KMnO4 Lab

Experiment # 3
Date November 9, 2022
Topic Mole Concept
Aim To standardize potassium permanganate using ferrous ammonium sulphate.
App. & Materials Potassium permanganate (VII) solution, distilled water, ferrous
ammonium sulphate, 250cm3 volumetric flask, conical flask, 25cm3 pipette,
filter funnel, beaker, stopper, retort stand and clamp, burette.
Procedure:
1. Weigh out 10g of ferrous ammonium sulphate in a clean beaker.

Dissolve the solid and quantitatively to a 250cm3 volumetric flask.
2. Pipette 25 cm3 of the ferrous ammonium sulphate solution into a conical flask.
3. Rinse and fill the burette with the permanganate solution and then titrate it against the ferrous
ammonium sulphate in the conical flask until the first permanent colour change.
4. Repeat the titration until consecutive values differ by + 0.1cm3. Tabulate your results and calculate
the molar and mass concentration of the permanganate.
Results :
Trial 1 2 3
Final burette reading (cm3) 30.8 32 13.9
Initial burette reading (cm3) 50 50 32
Volume of permanganate used (cm3) 19.2 18 18.1
Calculations:
Average: (18+18.1)/2 = 18.05 cm3
# of moles ferrous ammonium sulphate = 10 g/ 392.14 g mol -1 = 0.0255 mol
Molar concentration of solution : 0.0255 mol/ 0.25 dm3 = 0.102 mol dm-3
Equation: KMnO₄ + (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O
Mole ratio: 1 : 1
18.05 cm3 has 0.0255
Then 1000 cm3 has X
X = (1000 x 0.0255)/18.05 = 1.4127 mol dm-3
Mass conc. = molar mass x molar concentration
= 158 g mol-1 x 1.4127 mol dm-3
= 223.21 g dm-3
Reduction: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O
Oxidation: Fe 2+ → Fe 3+ + e-
Half Equation: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe 2+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe 3+ + 4H2O
Discussion:
The titration of potassium permanganate and ferrous ammonium sulfate is a common analytical chemistry
experiment used to determine the concentration of potassium permanganate. This experiment is based on
a redox reaction between the two compounds, where potassium permanganate is reduced to manganese
(II) ions by ferrous ammonium sulfate, which is oxidized to ferric ammonium sulfate. The first step in the
titration is to prepare a standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate of known concentration. This is
done by dissolving a known mass of the salt in a known volume of water and diluting to a specific
volume. The concentration of the standard solution is calculated from the mass of the salt used and the
volume of the solution.
To perform the titration, a measured volume of the potassium permanganate solution of unknown
concentration is placed in a conical flask. A small amount of indicator, such as ferroin or o-
phenanthroline, is added to the flask. The indicator is typically added in small amounts to prevent
masking the endpoint of the titration. As the ferrous ammonium sulfate solution is added, the potassium
permanganate is reduced to manganese (II) ions, and the ferrous ammonium sulfate is oxidized to ferric
ammonium sulfate. The mixture turns from purple to light pink as the potassium permanganate is
consumed. The volume and concentration of the ferrous ammonium sulfate solution required to react with
the potassium permanganate can be calculated using stoichiometry. The balanced chemical equation for
the reaction can be used to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Finally, the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution can be calculated using the volume and
concentration of the ferrous ammonium sulfate solution and the stoichiometry of the reaction. This
experiment demonstrates the principles of redox reactions, stoichiometry, titration, and standard solutions.
In chemistry, the term concentration is used to refer to the amount of solute dissolved in a
solvent to make a solution. The unit of concentration noted are expressed in moles per cubic decimetre
I.e molarity (M). A titration is a method used to determine the amount of substance present in a solution
of unknown concentration. The concentration of a solution can be calculated by titrating a standard
solution (a solution of known concentration and volume) against the unknown solution and formulating
the balanced equation.
Upon adding the potassium permanganate to the solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate
the resultant mixture started to developed an orange colour. Furthermore, the texture and thickness of the
mixture also made an apparent change. The mixture was then compared to the standard in terms of
volume, texture and thickness. The reaction can be represented with the following equation:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe 2+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe 3+ + 4H2O
Since a solution of potassium manganate (VII) was used for this titration it was necessary
for it to be covered constanly as if it is kept out for too long brown deposits of manganese (IV) oxide will
form. The reading of the burette’s meniscus in this experiment was relatively difficult as potassium
manganate (VII) is one of the most intensely coloured compounds. Consequently, for this experiment it is
reasonable to take burette readings from the top of the meniscus.
Seeing as this was a redox titration, it was expected that the end point in this titration was
detected using the colour change of one of the reactants. It can be stated that the purple MnO4- ions were
reduced to produce almost colourless Mn2 ions whilst the light green Fe 2+ ions underwent oxidation to
form pale yellow Fe 3+ ions.
Precautions:
1. The ferrous ammonium sulphate was weighed out using an electronic balance to maximize
efficiency
Limitations:
1. The solution may have been too concentrated or diluted which affected the outcome of the
experiment
Sources of Error
1. Human Error in measuring and execution
Conclusion:
In conclusion, through the titration of a permanganate solution against a ferrous

ammonium sulphate solution the unknown values for the permanganate solution were calculated in
addition to the formulation of balanced equations and half equations. These values were used in
combination with the written equations of the reaction in order to determine variables. Both the molarity
and molality, which were two of such variables of the potassium permanganate solution were calculated
and determined as 1.4127 mol dm-3 and 223.21 g dm-3 respectively.

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Experiment # 3

Date November 9, 2022

Topic Mole Concept

Aim To standardize potassium permanganate using ferrous ammonium sulphate.

1. Weigh out 10g of ferrous ammonium sulphate in a clean beaker.

Average: (18+18.1)/2 = 18.05 cm3

# of moles ferrous ammonium sulphate = 10 g/ 392.14 g mol -1 = 0.0255 mol

Equation: KMnO₄ + (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O

18.05 cm3 has 0.0255

Then 1000 cm3 has X

X = (1000 x 0.0255)/18.05 = 1.4127 mol dm-3

Mass conc. = molar mass x molar concentration

= 158 g mol-1 x 1.4127 mol dm-3

Reduction: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O

Half Equation: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe 2+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe 3+ + 4H2O

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe 2+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe 3+ + 4H2O

1. Human Error in measuring and execution

In conclusion, through the titration of a permanganate solution against a ferrous

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