO,.FeSO46H20
Experiment 2
Aim:To determine the
percentage purity of
with hydrated
ammonium iron (1I) sulphate potassium manganate (VII) solution by titrating it

You
,NH,);SO4.FeSO4.6H20
solution.
are
provided with the following solutions:
C10 solution is
prepared by dissolving 1.90 grams per litre of impure potassium manganate
(VII) crystal
C-I1 solution is prepared by dissolving 20.3 grams per litre of hydrated ammonium iron (II)
sulphate,(NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H,0crystal.
C-12 is a solution of dilute
sulphuric acid
Procedure:
1.Take a clean burette and
clamp it vertically on a burette stand.
2.Fill the burette with
potassium manganate (VII) solution (C-10).
3.Pipette out 20 ml (or 25 ml) of ammonium iron (Il) sulphate solution (C-11) in a clean
conical flask and to this add 20 ml
of dilute sulphuric acid C-12 solution, specially provided
for titration.
4.Titrate the above solution with C-10 solution from the burette with constant shaking till the
last drop of potassium manganate (VIl) solution gives a light pink persistent colour to the C-
11 solution the conical flask. Note down the reading on the burette.

5. Repeat the titration to obtain at least two concordant readings.

Tabulate your readings.
State

1. The capacity ofthe pipette used

2. The titre value you intend to use in your calculations

The equation for the reaction is given below:

2KMnOt 3H,SO4 K2SO4+ 2MnSO4+ 3H;0+S[O]

GSHL
1O0NH),SO4.FeSO,KH;O+SH;SO, + 5{0]-10(NH:):SO, +5Fe(S0.)st+10xH20 +SH;0
Relative atomic masses:
K 39,Fe = 56,S 32,N = 14,H = 1,Mn = 55,0 = 16

Calculate the following

1.The molarity of hydrated ammonium iron (11) sulphate solution, C-11

2. The molarity of potassium manganate (VII) solution, C-10

3. The strength of potassium manganate (VIl) solution in grams per litre, C-10
4. The percentage purity of potassium manganate (VII) solution, C-10
 Observation 'Table: (To be drawn on the left-hand side)
S.No. Initial Burette Reading Final Burette Reading Volume of C-10
(A) in ml B) in ml
0.0 Difference (B-A) in ml
0.0
18.5 18.5
18.2 18.2
0.0 18.2 |18.2

Capacity of the pipette used(Volume of C-1 1) =

20.0 ml
Titre value = 18.2 ml

Calculations:
I. The
molarity of hydrated ammonium iron (1I) sulphate solution, C-11
Molarity=Ength in g/L
Molecular mass
20.3
Mc- 00.05178 M
392
2. The molarity of potassium manganate (VI) solution,C-10
MC-10. VC-10 n
C-10
MC-11.VC-11 nC-11

MC-10x 18.2 2
0.05178 x 20

Mc-10 0.01138 M
3. The strength/ concentration of potassium manganate (VII) solution in grams per litre, C-10
Concentration = Molarity x molecular mass

0.01138 x 158
= 1.798 g/L

4. The percentage purity of potassium manganate (VI) solution, C-10

Strength in g/L of pure samplex 100
Percentage punty Strength in g/L of impure
sample
1.798
1.9
x 100
= 94.63 %

6
 Experiment 3
Aim: To
determine the value ofx in the
it with given oxalic acid solution. HC;04.xH,0 by titrating
potassium manganate (VII) solution.
You are
provided with the following solutions:
A-10 Solution is
prepared bydissolving 3.20 grams per litre
crystal of potassium manganate (VI)
A-lsolution is prepared by dissolving 6.30 grams per litre of
crystal. oxalic acid. H;C2O4.xH;0
A-12 is a solution of dilute sulphuric acid
Procedure:
1.Take a clean burette and clamp it vertically on a burette stand.
2.Fill the burette with
potassium manganate (VIl) solution (A-10).
3.Pipette out 20 ml (or 25 ml) oxalic acid solution, H:C2O,.xH;O. A-11 in aclean conical
lask and to this add 20 ml of dilute
sulphuric acid A-12 solution. specially provided for
titration.
4. Warm the contents in the flask to
about 60" C i.e. till the bubbles appear at the bottom of
the flask.

5.Titrate the above hot solution with A-10 solution from the burette with
constant shaking till
the last drop of potassium
manganate (VIl) solution gives a light pink persistent colour to the
A-11 solutionin the conical flask. Note down the
burette.reading on the
6. Repeat the titration to obtain at least concordant
two
readings.
Tabulate your readings.
State:

1. The capacity of the pipette used

2. The titre value you intend to use in your calculations

The cquation for the reaction is given below
2KMnO+ 311,SO+ 511C;04 K;S0,+ 2MnSO, +
8H,0 10CO:
Relative atomie nmasses:

K-39,C-12,11-1,Mn-55.0 16
Calculate the follow ing:
1.The molarity of potassium manganate (VII) solution, A-10
2.The molarity of hy
drated oxalie acid solution, 1,C-0, lI0, A-11
3.The molecular mass of hydrated oxalie acid. H:C
O4NlLO, deduc¢d from the
experimental data
4.The numerical value of
x, i.e.the number of molecules of
1,oxalic acid solution, water of crystallization in
H,CO4.xH20 A
Observation Table: (To be drawn on the left hand side)
S.No. Initial Burette Reading Final Burette Reading Difference
(A)in ml1 (B) in ml B-A) inml
0.0 21.0 21.0
0.0 20.8 20.8
3 0.0 20.8 20.8

Capacity of the pipette used 20.0 ml

Titre value = 20.8 ml

Calculations:
1. The molarity of potassium manganate (V1l) solution, A-10
Molarity Strength in g/L
Molecular mass

MA-10 3.20
0.02025
158
M
2. The molarity of hydrated oxalic acid solution, H2C204.xH;0,A-11
MA-10. VA-10nA-10
MA-11.VA-11 nA-11

0.02025 x 20.82
MA-11x 20 S
M a-11 = 0.05265 M

3. The molecular mass of A-11, hydrated oxalic acid, H2C;04.xH;0, deducted from the
experimental data

Strength in g/L
Molecular mass Molarity ofA-11 solution
6.30
0.05265

Molecular mass of A-11 = 120

4.The numerical value of x, i.e.the number of molecules of water of crystallization in oxalic

acid solution, HCO4.xkHO
Molecular of H:C2O4.xH20= Molecular
mass mass
of A-=11
(1 x 2)+(12 x 2) +(16x 4)+ 18x= 120
18x+90 = 120

18x 30
X= 1.7 2
Formula of A-1 1, oxalic acid solution is
HC204.2H20
 Experiment 4
Aim:lo determine the
percentage
with hydrated oxalic acid solution, purity of potassium manganate (VIl) solution by titrating it
H,C2O4.2H,0.
You are
provided with the following solutions:
A-10 solution is
prepared by dissolving 3.50 grams per litre of impure potassium manganate
(VIl) crystal.
A-ll solution is prepared by dissolving 6.50 grams per litre of hydrated oxalic acid,
H2C204.2H2Ocrystal.
A-12 is a solution of dilute sulphuric acid
Procedure:
1.Take a clean burette and clamp it verticaly on a burette stand.
2.Fill the burette with
potassium manganate (VII) solution (A-10).
3.Pipette out 20 ml (or 25 ml) onalic acid solution, HaC0,.2H0, A-11 in a clean conical
lask and to this add 20 ml of dilute sulphuric acid A-12 solution, specially provided for
titration.

4. Warm the contents in the flask to about 60" C i.e., till the bubbles appear at the bottom of
the flask.

5.Titrate the above hot solution with A-10 solution from the burette with constant shaking till
the last drop of potassium manganate (VIl) solution gives a light pink persistent colour to the
A-11 solutionin the conical flask. Note down the reading on the burette.

6. Repeat the titration to obtain at least two concordant readings.

Tabulate your readings.

State:
1. The capacity ofthe pipette used

2. The titre value you intend to use in your calculations

The equation for the reaction is given below

2KMnOt 3H;SOs+ 511CO K,SO4t 2MnSO +811,0+ 10CO

Relative atomic masses:

K=39, C=12,H=1,Mn=55,0=16
Calculate
1.The molarity of hydrated oxalic acid solution, H;C;0,.2H;0, A-I1
2. The molarity of potassium manganate (VI) solution, A-10
3. The strength of pure potassium manganate (VII) solution, A-10 in grams per litre

4. The percentage purity of potassium manganate (VI) solution., A-10

9
Observation Table: (To be drawn the
on left-hand side)
S.No. Initial Burette
Reading Final Burette
Reading Volume of A-10
(A) in ml B)in ml
0.0 Difference (B-A) in ml
0.0
21.0 21.0
3. 20.8 20.8
0.0
|20.8 20.8
Capacity of the pipette used (Volume of A-11) =
20.0 ml
Titre value = 20.8 ml

Calculations:
1. The molarity of hydrated oxalic acid solution, H2C20.2H20, A-11
Molarity . Strength in g/L
Molecular mass

6.50
MA-II 126
=0.05159 M

2. The molarity of potassium manganate (VII) solution, A-10

MA-10. VA-10 A-10
MA-11.VA-11 nA-11

MA-10x 20.8 2
0.05159 x 20 5
M a-10= 0.01984 M

3. The strength /concentration of potassium manganate (VIl) solution in grams per litre, A-10
Concentration = Molarity x molecular mass

=0.01984 x 158

3.14 g/L
4. The percentage purity of potassium manganate (VIl) solution, A-10

Percentage purity Strength in g/L of pure samptex 100

Strength in g/L of impure sample

3.14
3.50
x 100
= 89.71 %

10
Experiment 5
Aim: To identify the given organic compound
Physical roperties : Colourless,
water odourless, viscous liquid, sweet in taste, readily soluble in
Observation table
Experiment Observation Inference
1. To about 2 ml of Tollen's Shiny Silver Mirror is seen
reagent in a clean test tube, Glycerol present
on the inner walls of the test
add 4-5 drops
of the given tube
organic compound and heat
the contents on a water bath
for five minutes

2. To about 2-3 ml of 1% On adding phenolphthalein

Borax solution in a clean Glycerol present
solution to Borax solution,
test tube, add few drops of pink colour is obtained,
phenolphthalein solution. which disappears on adding
To this add 2-3 drops of the organic compound.
organic compound and Reappears on heating and
shake, heat and then cool. again disappears on cooling.

3. To about I ml of the Deep red coloration is Glycerol present

given organic compound in | obtained on adding
a clean test tube add 2-3 ammonia solution.
crystals of phenol and 3-4
drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid. Heat the
solution, cool it and then
dilute it with about 10 ml of
cold water. Finally, add
ammonium hydroxide
solution to it.

4.To 1-2 ml of copper Blue coloured solution is Glycerol present

sulphate solution in a clean obtained.
test tube, add. 4-5 drops of
the given organic
compound, followed by few
drops of sodium hydroxide
solution.

Result: The given organic compound is glycerol.

11
 Experiment 6
Aim: To identify the given organic compound
Physical Properties:Colourless, pleasant
inflammable and volatile smelling liquid with pungent, sweet taste.

Observation table
Experiment
I.
Observation Inference
Take about 2 ml of A white crystalline The given organic
saturated solution of Sodium precipitate is formed compound is acetone
bisulphite in a clean test
tube. To this add few drops
of the given organic
compound. Shake and leave
it for sometime.

2. Take about 3 -4 drops of On cooling.Yellow Acetone confirmed

the given organic compound precipitate of iodoform with
and to this add I ml of 10% characteristic smell is
sodium hydroxide solution formed
followed by 4-5 drops of
iodine solution. Heat the
contents for about 3 to 5
minutes and then allow it to
cool.

3. To about 2 ml of Mercury Yellow precipitate formed. Acctone confirmed

chloride solution in a test which dissolves on adding
tube, add dilute solution of the given organic compound
sodium hy droxide solution
drop by drop till no further
change occur. To this, add
the given organie compound
drop wise till the additional
drop makes no change in the
content.

4.To about 2 ml of the given Violet coloration is seen Acetone contimed

organic compound, add which disappears on
about I ml of freshly warming and reappears on
prepared sodium cooling
nitroprusside solution. Mix
and add 2 ml of amnonium
hydroxide solution. Shake.
warm and cool.

5. To about 2 ml of the Ruby red coloration is seen Acctone confirmed

given organie compound, w hich fades to yellow or
add 2 ml of sodium
disappears
hydroxide solution .followed
12
by about I ml of freshly
prepared sodium
nitroprusside solution.
Shake, warm and cool.

Result:The given Organic compound is acetone.

 Experiment 7
Aim: To identify the given organic compound
Physical Properties: Colourless, pungent smelling liquid, readily soluble in water, sold in
market as formalin (40% aqueous
solution)
Observation table

Experiment Observation Inference

1. To 1 ml of sample A white precipitate is Formaldehyde present

solution, add 1 ml of freshly formed, which turns pink
prepared strong solution of and then deep red
pyrogallol containing excess
of HCl acid.

2. To I ml of sample A brick red precipitate of Formaldehyde present

solution, add Iml of CuzO is formed
Fehling's solution and heat
the mixture for about 2
minutes.

3. To 1 ml of Schiff's Pink colour of original dye Formaldehyde present

Reagent, add I ml of sample is restored
solution.

4. To 1 ml of sample A shiny silver mirror is Formaldehyde present

solution, add Iml of formed on the inner walls of
Tollen's Reagent and heat the test tube
the mixture for about
minutes.

5. To 1 ml of sample A red ring is formed at the Formaldehyde present

solution, add 2-3 crystals of junction of the two liquids
resorcinol and shake. Now while a white precipitate in
slowly add I ml of conc. the aqueous layer
H2SO4 from the side of the
testtube.

Result: The given organic compound is Formaldehyde.

14
Experiment 8
Aim: To identify the given organic
Physical Properties: Colourless,
compound
soluble in water, has oily liquid, becomes brown when
unpleasant, characteristic odour exposed to air, slightly
Observation table
Experiment
1.To 2 ml of
aqueous Observation Inference
Violet colour is
which soon turnsproduced
solution of organic aniline confirmed
compound, add few drops of |
green/brown and then fades
bleaching powder solution away.
and shake the mixture On dilution and
well. further
Now dilute it with water and adding ammonium
add few drops of | sulphide solution, intense
ammonium red colour is
produced
sulphide solution.
2. Take about 1-2 ml of A pale green colour is aniline confirmed
given organic compound in formed
a clean test tube and to this
add 2-3 ml of dilute
sulphuric acid solution. Now
add few drops of ferric
chloride solution. Shake
well and dilute with some
water.

3. Take 1 ml of the given A deep red colour is formed aniline confirmed

orgaiesample in a
testa n d to this add,lew
clSsohich changes to deep blue
or black (Aniline black)
drops of potassiumm
dichromate solution. Shake
and warm gently.

4. Take about 2 ml of given Pinkish white precipitate of aniline confirmed

organic compound and to tribromo aniline is formed
this add bromine water

5. To 2 ml of the organic A brilliant red colouration or aniline confirmed

sample, add 2 ml of conc. precipitation is observed.
HCI. Cool the mixture. To
this add sodium nitrite
solution and mix thoroughly
and cool. Pour this solution
in a cold, alkaline beta
naphthol solution and cool
the mixture for 4-5 minutes

Result:The given organic compound is aniline

15
Experiment 9

Aim: To identity the given organic compound

Physical Properties: White, shiny, crystalline solid, slightly soluble in hot water
Observation table

In ference
Experiment Observation
1.Take about 2-3 ml of Brisk effervescence is seen The given compound is
Benzoic acid
sodium bicarbonate solution due to the evolution of
and to this add a pinch of the | carbon dioxide gas as the
given organic compound. compound dissolves.

Buff coloured precipitate is Benzoic acid present

2. Take 0.5 g of given
organic compound in a test obtained.
tube. To this add
Ammonium hydroxide
solution drop wise with
shaking until the solution
gives a smell of ammonia.
Add 2-3 ml of distilled
water and boil until the
solution does not give the
smell of ammonia. To this,
add neutral ferric chloride
solution.

A white precipitateis Benzoic acid present

3. Dissolve about 0.5 g of
the given organic compound formed.

in about 5 ml of hot water.

To this add Silver nitrate
solution.

4. To about 2 ml solution of Fruity smell is perceived due | Benzoic acid present.

the given organic compound to the formation of ethyl
in hot water add 1-2 drops of benzoate.
concentrated Sulphuric acid
followed by 5 ml of ethyl
alcohol. Heat the content
over a water bath.

Result:The given organic compound is benzoic acid.

16
Experiment 10

Aim: To identify the cation and anion in the given salt.

Preparation of Original Solution:

To the salt add dil. HCI to get a clear solution. This is the original solution.
Identification of Cation

Experiment Observation Inference

1. To the original solution No Precipitate Group I absent
add dil. HCI

2.To part of original

a
|No Precipitate Group II absent
solution, pass H2S gas

3. Boil ofH2S gas from the No Precipitate Group III absent

above solution, add few
drops of conc. HNO3, boil
and cool. To this add little
NH CI, followed by excess
of NH4OH

4. To a part of the above Dirty white Precipitate Group IV present

solution pass H;S gas. (Zn suspected)
Filter the precipitate and
dissolve it in dil. HCI and Precipitate dissolves
boil off HS gas.
Divide the solution into two
parts:

i) To first part add di. White precipitate which Zn" suspected

NaOH solution, first in little dissolves in excess
and then in excess.

(ii) To the second part add Bluish white precipitate Zn" confirmed
Ka[Fe(CN)6] solution.

Identification of Anions

Experiment Observation | Inference

1. To the salt add H2SO4 Brisk effervescence with CO suspected
evolution ofa colourless,
odourless gas

2. Pass the above evolved Lime water turns milky

gas through lime water
CO confirmed

Result: In the given salt, the cation is Zn" and the anion is
CO3
17
Experiment 11

Aim: To identify the cation and anion in the given salt.

Preparation of Original Solution:
To the salt add dil. HCI to clear solution. This is the
get a
original solution.
Identification of Cation
Experinent Observation Inference
1. To the original solution No
add dil. HCI
Precipitate Group I absent

2. To a part of original No Precipitate Group II absent

solution, pass H2S gas
3. Boil off H2S gas from the No Precipitate Group III absent
above solution, add few
drops of conc. HNO3, boil
and cool. To this add little
NH4CI, followed by excess
of NH,OH
Group IV absent
4. To a part of the above No Precipitate
solution pass H2S gas.
Group V absent
5. Boil off HaS gas from the No Precipitate
above solution, cool and add
little NH4CI, followed by
excess of NH,OH and
excess (NH4)2CO3 solution.

A white crystalline Group VI present

reduce
6. Boil the content to Mg" confirmed
little precipitate formed
the volume. Add
NH4CI, followed by excess
of NH4OH and then add
disodium hydrogen
phosphate solution. Scratch

the inner walls of the test

tube with glass rod.

18
 Identification of Anions
Preparation of Sodium Carbonate Extract:
Mix the given salt with solid Na2CO3 in 1:3 ratio in a test tube and add 15 ml distilled water
to it. Boil for 3-4 minutes, cool and filter the
contents. The filtrate is sodium carbonate
extract.

Experiment Observation Inference

1. To the neutral sodium White precipitate is formed SOsuspected
carbonate extract add BaCl2
Solution.

2. To the above
add dil. HCI
precipitate Precipitate does not dissolve SO4 confirmed
inmineral acid

Result: In the given salt, the cation is Mg" and the anion is SO

19