ADVANCED CADASTRAL SURVEYING

SUG 559

eCADASTRAL
DEPARTMENT OF GEOMATIC SCIENCE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECHTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING
UiTM PERLIS
 eCADASTRAL

eCadastral is a system that utilize ICT technology, GIS and

current surveying is aim to expedite and to stabilize in
delivery of cadaster survey system through effective
integration system. It involving reshuffle from conventional
measurement works process Bowditch and Transit to
Survey Accurate Coordinate through “Least Square
Adjustment” and established National Digital Cadastre
Database(NDCDB) and Strata Survey Data Base / Stratum /
Marine (PDUSSM).
eKadastral…
OBJECTIVE

Expedite the delivery system for land title survey

from 2 years to 2 months;
Creation of the National Digital Cadastral
Database (NDCDB);
Creation of the Strata/Stratum/Marine Database;
Provide infrastructure and GIS-ready information;
and
Embark on GNSS satellite technology (GPS) in
cadastral survey.
–To expedite the delivery system for land title survey from 2 years to 2 months, the strategy
taken consists of the following:
 Change the existing survey procedure;
 Embark on the latest ICT approach in the cadastral survey;
 Strengthen the existing survey regulation and ruling;
 Integration with land related systems of Land Offices’ eTANAH, Licensed Land
Surveyor Board’s eLJT and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s
MyGDI.
–To create the National Digital Cadastral Database (NDCDB), the strategy taken consists of
the following:
 Continuous from the successful implementation of the Melaka’s NDCDB;
 A homogeneous and seamless database with survey accurate coordinate;
 Embark on the national GDM2000 datum;
 Integration with mapping databases and satellite imagery;
 Creation of Cadastral Control Infrastructure (CCI);
 Support the implementation of utility mapping.
–To provide infrastructure and GIS-ready information, the strategy taken consists of the
following:
 NDCDB will fully GIS-ready;
 Create additional layer in the GIS Layer Management System (eGLMS);
 Support the creation of multipurpose cadastre.
–To embark on satellite technology (GPS) in cadastral survey, the strategy taken consists of
the following:
 The use of GPS in field data capturing;
 The utilization of MyRTKnet;
 Deploy real-time data processing.
 eCadastral term
(Refer to circular 6/2009)
 eKadastral : CONCEPTUAL WORKFLOW
TITLE SURVEY
LAND OFFICES STATE JUPEM
Hardcopy
Requisition of
Survey (RS)
3

• KOMMS Server
1 • Registration of file
• Updated ePU
• Scanning related documents RTK Net
Database
Licensed Land • Generate ePU
• CRM Squad
Surveyors • Updated CSRS 4 determine Cadstral
• Registration of file
(LS) • Import PU ASCII
Control point
• Generate ePU 2 JUPEM2U
Internet
Digital RS

• Updating 5
Temp NDCDB

10 7
• Determine lot boundary
6 • Field data capturing
• Generating JUPEM ASCII
9 • Data validation

• CS digisign Temp • Validation Server • SUM Server

Posting B1 Tiff NDCDB • Detail checking • LSA validation
(Digital Title Plan) • Updating NDCDB • To accept/reject • Preliminary checking
to Land Offices • Generate B1 Tiff •To accept/reject
 NDCDB
Background of DCDB

 Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) contains

all information obtained from cadastral survey
jobs related to boundaries of land parcels.
 The existing DCDB, which covers the entire
country, was developed from historical survey
data (conversion from hardcopy Certified
Plans to digital) as well as from current
survey jobs.
 Coordinates in the DCDB were obtained from
several means and contain varying,
unpredictable, and un-quantified errors.
Background of DCDB……

 Uncertainties of surveyed values are

typical, but errors are more common in
some rural areas.
 To be able to support a modern cadastral
system, an accurate positional record of
the cadastre is imperative. The existing
DCDB was not designed for this
purpose.
 Accuracy of NDCDB

Std Dev Std Dev

CATEGORY Northing Easting

Urban/ New ±5 cm ±5 cm
Development or better or better

Semi Urban/Rural ± 10 cm ± 10 cm
or better or better
Background of DCDB……

ERROR PROPAGATION
Error propagation on coordinates in digital cadastral database

2nd Class 1:4,000 Cadastral Survey

N ± 50 cm
E ± 50 cm

2 km

HOW ACCURATE (N,E) AT

THIS BOUNDARY POINT IN THE
PRESENT DCDB?
Background of DCDB……

Graphical Coordinate Error

Results in non-uniqueness of coordinates of the
same boundary point
 Background of DCDB……

OLD AND NEW GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE:

GEODETIC TRIANGULATION GPS BASED REFERENCE SYSTEM
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

6.50
G058
G071
G028
G035 G023
G029

G047
G031
G030
6.00 G057
G040 G054
G044
G003
G025 G032
G033
G077

G042

G059
G027 G069
5.50 G076
G019
G021 G013
G050
G017
G063 G048
G026
G060

G072 G016
G053 G008

G022
5.00
G024

G034
G067
G037 G005

4.50

G004

4.00
G041 G007

G001 G075
G074
G070
G061

3.50 G073
G009
G036

G011
G015

3.00 G052
G055G065
G068 G038 G039
G020

G066 G012

G010
2.50
G051

G046

G014
2.00
G049

G002

G062
G043
1.50 G084 G045
G056
P075
G018
G064

P4

1.00
99.00 99.50 100.00 100.50 101.00 101.50 102.00 102.50 103.00 103.50 104.00
 Background of DCDB……
Non Rigorous Adjustment Technique for
Coordinates Computation

Bowditch Least Squares

GPS

GPS

Least Squares adjustment

Bowditch adjustment distributes
technique determine a unique set
closing errors linearly but not
of coordinates for each boundary
able to provide a unique
mark from a set of observed
coordinates solution.
values (bearings & distances).
 NDCDB
CADASTRAL CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURE (CCI) EMPLOYING
WHOLE TO THE PART CONCEPT AND GPS TECHNOLOGY

Primary Grid
Secondary Grid
 Advantages NDCDB

• NDCDB refer to uniform reference system: Cassini GDM2000

• NDCDB compatible with modern technology:
GPS/MyRTKnet
• Accuracy of coordinate from 5cm to 10 cm
• NDCDB graphic coordinate same with attribut coordinate
• NDCDB in GIS development “MULTI-PURPOSE CADASTRE”
„A coordinated cadastre exists where
each parcel corner is uniquely
described by only one pair of
coordinates, and legislation
establishes these coordinates as
conclusive evidence of the position
of the parcel corner‟
 METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NDCDB
[2000 – 2002]

Specifications for Control Network Densification

AREA PRIMARY GRID SECONDARY GRID

URBAN 2.5 km x 2.5 km 0.5 km X 0.5 km

SEMI-URBAN 10 km X 10 km 2.5 km X 2.5 km

RURAL 10 km X 10 km 2.5 km X 2.5 km CADASTRAL CONTROL Tertiary : 5, 2.5, 0.5

INFRASTRUCTURE CCI Spacing
Connected to Connected to
PGGN Primary Grid
PRIMARY GEODETIC First Order: 238
Obsern: GPS NETWORK PGGN stations
Obsern: static Rapid Static.
MALAYSIAN
Period 1 – 1.5 hr Observation Period: Zero Order: 8
ACTIVE GPS MASS
15 – 30 min Stations
STATIONS
Baseline Relative Baseline Relative
Accuracy less then Accuracy Less than
3ppm 3ppm
Coordinates Diff. Coordinate Diff Control Network Hierarchy
From 2 Bases Stn. From 2 Bases stn Less
Less than 2 cm Than 3 cm
 ELEMENTS OF CCS FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

GPS Compatible
GDM2000 Contains a Complete
Easy integration of Cadastral Map
Datasets
Layered of Data
Cadastral Control Content
Infrastructure (CCI) NDCDB
Control Based on Has a Unique Parcel
Highest Geodetic Identifier
Order
Design According to
Control Network of Cadastral Survey Appropriate Data
Adequate Density COORDINATES Modeling Technique
Practice

Legal (Contributory) Evidence of

Use Least Square Adjustment Technique
Boundaries
Employ “ Whole-to-Part” Concept
Unique Single Set of Survey Accurate
Coordinates

THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CCS IMPLEMENTATION IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

 DATUM

(according to circular no
6/2009)
1. Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM) station that
used:

a) at least two new CRM station that separated and

not less than 30 metre made simultaneous
observation via MyRTKnet method for first CRM
station and method static for second station; or

b) at least two new CRM that separated and not less

than 30 metres made simultaneous observation
with static method for both prints; or
 Datum
c) at least two new CRM stations that separated and not less
than 30 metres made observation with MyRTKnet method
for both station in one initializes; or

d) at least two new CRM stations that separated not less than
75 meter made observation with MyRTKnet method real
time for both stations in two initializes; or

e) if two old CRM station used, it need to be proved the

position with third station with angular measurement and
distance measurement whether from CRM old or
NDCDB near; or
Datum 1a
Datum 1b
Datum 1c
Datum 1d
Datum 1e
 Datum
2. two marks measurement from NDCDB that separated not
less than 40 meter which that exact position has proved
with direct measurement or traverse and calculation,
together with astronomical observation for azimuth or
MyRTKnet observation; or

3. two marks measurement contiguous from NDCDB that

proved the position and establishing with third mark with
measure angle and distance or with traverse and place in
exact position.
Datum 2
Datum 2
Datum 3
Datum Conditions For NDCDB Marks
• Line distance (datum) should exceeding 30 meter
and the vector displacement limit is less than 0.050
meter for urban/town and new development area.
The rural area, the difference of vector
displacement is 0.100 meter.

• The internal angle between two lines that obtained

in accordance with procedure (3) should do not
exceed 10”.
 Coordinate Projection System
• All measurements in Peninsular Malaysia must utilize Cassini
Geocentric Coordinate System while RSO System Geocentric
used to Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.
Method of data collection.

GPS conventional/RTK/GNSS
Traverse (Bearing/Distance)
Radiation
INTERSECTION
RESECTION
 RTK method/GPS
conventional
1

9 11

2
10
3
8

7 4

• Data collection using RTK and GPS conventional method.

• Final output in full coordinates and used in large area and
open skies.
 Traverse
• Bearing and distance observation.
• Observation on both faces (FL and
FR)
• Record as two separate observation
• Open traverse and close traverse
• Must closed to nearest CRM station
or old boundary marks and every 25
stations or 1 km.
 Traverse Method
10

13
8
9
6
11

14
15
12
17
7
5
16
3
4
18
2

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6-8-10-13-14-1

Radiation Method : 5-7, 6-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, 13-15, 14-16, 14-17 & 1-18
 Radiation

Bearing and distance observation

Observation on both faces (FL
and FR)
Record as two separate
observation
Maximum distance 300m
 Radiation Method

6 F
H A
3
J
B

5
4

E C

D
2

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6

Radiation Method : 2-A, 2-B, 2-C, 2-D, 3-E, 3-F, 3-G, 4-H & 4-J
 Intersection

Bearing and distance observation

Observation on single face
Observation are made from 2
difference station.
 Intersection Method

6 G
J A

F
B

3
5
4

E C

D
2

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6

Intersection Method : 2-A, 2-B, 2-C, 2-D, 2-H, 3-E, 3-F, 3-G, 3-H, 3-A, 3-
B, 3-C, 3-D, 4-E, 4-J, 4-G, 4-F & 6-J
 Resection

Bearing and distance observation

Observation on single face
Observation are made on 3
difference station and the
coordinate values are known
 Resection Method

6 G
J A

F
B

3
5
4

E C

D
2

1
Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6
Resection Method : D-1,D-2,D-3,C-1,C-2,C-3,B-1,B-2,B-3,A-1,A-2,A-3,E-2,
E-3,E-4,H-3,H-4,H-5,G-3,G-4,G-5,F-4,F-5,F-6,J-4,J-5,J-6
A3 Landscape
A3 Portrait