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Technip - Process Engineering Design Guide

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320 views

Technip - Process Engineering Design Guide

Uploaded by

Andika Pratama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ps «0 eet GUIDE DOCUMENT ce | a2] 112 | ov PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE PART 1 - SECTION 1 PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) 8.8. 1.2: PROCESS & COOLING TOW! QUIPMENT. ace ER Sha sle[s[s[7]8 Slo lt i2 se]? lee A [x * x | x | > | fo [x 2 | | 1 I | | | | ! I i [ 9 3 7 - - F - 3 i | 2 | 4 iA | 0 fosroscnane | Wamp [Acaes yp jor Of | ean oe ont area} ae =. | one, | Seee, | Seen REGIONE GU OGIMENT Bossman ears Te GE 312 1121 Vv PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE - PART 7 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 :PROCESS EQUIPMENT PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) COOLING TOWER CONTENTS 1 COOLING TOWER TYPE™. 1.1. Natural-Draft tower’ 1.2 Mechanical-Dratt tov 2 COOLING TOWER:DESIGN pf cooling water 2.2 Terhperatures S 2.3,"Estimation of water flow rates. 4. Power consumption i ‘Tower dimensions“ 3 EXTRAPOLATION Of THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF AN EXISTING COOLING TOWER. Teen Tmo os GUIDE DOCUMENT [ PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE ba PART 4 - SECTION 4 SS. 1.2:PROCESS EQUIPMENT PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) COOLING TOWER 1 COOLING TOWER TYPE Natural draft towers are lsu: nuclear and thermal ™gowes” plants because their thermal “gapacity is very high for a tow operating.cos. Water flow rales are in the range. of 400 000 m2fh Smaller “than“‘natural-dratt — towéts,! mecharsealaitaft: towers can faitdie. cooling” Waler* flow rates of 8p: to” 2506.<7%h per unit. There are _several mechanicai-draft towers -Forced-draft towers.-faj"."The fan is mounted laterally at the Base éf the tower ‘and air is forced through thé packing. -Induced-raft. towers : The fan is mounted at the.top of the tower , sucking air up throtigi:the packing. The airhwater heat exchange‘ js usually in counter-flow basis {6)i.In“ofoss-flow basis (c), the power consiimetion of the fan is lower but the taweiis' more voluminous. AWet-chi¥ towers : Including a dry exchanger (air cooler type) at the top of the tower, the “hybrid” or “wet-dry" towers limit fogging and plume abatement. More expensive, voluminous and energy consuming than other types, they should only be installed where specifically required by the client or authority to reduce plume (visual impact) or risk of ice formation in very cold environment. P-tana Torr te « ce GUIDE DOCUMENT cc as — GE 312, v2, v PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE a PART 1 - SECTION 1 $.S. 1.2:PROCESS EQUIPMENT PROCESS MANUAL (DATA 800K) COOLING TOWER 2 COOLING TOWER DESIGN The following sections allow to do 2 preliminary design of the cooling tower and its electrical equipment. ‘ 24 CHOICE OF COOLING TOWER The type of tower can be vetted in the following table, Se¥vpral solutions can often be accepted. . INDUCED-DRAFT Plume limitation 7 Icing imitation ye Exist in pre-mmounlad package 5 yes yes - | -integraiéa basi Se" | upto400mmh | up te 400 mem ~ extefnal bast upto 1400 msn | up to 1400 mh GassRew'r m0 yes |. 2. FRans Secessiiity yes 0 ~ | Exetel dimensions reduced reduced 2.2 TEMPERATURES... Wet bulb tempetaiuié WB and dry bulb temperature DB of air are fixed by the plant location and are ysuaily given in a Project general specification. Hot water tetnperatiire HWT and cold water temperature CWT are usually imposed by the client Fnot, the following initial approach shall be followed + HWT’shail be as high as possible (max. 45 °C) with a reasonable temperature ~(@pproach from the process fluid to be cocled. “CWT shall be 10 to 15 °C lower than HWT (AT= HWT - CWT = 10 to 45 °C) Take a temperature approach a= CWT - WB = 5 °C (a should not be fess than 3 °C for a mechanical-draft and 8 °C for a natural-draft tower) + Verify that the efficiency 7 is greater than 85% ; if not increase AT or decrease a HWI-CWT _ __aT HWI-WE “AT +a (STal= values of (10:5) oF (125 preliminary study. are commonly used and can be considered in a GE 32 0 PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE 7 PART 1 - SECTION 1 SS. 1.2 PROCESS EQUIPMENT PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) COOLING TOWER 2.3 ESTIMATION OF WATER FLOW RATES, concentration in make-up water. The ratio may vary between 2 quaiity of make-up water (6 to 8 for demineralised make-up water)" E, (mish) = Q.aT 1580-0 Q, recirculated water fidw raizrin 2.4 POWER.CONSUMPTION + _Absbrbet! power ofthe recirculation pump If the! pressure drop in the cooling water header is known, the absorbed power can -b8: calculated as for any centrifugal pump with a pump efficiency taken as 75% ; if not the power can be estimated from the formulae below : + Small installation : Pass (KW) :0.12Q + Industrial complex: Pas (KW): 0.24 Q * Fan power consumption : P (kW) = 0.06. Q REE OP eRe CRMCRCTRCERCE REE RAnratrtSG oN rNRT Taree a? tunone Toe GUIDE DOCUMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE oe PART 4 - SECTION 1 SS, 1.2 PROCESS EQUIPMENT PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) COOLING TOWER 2.5 TOWER DIMENSIONS + Tower As a first approaétj-iwes height is 10 m abae the Basin and the load is 11 m’/h per rm? of ground surface-atca ¢ GUIDE DOCUMENT GE 31z 41.2 PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE PART 1 - SECTION 1 SS. 1.2 PROCESS EQUIPMENT PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) COOLING TOWER 3 EXTRAPOLATION OF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF AN IG COOLING TOWER Based on diagram 7 and knoiymg that the “reting factor*“i"inverSely proportional to water flow rate for a given jOwer.it is possible to detepriiie nel operating conditions when one parameter is changed: 10°C = 18°F =5°C=9°F VRE = 2.15 WB'=-20 *C'= 68°F, hence + AThe diagram indicates a rati + The diagram indicates Sporoximately a = 5°F= 28°C Hence, CWT= WB + a =20 + 2.8 = 22.8°C and HWT = 22.8 + 5. ‘n'diagram indicates an approach a = 10°C = 5.6 °F Henes' CWT = WB + a = 20 + 5.6 = 25.6 °C and HWT = 25.6 + 10 Ree ANG. TP. Rename: Tower tap a {tne Torts bt ce GE i 312 GUIDE DOCUMENT 42 ov PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE PRac! PART 1 - SECTION ESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) 8.8. 1.2 PROCESS EQUIPMENT COOLING TOWER at Renge °F §.0 = o a 8 Rating Factor RF e ° to 0.0 rae _t TT = Diagram 4 (source : Equipment Design Handbook}

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