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    ER Model: Example, Suppose We Design A School Database. in This Database, The Student

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    Haider Sultan
    The ER model is a high-level data model used to define the data elements and relationships for a specified system. It develops a conceptual design for the database using entity-relationship diagrams that portray the database structure. Entities, attributes, and relationships are the key components of an ER diagram, where entities can be objects or people, attributes describe entity properties, and relationships define connections between entities.

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    ER Model: Example, Suppose We Design A School Database. in This Database, The Student

    Uploaded by

    Haider Sultan
    64 views10 pages
    The ER model is a high-level data model used to define the data elements and relationships for a specified system. It develops a conceptual design for the database using entity-relationship diagrams that portray the database structure. Entities, attributes, and relationships are the key components of an ER diagram, where entities can be objects or people, attributes describe entity properties, and relationships define connections between entities.

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    The ER model is a high-level data model used to define the data elements and relationships for a specified system. It develops a conceptual design for the database using entity-relationship diagrams that portray the database structure. Entities, attributes, and relationships are the key components of an ER diagram, where entities can be objects or people, attributes describe entity properties, and relationships define connections between entities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views10 pages

    ER Model: Example, Suppose We Design A School Database. in This Database, The Student

    Uploaded by

    Haider Sultan
    The ER model is a high-level data model used to define the data elements and relationships for a specified system. It develops a conceptual design for the database using entity-relationship diagrams that portray the database structure. Entities, attributes, and relationships are the key components of an ER diagram, where entities can be objects or people, attributes describe entity properties, and relationships define connections between entities.

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    ER Model

    • ER model stands for an Entity-Relationship model. It is a high-level data


    model. This model is used to define the data elements and relationship for
    a specified system.
    • It develops a conceptual design for the database. It also develops a very
    simple and easy to design view of data.
    • In ER modeling, the database structure is portrayed as a diagram called an
    entity-relationship diagram.
    example, Suppose we design a school database. In this database, the student
    will be an entity with attributes like address, name, id, age, etc. The address
    can be another entity with attributes like city, street name, pin code, etc and
    there will be a relationship between them.
    Component of ER Diagram
    1. Entity:
    • An entity may be any object, class, person or place. In the ER diagram,
    an entity can be represented as rectangles.
    • Consider an organization as an example- manager, product,
    employee, department etc. can be taken as an entity.

    Weak Entity
    • An entity that depends on another entity called a weak entity. The
    weak entity doesn't contain any key attribute of its own. The weak
    entity is represented by a double rectangle.
    2. Attribute
    • The attribute is used to describe the property of an entity. Eclipse is
    used to represent an attribute.

    Example, id, age, contact number, name, etc. can be attributes of a


    student.
    a. Key Attribute
    The key attribute is used to represent the main characteristics of an entity. It represents a primary key. The key
    attribute is represented by an ellipse with the text underlined.

    b. Composite Attribute
    An attribute that composed of many other attributes is known as a composite attribute. The composite
    attribute is represented by an ellipse, and those ellipses are connected with an ellipse.
    c. Multivalued Attribute
    An attribute can have more than one value. These attributes are known as a multivalued attribute.
    The double oval is used to represent multivalued attribute.
    example, a student can have more than one phone number.

    d. Derived Attribute
    An attribute that can be derived from other attribute is known as a derived attribute. It can be
    represented by a dashed ellipse.
    example, A person's age changes over time and can be derived from another attribute like Date of
    birth.
    3. Relationship
    A relationship is used to describe the relation between entities.
    Diamond or rhombus is used to represent the relationship.

    Types of relationship are as follows:


    1. One to One
    2. One to Many
    3. Many to One
    4. Many to Many
    a. One-to-One Relationship
    When only one instance of an entity is associated with the relationship, then it is
    known as one to one relationship.
    example, A female can marry to one male, and a male can marry to one female.

    b. One-to-many relationship
    When only one instance of the entity on the left, and more than one instance of an
    entity on the right associates with the relationship then this is known as a one-to-
    many relationship.
    example, Scientist can invent many inventions, but the invention is done by the
    only specific scientist.
    c. Many-to-one relationship
    When more than one instance of the entity on the left, and only one instance of an
    entity on the right associates with the relationship then it is known as a many-to-
    one relationship.
    example, Student enrolls for only one course, but a course can have many
    students.

    d. Many-to-many relationship
    When more than one instance of the entity on the left, and more than one instance
    of an entity on the right associates with the relationship then it is known as a
    many-to-many relationship.
    example, Employee can assign by many projects and project can have many
    employees.
    Notation of ER diagram

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