et

b)e Now read the text again 3 Match the words in bold in the text to their synonyms.
_and for questions 1-5, What part of speech is each? rock, earth, devoted, puzzles,
choose the best answer A, moving up and down, not employed by others, prevent you from
B, Cor D. Justify your seeing, hiding, safety measures.
answers.
Use words from the box in the
| 1 Martin Rietze can’t stay near a correct form to complete the sentences.
* volcano for a long time because ...
“A it's bad for his equipment. The 3300 ft Chilean Chaiten v................04 Bre n Poadiarssee
he can't stand the heat. last Thursday for the first time after thousands of years of
it's too loud. causing earth tremors.
it's dangerous for his health. THE Gis caccreavsenesanesse Pinsesveoveuspeusvates scared people who hurried
ietze, to evacuate the area.
EAL) Volcano chasers have to be ... TNE do sccntysastears Vinsvesecsentsane awoke after 9,000 years of silence.
A very active.
Pis tegeret yesssersevras caused breathing problems for residents.
me) |= 6) B talented scientists. it cteecaiae Ferny eekcrselaate [sasbobcctiuanepsestes started flowing
(0 se C patient. down the volcano.
eet iS D freelancers.
Clouds of steam and ash b...............0..- tREVick tend
) mea)
When the Eyjafjallajokull volcano for miles, making it difficult to see.
em TIL
ugh to erupted, it was difficult-for Martin
Cae EO s+ Grammar GR Ia
see pp.-

A get a flight to Iceland. Tense revision *"

BIGl
9) Ah) B find somewhere to stay.
Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple, present
rs and C get close enough to take good
icated continuous, past simple, past continuous, present perfect or
photos.
comes the present perfect continuous. Give reasons.
D protect himself from flying
| a=
rocks. JON: ....:attecncvieletics. tee ee (trip)'and)... cee...
akes a
or day (cut) his:knee’as ne) 4.05; (walk) up the volcano.
It seems that Martin ...
Cry) Weartitt sccesscxtscscraeatarnsessermiemieenee (not/reach) the crater yet.
A doesn’t take enough safety
Mile) e Look at the volcan. HUGe rOCKS ........:ccssescescesseecesseseseeeeceseesees
ww

precautions.
(explode) out of the crater!
understands the risks he’s
10 and TEV epi aio cateca ts (go) volcano surfing tomorrow.
taking.
Luke OfteRn ieiittegies covsrscezeaascavsssteens (go) mountain climbing.
OW

often gets injured.

WG cscscosasssscesce tienen nents (leave) for Chile next Monday.
underestimates the dangers of
Peosleras...ccotenticntoatsssutccess (look) at the volcano as lava
ss

volcano chasing.
ial See cca (flow) down during the eruption last night.
Martin suggests that ...
Use the adverbs to make sentences about you: every day,
A he sometimes takes photos
last week, at this time last Monday, ago, yet, now, for a month,
when he knows it’s too
already, since last weekend.
dangerous.
imbing volcano chasing is for anyone.
taking
volcanoes aren't as dangerous
Speaking & Writing
oggles
Seam et
as people think. Linn) Imagine you are Martin Rietze and you are
Orci a volcano is sometimes too close to an erupting volcano. What has happened? What
has to dangerous to photograph up can you hear and see? How do you feel? In three minutes,
SAA close. write a few sentences on the topic. Read them to the
class or your partner. Start like this: The volcano has just
erupted. | can hear...
(®) Vocabulary Bank1 pp. VB1-VB2) 9
 BUELL Rete]oL pp

Ere
DT lad
Accidents & injuries
1 a) ‘Listen and say.

b) Have you ever had any accidents similar to these?

Tell the class what happened.
_ lonce slammed a door on my finger at home. | had to go to hospital.

tree iy)
remote, canyon, sacrifice, climbing — ee er UEC R UCR CEL ul
gear, first aid kit, crack, disaster introduction. What sacrifice do you think Aron had
struck, boulder, trap, canyon wall, :
struggle, get free, chip away at, OU aOR Re
exhaustion, dehydration, delirious,
blunt penknife, administer first aid,
be missing, notify authorities, rescue
crew, live life to the fullest, prosthetic
arm, motivational speaker, disabled
athlete, troubled teenager, desperate
struggle, loved ones , ;
When 27-year-old Aron Ralston set out to climb in the
remote Blue John Canyon in Utah one Sunday in May 2003, he had no idea C
that he would have to make an incredible sacrifice to stay alive. W

Aron had gone climbing alone many times before, only body weight to bend his arm until he felt it break. Then, A‘
this time, he hadn’t told anyone where he was going using his blunt penknife, he slowly cut through his arm.
and he didn’t even take his mobile phone. Apart from The whole procedure took an hour. He administered
Aron R
his climbing gear, Aron carried only a backpack first aid to himself, then he fixed a rope to the rock and ona
containing a small first aid kit, a knife, a video camera, climbed down nearly 21 metres to the canyon floor. 1) AA2
Cae AN ECMO RCT ire After hiking 8 km, he came across a Dutch family who He had
Aron had been climbing all day and was about to stop, ee Mam lcm Lie Mil sre mal lmtom 1 aon and |
but as he was crossing a 1-metre wide crack in the Meanwhile, Aron’‘s friends and family had realised he 2) cdi!
canyon, disaster struck; a 365-kilo boulder moved and was missing and notified authorities who found out camere
CM UEC U RCM CLAM 2 | \ Multa Aron had used his credit card to buy groceries in Moab, Unfort
was no way he could move. Utah. When a rescue helicopter crew finally spotted while
At first Aron hoped that help would arrive, but nobody him, the rescuers were amazed to see Aron walking crack i!
came. He struggled to get free, and using his penknife, eM Re ema Mile malcom Ulu m Con cv@l Maly slippec
EXE With his prosthetic arm, he has become a better canyor
tried to chip away at the boulder without success.
free, E
ERE Aron used his video camera to keep a video Telli)
sl am UT L108(0 (| eo OL
five dé
diary and then to record a goodbye message to his motivational speaker, helping disabled athletes and
and 7)
parents. Fighting exhaustion and dehydration, Aron troubled teenagers. In 2010, a blockbuster film came
off his
became more and more delirious. out about his experience called 127 hours, the exact
free b
On the fifth day, Aron reached a decision to do the amount of time he spent trapped. Aron still
, one thing - the only thing - that could save his life: revisits Blue John Canyon to remember his- to finc
desperate struggle to survive and return to Today,
to cut off his own arm. [YQ He used his
his loved ones. that h
‘our A ms your
yainful leg - h ave stitches continuous

b) Read the text again. Five 4 Read the theory and find examples in
sentences are missing. Match the text in Ex. 2.
the sentences (A-F) to the We use the past perfect (had/hadn’t + past participle) for an action that’
gaps (1-5). There is one extra happened before another action in the past. He had left before she arrived.
sentence. Justify your Time expressions: before, after, until, by the time, already, yet
answers. | We use the past perfect continuous (had/hadn’t + been + verb -ing) for an
action that had been happening for a period of time before another action in
A It crushed Aron’s arm so tightly he | the past. She had been waiting for ten hours before help arrived.
ould only feel his fingertips. Time expressions: for, since
B if he didn’t rescue himself now, he We can use the past perfect or the past perfect continuous for an action which
wouldn't have the strength to do it later. finished in the past and whose results were visible in the past. They were very
C It was a struggle for him to get free. happy because they had managed to reach the top of the mountain. He was very tired.
on hasn’t let his accident stop him _ He had been hiking all day. (emphasis on duration)
: tom living life to the fullest.
5 Put the verbs in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
He felt sure he would be back before oe :
* nightfall 1 By the time we arrived at the canyon, it .S\@0....¢2DIO0N.
F Four days and freezing cold nights cant (stop) snowing. —, .
passed with Aron in terrible pain and 2 Jane's feet were aching because she
rviving on just sips of water and BATES svcsccgeses .. (walk) since early that morning.
pieces of chocolate. Most oecle rary Ald Nd
se(leave) before
b the volcano erupted.
Simon got lost because he ... kad... SQA. eee
3 Complete the summary using (not/take) a map with him. \
_ words/phrases from the ; ;
Julia and Amy were soaking wet because they
eer
.24Y..02....
ete box in the
depecicies Oh NGA A eo Mls (hike) in the rain.
correct form.
Use the phrases to make sentences. Put the verbs in bold
Aron Ralston, an experienced climber, went in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous. Use the
on, a trip into the remote Blue John adjectives in the phrases to talk about you.
1) yn .
He hadn't ld Savon where he was going 1 Jeff/happy — win first prize; 2 Lucy/tired - work/all morning;
and, he only had a knife, a small 3 Betty/sad — fail the test; 4 they/exhausted —- dig the garden/all
; , a video day; 5 Mark/thrilled - graduate from college
camera, and a few snacks with him.
Unfortunately, 3) <...d.MSS aah... | was happy because | hadpassed my test. | was tired because...
while he was crossing Bla -foot- wide
cack in the canyon. A 4) Speaking & Writing
slipped and trapped his del against the
canyon wall. He 5) .....1a.%o.8...... to get Q) (Pp Listen and read the text. Imagine you are
free, but he couldn‘t. He was ‘apoed for, interviewing Aron for a TV show. Prepare questions and
five days and he suffered from 6)% .> 89) answers. Present your TV interview to the class.
and 7) He hnaTraska,2.5) He ae te cut
off his own arm using a 8) 2s... to TV Presenter: Aron, great to have you on the show! Now, was this the
free himself, Mears hile, ig amy had \Mpveirst time you had gone climbing alone? etc
B) Warns. 0 managed
to find him walking to his truck. < oe el, | ~ ir Did Aron’s decision surprise you? Why? Do
' Today, he has a 10) se 3 you agree with his decision? In three minutes, write a
| that helps him lead a normal life. few sentences. Tell your partner or the class.
(9) Vocabulary Bank 1 pp. VB3-VB4) 1 4
 'p Culture Co}
4 How do you think Hurricane
Katrina affected New Orleans?
\,, Listen and read to find out.
2 Read again and match the
subheadings (A-G) to the
paragraphs (1-6). There is one A HURRICANE ‘KATRINA:
extra heading. Compare with
your partner. Which words
THE TRAGEDY OF NEW ORLEANS
helped you decide? [1 | _
On Tuesday, 23rd August, 2005, a tropical storm formed over the
Surrounded by water Bahamas, about 560 km east of Miami, Florida. By 25" August, the storm
aOnmonw YP

Gathering strength had strengthened and become Hurricane Katrina. Residents of the city of
New Orleans had no idea that within days, 80% of their city would be
Collapsing buildings
underwater in one of the worst disasters in US history.
Moving on

Ny
The birth of the storm [2 | |
Hurricane Katrina was one of the most powerful storms that has ever hit
Help at last the Atlantic coast with winds of over 270 km per hour. As it became 1 Lo
An awful situation stronger over the Gulf of Mexico, the mayor of New Orleans declared a fay
3 Match the words in bold with state of emergency and started evacuating the city. When the eye of the i
storm missed the city by about 72 km, everyone thought the worst was ph
their meanings: broke, manage,
over, but they were very wrong. tho
moved from the sea to land,
sending people to a place of safety, [3] ) "I
New Orleans has always been under threat from flooding. With the | enjoy d
old people, in danger, asking
Mississippi River on two sides, Lake Pontchartrain to the north and most but | hat
anxiously, stealing, announced. of the city 150-300 m below sea level, a series of high walls, called
4 Fillin: threat, recovery, beg, levees, protect it. As the hurricane came ashore, it brought an 800- 2 @
declare, shelters, pump, tropical, metre-high storm surge that rode the rivers up to New Orleans, and
smashed through the levees. “V
level, rise, struggle, lose, eye.
[4] “%
D ereasvchhe STON 2 c.<sesescssa---c 4 State Over a million residents had already left the city, but tens of thousands, |)
of emergency; 3 the .......0 of the mainly the elderly and the poor, were in temporary shelters. As the eA
storm; 4 be under . . from; waters rose, people were begging for help on roofs, and neighbourhoods
were suffering from looting and violence. Emergency services struggled 3 we
5 below sea wc) 6 in temporary
to cope. Beg
oj T Wai rete caancsersy 8 stccraieinrs
for fielp; 9. . Sanaa to cope; [5] | ,
Eventually, the military and the National Guard moved into the city and — Andy:
BG accatuaetssosone WATER OUTS BM sscccscsacasaae began to get food and water to the desperate few that remained. After | Becky:
their lives; 12 make a slow ...........0..... 43 days, army engineers pumped the last of the flood water out of the Andy:
city. Almost #1,500 people had lost their lives because of Hurricane Becky:
5 ir Imagine you lived Katrina in New Orleans alone. :
through Hurricane Katrina. Use Andy:
the phrases in Ex. 4 to narrate
[6 | |
These days, New Orleans is making a slow recovery. The city has Beck
your experience to the class. improved the levees, the community is rebuilding itself, and everyone is ecky:
working hard to make sure that nothing like this will ever happen again.
6 rere Find information
about a disaster that happened in
your/another country. Find out:
what kind of disaster it was, when/why
strengthen, residents, declare, state of emergency, evacuate, eye
it happened, what happened, what the
of the storm, below sea level, come ashore, levee, storm surge,
situation is now. Compare it to the smash, looting, violence, emergency services, struggle to cope, the
disaster in New Orleans. military, desperate, army engineers, pump, slow recovery, rebuild
12
 5.30 Backyardigans ° -hannel ; Find sentences in
children's: programme
oe, ut Simpsons — Jamie's 30-minute Meals the dialogue which
cartoon cooking programme
0 The Bold and the 2 Wild! mean: Actually, I'm
i Sister Sportsline - Fee : ,
Beautiful - soap opera wildlife programme sports programme
6.30 The Daily Show — Hurri cane Katrina i lhe option?
another a : a-
-
talk show documentary a oe ah think I'd enjoy that. -
7.00 ee Idol - Big Brother - No problem.
alent show Deal or No Deal -
reality show game show
8.00 News & Weather
Grey's Anatomy- CSI: New York -
hospital drama police drama Intonation: echo

questions
5 Replace the underlined words
7
aq
———
with what, how much, how long,
.
es or what time.
LS ‘,, Listen and check. Listen
Look at the TV guide. Which are your favourite/least again and say.
favourite TV programmes? Why? Use the adjectives/
phrases boring, interesting, educational, funny, relaxing, exciting, He’s watching a horror film.
thought-provoking, silly, predictable, a waste of time, and your He’s watching a what?
own ideas and tell your partner. & It's a documentary about floods.
a ‘ The film’s on at 10 o’clock.
enjoy documentaries because | find them interesting and educational, He's paid $10,000 a show.
shut hate... The Simpsons have been running
2 |. Listen and say. Pay attention to the intonation. for over 20 years.
«What are you watching this for? « It's nearly finished.
* What's on later? * Why don’t you look in the TV guide?
Speaking
* | like the sound of that. « Isn’t there anything else on? CP It’s 5:50. Decide what
* As long as we can change the channel at 8. * That's fine with me! to watch on TV. Use the
'., Listen and read the dialogue. What do Andy and sentences in Ex. 2 and the TV
Becky decide to watch on TV? What TV show starts at 8? guide to act out your own
dialogue. Follow the plan.
}Andy: What are you watching this for? Documentaries are boring!
Becky: | happen to find it interesting. Anyway, it’s nearly finished. © eo
Andy: What's on later? Express your~ Say it’s nearly
Becky: | don’t know. Why don’t you look in the TV guide? dislike for
Andy: OK. Well, after this there’s a reality show on Channel 2 or what's on TV.
a game show on Channel 3. Ask B what's
Becky: | can't stand game shows and | don’t like reality shows on. the TV guide.
either. Isn't there anything else on? Tell B two Express dislike & ask
Andy: American Idol is on Channel 1. We can watch that. options. about another
} Becky: What is it? option.
Andy: It's a talent show. Suggest Agree but say
Becky: OK. | like the sound of that! As long as we can change the another option / another show you
channel at 8. | want to see CSI. want to watch later.
) Andy: OK. That's fine with me! Agree
Ee oe ee (9) Vocabu
Bank 1lar
pp. VB5-VB6
y) | 3
 r phenomena
In three minutes, complete the word map
with as many words as you can. Compare
with your partner.

) ira Close your eyes and listen to

the music and sounds. What is the
weather like? What can you hear,
see, feel, smell? Tell the class. ~

(Listen and say. Have you heard of any of

these phenomena? Which can you see in
the pictures?

* raining animals © giant hailstones * pink snow

ered rain * a never-ending lightning storm
¢ ball lightning * a fire tornado ¢ blue moon
* a moonbow (lunar rainbow)

PICO Ot BPI rin

Read the title of the text and the subtitles.

Which of the weather phenomena are they
about?
(,, Listen and read to find out. Complete the sentences using words from the
SESS box in the correct form.
Read again and mark the sentences T (true),
F (false) or DS (doesn’t say). Justify your ACCONGING TOARG: ose Rhea senc eos eer eon
answers. it will rain this evening. ,
If you are out ina AS. AIEEE & settetth,
1 ‘trains a lot in Catatumbo, Venezuela. seneee
never take shelter under big trees.
2 It's possible that the Catatumbo The devastating tsunami in Japan made ..........
lightning is helping the Earth. aeeeee
., shocking people everywhere, | sy
Ball lightning appears for longer Most sorpadues in the northern hemisphere — 5
Te

than normal lightning. eeeene

CORNERO e EEE R OEE REE E ORE Ree eee ee eee eee eee eee eRe eee ed eee eee Ah
Fire tornados can happen when in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock. | pi
a fire is very hot and it’s windy. A vesccsseserssserreesererssereveree DFOKE OUt Causing the cc
mone

They don’t happen very often. whole area to flood. sc

The rain of fish is a new phenomenon. Scientists are WOrKING Nard tO .......cscsereesereseens ) ra
Strong winds probably cause it. the ozone layer before it is too late. fe

i — A te al =
 } weather forecast, wrap up warm, never-ending,
+ lightning storm, weather phenomena, constantly,
+ crash into, violent, silver lining, nitrogen oxide,
+ restore, ozone layer, occur, whirling, temperature,

(Stuaysxins_ 3°" | wildfire, make world news, astonished, spin, ignite,

rare, region, witness, violent storm, miracle,
Idioms | underground river, above ground
Learning idioms improves your ability to read in
English and understand colloquial conversation. b) Use the idioms to complete the gaps.
ee idioms in the English language to idioms in Take your big umbrella with you. It is
our language. This will help you remember them.
outside!
Go HEN Be Sarco ccscvececsesiee<cucnevonsonsesenass
Jane always leaves when there’s a problem,
a) Match the idioms (1-5) with their SHES SUCIES®: sotsrctsnsscnceccs
meanings (A-E). Are there similar ones | found a new job that | like better ate fesind
in your language? my old one. You See) ..... 0 Rseacestetererecessessses |
today. She's got a cold.
r | raining cats and dogs
every cloud has a silver lining
fair-weather friend
Tell your partner four things you have
in a fog
learnt from the text.
| Is under the weather
however bad the situation is, something iii Imagine you have experienced
positive always comes from it one of the weird phenomena in the texts.
confused, puzzled In three minutes, write about your
someone who is only around when things are good experience and feelings. Tell the class. Start
rain very heavily like this: /’m in the region of Yoro, Honduras. It
feels a bit ill has been raining since morning. Right now it’s ...
15
[<9

‘p Disasters The Day the Earth —

1
Vocabulary & Reading
a) Read the headlines and fill
moved.
On 11th March, 2011, at 14:46 local time, an undersea
Read
sente
in: CLOSED DOWN, WASHES earthquake struck off the northeastern coast of Japan. The forceof -—«- each.
AWAY, RUNNING WATER, the earthquake, the most powerful in Japan's history, triggered a (1-5).
UNDERSEA, STRIKES, FORCE, devastating tsunami. The world faced a partial nuclear sente
meltdown and the planet moved on its axis, shortening the length
EVACUATED.
of every day by 1.8 milliseconds. It was a terrible national tragedy — A Closer
\,) Listen and check. Say the that the country will need a great deal of time to recover from. collap:
headlines in your language. In the days before the main earthquake, Japan had experienced — ripped
WEASSIVE: 9) is csssssseccssesscerenss quite a few foreshocks, some of which exceeded magnitude 7, bul B The e\
| EARTHQUAKE 2) ccsssscssssssessseeseess nothing could prepare the nation for the main shock, a magnitude nuclea
OFF THE COAST OF JAPAN 9 quake. It was strong enough to be felt hundreds of kilometres increa:
ee away in Tokyo where buildings shook violently and many office ¢ Many
10-METRE TSUNAMI workers ran out onto the streets terrified. Much worse was their li
3) srecssessessessesoree HOUSES & CAR yet to come as the authorities issued a tsunami warning. entire \
S
Frantic residents headed for high ground, rooftops or upper floor D Sadly,
of buildings. Soon after, a wall of water, 10 m high in some a
A) cocnactuecensrecenence OF JAPAN QUAKE
rolled across the Pacific Ocean and crashed into the coast. | SE
MOVES ISLAND BY 2.4 METRES One giant wave even crashed through an airport in Sendai, leavi t E eae
ne ec 1,300 people stranded on the upper floors. The waters reached uy e
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS IN to 10 km inland before heading back out to sea, now loaded wit F !t wast
QUAKE AREAS 5) ..00o... ee. debris and leaving a swamp-like landscape of landslides and muc - and hur
TV viewers couldn't believe their eyes as these scenes wer them a
HALF A MILLION JAPANESE 6) ..ss-sevecsssvse broadcast around the world. into wh
THEIR HOUSES &1.4 MILLION WITHOUT By this time, many areas were without electricity as pylons ha
crumbled which caused a major disaster at Japan’s nuclear powe
stations. [4] | The government immediately ordered a4 Match °
evacuation of hundreds of thousands of residents. Explosion ;
____b) Use the headlines to tell a
rocked the plant as courageous technicians struggled to contr
with th
;
~~ the class what you think the damage and prevent a nuclear meltdown. tightly,¢
happened in Japan in @2~ Over the next few days, a large number of aftershocks continue —-oken ii
March 2011. to shake Japan, causing plenty of problems for rescue teamse = ncompkk
they raced to find survivors. Several countries sent relief worker of bricks,
in March 2011, an undersea @¢ rth L and the world held its breath while it waited to see how the tragec very wet,
struck off the coas t Si
of Japan. would end. [5|| Over 15,000 people died that day ar
i mi
thousands more were missing. Several amazing tales of surviv
> Write down three puestion aiaeS I came to the attention of the world’s press, though. A 4-month-o G
_ you would like to ask about baby girl was pulled alive from the rubble four days after tt ram
earthquake. A man was found clinging to his rooftop as it wi Quant
this disaster then read the
floating 14 km out at sea 2 days after the tsunami. And there w:
ext. Can you answer your the Japanese student in California, desperate for news of her id a) Writ
uestions? we family, who found them on a YouTube news clip. It showed h U (u
sister holding up a sign and sending a desperately-need: each
message of hope across the world: “We all survived.”
1° not any ¢
a few .....

strike, devastating, nuclear meltdown, axis, foreshock, = *"""""

exceed, shake, epicentre, authorities, warning, head for, rc 3 little ......
across, crash into, loaded (with), debris, landslide, mud, little
pylon, evacuation, explosion, courageous, technician, n
: ot muc
struggle, aftershock, relief worker, desperate, collapse, rip li
apart, blaze, force, sweep away, inland, slam into a little .....
j
a
3 Read the text again. Five b) Choose the correct words. Explain your answers,
sentences are missing. Match then make sentences using the other words.
each sentence (A-F) to a gap Were there any/some aftershocks after the earthquake?
(1-5). There is one extra Rescue workers found very few/little survivors in the rubble.
sentence. A lot of/Much people lost their loved ones in the earthquake.
Closer to the epicentre, buildings There was only a little/a few water left.
collapsed, roads and railways were Most/Too much people in the town didn’t have some/any
ripped apart and fires blazed. electricity after the earthquake.
The evacuation zone around the There wasn’t much/many hope of finding any/some survivors
nuclear power plant was soon in the burning building.
increased to 20 km.
Read the sentences. Which phrase is not possible in each
Many thousands of people lost
sentence? Which can be followed by: a countable,
their lives and roads, buildings and
uncountable noun? Find more examples in the text in Ex. 2.
entire villages were swept away.
Sadly, there were hardly any There was a large amount of/a great deal of/a number of/
survivors. plenty of rain in the days after the earthquake.
Without power, the cooling system He heard quite a lot of/quite a few/a little/plenty of amazing
at the Fukushima No. 1 Plant failed. survival stories after the disaster.
lt washed away houses and cars
There were no/hardly any/any/a small number of survivors.
and hurled ships far inland, carrying
Much/A large number of/Several/A couple of nuclear power
them along and slamming them
plants were damaged during the earthquake.
into whatever lay in their path.
All/Several/Every/Each of them had lost their homes.

Fill in: the whole of, both, neither, either, none. Check in the
Match the highlighted words Grammar Reference section.
with their meanings: holding on
tightly, panicked & frightened, Anna nor Steve were in Japan when the
broken into small pieces, started, earthquake struck.
incomplete, unable to leave, pieces the tsunami and the earthquake caused
of bricks, stones & other materials, terrible oe
very wet, violently threw. .. the world was shocked.
. We leave now or wait until they come.
Lots as sane were in the building when the fire broke out,
Grammar but fortunately ........csesesesseseessessesseeeeseese OF them got hurt.

Quantifiers Make sentences based on the text using: the whole of,
a large amount of, hardly any, most people, little hope, a few.
a) Write C (countable),
U (uncountable) next to Speaking & Writing
each word.
ior (,) Listen and read the text. Imagine you
not any C/U, few were in Japan on the day of the earthquake and tsunami
a few ......, most in March 2011. Where were you? What did you see and
not many . ., some ......, a lot of hear? How did you feel? In a few minutes, write a few
, too many ...... sentences. You can use the headlines in Ex 1a. Tell your
little , too much , very partner or the class.
little
not much , lots of 10 OY draw a picture or find pictures to raise
a little awareness of the victims of the disaster in Japan.
Present it/them to the class.
 nt
4 rail accide
2 landslide
3 flood
plosion
4 factory ex
dent
5 road acci
h
6 plane cras
storm
7 severe/freak
l disaster
8 environmenta
9 tsunami
40 earthquake
41 wat
42 avalanche

oOnmonowPp
Vocabulary Hic
Disasters Tay] TRAIN COLLISION INJURES 50 ran - De
a
1 a) ‘,,’Listen and say the eT Violent Tremors Hit earn City ,Tc |
Osi Rey itt beatae Coa Le:
types of disasters. Which are:
natural? influenced by man? Which BT Minion eat Be

can you see in the pictures? 3 Co

b) Which accident/disaster (1-12) best \ GEM CITY CENTRE BUILDINGS we
matches each of the headlines (A-H). WIN EaT ets
Which words helped you decide? 1G] | Rising River
2 4) ‘,,Listen to some people describing Waters Close Reads
DUBE Side Of Mountain
the disasters in the pictures 1-4. Match the Collapses Onto Homes wt
descriptions A-D to the disasters 1-4. mc
b) Choose a picture and describe it to your Listening ha|
partner in as much detail as possible.
‘,, You'll hear a radio news report. For
Speaking questions 1-5, listen and tick (/)
a(r
on
Giving bad news & reacting T (true) or F (false).
Wr
3 CP Use the headlines in Ex. 1b and the
The train crash happened at
language in the box to make exchanges, as in
lunchtime.
the example. eve
2 No one died in the accident.
Giving bad news Reacting The reason for the lights’ failure
bui
* Did you hear? There’s been e t's awful, isn’t it? isn't known yet.
* Did you see/hear about the ...on/* Ohno! That's awful/ The flood is due to a burst Tel
the news? terrible! water pipe. thi
* Have you heard? * Really? How horrible! The town suffered a worse tsu
* Guess what happened! « | don't believe it! flood last year.
¢ You'll never guess what's happened! |* That's so sad/
5 lic
* Look at this! depressing, etc.
(PLP Choose a disaster which was in infi
A: Did you hear? There’s been a major train crash and 50 the news last month. Prepare a short Use
people have been injured. news report for the local TV station. Talk Pre
B: It’s awful, isn’t it? about: place, date, event, what happened. the
18
 a 4
Curricular: Geograpt
How Tsunamis work upwarp
WAVE

three questions you would like

to ask.
(,) Listen and read to see if
you can answer your questions.

Read again and match the

subheadings (A-G) to the
paragraphs (1-6). There is one
extra heading.

A A frequent phenomenon
B Happening one after the other
€ High tide 1|
D Deadly power oy tsunami is a large wave wat
£ Asudden movement travels at great speed towards
F Less by degree A wave land. They are usually caused by
an undersea earthquake, but they
G Below the surface
‘omplete the sentences with
of disaster can also happen after a large
undersea landslide and an
words/phrases from the underwater volcanic eruption

a box. 2
A tsunami can be ca
— When an undersea earthquake happens, the Earth’s tectonic plates move
used by a(n) ) ; suddenly downwards or upwards. This usually happens on a fault line and
srsdheeassagesinoesdeeisnaras, URNCerWater, one plate slides below the neighbouring plate causing a large amount of
iy When the Earth's . Bee water to be forced upwards
move suddenly, an nap aeshatiake ee
happens. This water forms a wave. Just like when you throw a pebble into a lake, the
water ripples outwards. It is the same with a tsunami, but the water doesn't
3 A tsunami is similar to throwing
stop moving until it reaches land.
A(N) ..sseseseeeereeese INtO a lake, but o=———0~
on a much larger... « As te wave moves towards land, it increases in speed and strength. Not
4 When the water reaches the .. all tsunamis are giant waves when they hit the shore, though. Many of them
and comes come inland as a strong and fast tide. However, the impact of the water often
soeee eee eee . it destroys destroys everything in its path
ything in its . ian sisssaapeabiatviens : 5|
After the initial tsunami hits land, there are often other waves following it, that
Shatin anid
d destroy ecosystems. can be just as big, which slowly get smaller over time. The same as the ripples
from the pebble mentioned before, but on a much larger scale.
Tell your partner or write four [6 | |
things you have learnt about Water is a very powerful force and can cause tremendous damage. As well as
tsur lair lis. the loss of life that a tsunami can cause, it can flatten buildings and trees and
destroy whole ecosystems.

| *Collect more
information about tsunamis.
Use the key word: tsunami speed, undersea landslide, volcanic eruption, tectonic plates, fault
Present your information to line, slide, force, pebble, ripple, outwards, shore, come inland, fast
tide, impact, in its path, initial, on a larger scale, tremendous
the class. ~ ae damage, loss of life, flatten, ecosystem
—" 3
ao
 BD Writing
A story 2 Read the story and answer the questions. 5 v
Ti h
1 How does the writer set the scene?
fr
Writing stories a 2 What is the climax event?
3 What happened in the end? 1 om
Stories can be about real or imaginary situations.
4 How did the characters feel? 2 sc
They can be in first person (/, we) or third person
3° tri
(he, she, they). Before we start writing a story, we
4 gc
first decide on the type of story, the main
5 we
characters and the plot.
In the first paragraph, we set the scene (when/
6 Fil
LY Stl Own
F
where it happened, main characters, weather,
sui
what happened first). During my summer holiday, my friend James and | were
fro
In the main body paragraphs, we describe the travelling across the USA. One day, we decided to take a —
events in the order they happened leading to the journey on a steam train which became a thrilling adventure. ed

climax event (the main event), and the main event. Little did we know that we were in for a terrifying experience. ®cé
In the final paragraph, we write what happened We had been enjoying the smooth ride when something em
in the end and how the character(s) felt. went terribly wrong. We had just come out of a tunnel and |
1 The
We normally use past tenses and time linkers (as, we were slowly making our way down a hill when suddenly
and
when, after, later, while, suddenly, finally, etc.) to help there was a loud screeching noise. Then, instead of slowing ©
the reader follow our story. We can also use a down we began to speed up.
2 | felt
variety of adjectives and adverbs and direct speech People started screaming frantically. As we all held onto our |
wher
to make our =e more interesting to the reader. seats, the train started rocking dangerously from side to
— —SSS— SSS =
wave
side. A man got out of his seat and ran quickly to the front
towa
of the train. A few minutes later, the train began to slow
down. Soon after that, we pulled into the next station and
sky a
we all got up anxiously to see what had happened. It seems
Understanding rubrics poure
the driver had hit his head and fallen unconscious.
To plan your piece of writing you need to 4 Simo
understand the rubric as it contains information Luckily, the passenger had got there in time to slow down
acros:
on the imaginary situation, the imaginary the train and save the day. We were relieved to hear that no
reader which will help you decide what style one had been hurt and that the driver was well.
7 Fillin
you will write in, the type of writing and any
specific details. eventt
3 Put the events in the order they happened.
Compare with your partner. TW) coveaaneen
London, w
Read the rubric and look at the key words [Al] We heard a screeching noise. spend the
in bold. Answer the questions. We pulled into the next station. we came <
James and | went on a train journey. Breakfast”
i A travel magazine has asked its readers to send we were yv
[D]__] A man ran to the front of the train.
: short stories describing a nasty holiday
= ee ee

young man
[E[_] The driver hit his head.
hae

1 experience you had. The best story wins a three- coldly then«
day visit to London. Write your story for the LF] | The train began to speed up. saying a we
1 competition (120-180 words). [G]_] The train started to slow down. heard a scre
eee
[H]_] The driver was well. man came |
1 What are you going to write? very scared!
Who is going to read it? hands were :
h

Which adjectives has the writer used to we said a wo

What should your piece of writing be about?
Ww

describe the following? said, “I saw

How many words should you write in?
T) FAS dec csersdctdcictensee: 2 .. ride waiting for
Will your narrative be in the first person or the
wn

iP) ccs sae

third person. adventure 3 .. Noise
20
 Nrite the adverbs the writer
has used to describe the
Setting the scene
following:
When we write a story we start by setting the scene. To do so, we
MAKING OUF WAY .......sceceseesereneerees imagine we are looking at a picture and try to describe the place
(where), the time (when), the weather, the people involved (who),
Hain rOCKING ....ssessecsessessvesesseesveees and what happens. We can use our senses to make the descriptions
ot out of his seat ........scssseceeeenes more vivid. We can describe what we see (eg. a cute dog), hear
(barking), feel (soft grass) or smell (eg. the scent of orange trees).
BE DOU UP! sicivsesaecerstevaaveserasaes

fill in the sentences with a 8 Look at the picture and use the prompts to set the
‘suitable adjective or adverb scene. Start with the sentence given.
from the list.
‘deafening «dark ¢ rapidly
carefully * terrified * violently
*massive * heavy
The thunder was . it
cand the ailous 3were shakiiia
Steve cold never expect his iieabend trip would end like this.
Pl felt absolutely ..........ceccseeeseeees
when | SaW the ..........ssccseeeeceeees Q Put the pictures in the correct order (1-4) to make the
WAVE TUSHING svisvissiaisredsacsatscisaiers
outline of a story.
towards us. (, Listen and check.
.. Clouds filled the
aaas she. dteeaenacceen TOM
poured down.
SIMON ROVE! -ciccasvesnisarescasersvensvseres
wi across the bridge.
it no
Fill in: suddenly, before, and then,
eventually, as soon as, while, and.
hed.
eaaixsissrcsixsviivebessasevses we reached
pndon, we looked for somewhere to
Band ALG: SILI Se) scab sasacansennsesslirsesneces
came across a small nice “Bed &
Beaiast’ LOLI. «B)ccncenrsrsoeenestyrssonenseee 10 A magazine has asked its readers to send in stories (120-
e were waiting at the reception, a 180 words) about a nasty experience. Use the pictures in
pug man entered. He looked at us
Ex. 9 to write the story. Follow the plan.
py
l¢ then disappeared in the lift without
inga word. 4)... wadetdaseoteut, WO
he2 a scream, Minutes later the young
nan came down the stairs, He looked _ Para: — set the scene: characters, when/where, weather (One hot day,
iery scared 5)... (uss nabacnaere tls is Matt &...., After they...)
hands were shaking. 6) «. a Paras 2/3: events in order they happened & climax event (By the time
D fe' said a word he grabbed my ‘hand end tr they got...., Dark clouds... ., All of a sudden, ...)
“| saw him. He is in my room _ Para 4: what happened in the end, feelings (Before long... Everyone
‘ide Sing for me. Please, help me.” sighed with relief.)
i Bisissssssvieta mans he fainted.
noise
(®] Writing
Bank: stories) 2 1
 Skills Practice
Reading Speaking
1 a) Read the rubric, then read the text through once. ? a) Answer the question.
What is it about?
What do you like/dislike watching
i You are going to read a text about a strange news : on TV. Why?
;' story. For gaps 1-7, choose the sentence A-H which ' e.g.n
1 best fits each gap. There is one extra sentence. I
b) «)Listen and read.
b) Now do the task. Compare your answers with your Underline the words/
partner, justifying your choices. phrases the person uses to
express his likes/dislikes.
MWe TMs es sh Us What reasons does he
0
it was the night before OUR PROGRAMM...
E give? A
Halloween, 1938, and families around the
USA changed stations on their radios to find themselves listening B |
| enjoy watching a variety of TV
to a radio programme featuring Ramon Raquello and his Orchestra. C I
programmes, but | just love police
y=] “A huge flaming object” had fallen out of the sky in Grover’s Mill, New D [
dramas like CSI. | find them really
Jersey. The programme returned to the music, but then broke off almost
exciting and interesting. |’m not really E 7
immediately for another bulletin. Something was climbing out of the smoke-filled
a fan of soap operas, though, and | F E
crater, something from another planet.
Listeners panicked. Some ran onto the streets using wet towels as gas masks and can't stand watching reality shows. |
some raced to be with their families in their last moments. [3] ] Also, phonelines think both of these are silly and a
were jammed as desperate citizens tried to find out exactly what was happening. waste of time.
What these people didn’t realise was that they were listening to Orson Welles’
radio play of the science-fiction classic, The War of the Worlds. Welles’
impressive production staged the events of the invasion as if they were really
happening. [4] ] It was so realistic that thousands of listeners were 3 € {> Ask and answer the
convinced that a real alien invasion was taking place even though an announcer
questions, using phrases from
had in fact stated at the beginning and about 45 and 50 minutes into it that the
show was fiction. Even towards the end of the show Orson Welles took a break the language box below. Try to
from playing his character to remind listeners that the show was a Halloween sound natural.
trick ‘like dressing up in a sheet and jumping out of a bush and saying ‘boo!’.
In those days, most people got their news from newspapers and radio. The 1 What kinds of films do you like/
trouble is a lot of people only heard a portion of the show due to the atmosphere of dislike watching? Why?
anxiety that existed just before World War Il, they considered an invasion of this type 2 Do you like reading? Why/Why
possible and took the show for a real live new broadcast. [6[ | However, some
not? If so, what do you read?
experts suggested that the media exaggerated and a later study would show that
out of the 6 million people who heard the broadcast 1.7 million believed it to be true 3 What do you enjoy doing in your
but very few people took any action other than calling the emergency services. spare time?
So, how did it all end? | 7] | The following day, Welles’ name was all over the 4 Do you like using the Internet? If
newspapers and there were calls for the government to pass laws to stop similar things
so, what for?
ever happening again. Orson Welles will never be forgotten as the man who convinced
America that the Martians had landed!
© | really/quite like/
A Others loaded guns and hid in cellars, preparing to defend themselves sie | (just) hate ...
against whatever had landed! Joy...
| I! 't
e |'m fond of... P ty een
9

Sai

B Reporters presented eye-witness accounts, the authorities advised | ies

citizens and scientists gave informed opinions. ¢ | (absolutely) love
=

\'m not keen on

I>rms

When people found out that the invasion was just a radio play, they
==
oO

were furious.
«I'm (really) keen
re

Suddenly, a voice interrupted it with some breaking news.

=

¢ |'m not really a

On ... net
Qaumo

Welles was arrested by the police. an Of...

It was an alien invasion! « | think that ... is/ ;
It was reported that some people claimed that they actually saw * | find ... borina/
explosions in the sky and smelt poison gas.
are really si
exciting, etc yo
fascinating, etc eal
So how were so many people fooled so easily?
=x

22
 through the Lens}
I've been a photojournalist for the last twenty years and
I'm 0) frequently asked about the difference between
Listening what | do and what an 1)....... photographer does. Well,
| a) \,’Read the rubric and the headings most photographers — paparazzi, wildlife photographers,
sports photographers, to 2)....... but a few — use their
Final A-F, Think of words you expect to hear
images to illustrate an article; my photos don't have
9 in each report. words. | take a 3)....... of pictures that, ! believe, get
g. narrow escape — lucky, no one hurt... to the 4)....... of the story. It could be a 5)....... like
Somalia or a disaster like Hurricane Katrina and it often
t You will hear 5 different news reports1 means spending weeks away from home.
' from a radio programme. Match the! One of the things | love about my job is the 6)....... .
to ; speakers (1-5) to the news headlines (A- Depending on the story, | might be dodging bullets in a
: F). There is one extra news headline. ' WAL 7) aiseoes , Staying in a village in India or walking the
streets of Manchester with the homeless. | go where the
story is. Is it dangerous? Sometimes, but it's 8)....... it. |
A NARROW ESCAPE met a woman three weeks ago who told me that: my.
Speaker 1
¥ B DISASTER AT SEA rs coverage of war victims in Somalia had inspired her to
C HOPE AFTER THE DISASTER become a doctor. She works for Médecins Sans
— 3
Speaker Frontiéres and travels the world helping - injured.
.ly D DISRUPTION TO DAILY LIVES
peaker
ly — TAKEN BY SURPRISE The job is changing, though, with digital Fe atin:
| F PAYING FOR A WRONG Speaker 5 Photographers used to wait days or weeks for the
| DECISION 10)5 verre. moment to get the shot, but with a HD video
a camera, you can film continuously and then just freeze-
b) ‘,,!Do the task. Which words helped frame to get the perfect picture. I'm old-fashioned,
you decide? though, | still rely on my photographer's instincts and _ il
a camera that's been with me from Alaska to &
Reading Zanzibar. It was with me. when | took Same of
my most moving
pictures — the ones
of the 33 Chilean
Multiple choice cloze miners 11) .......
Read the text once to understand the general after two months
idea, then read it again sentence by sentence. Pay underground. The 12).......
their faces and the faces of their
attention to the words before and after each gap.
families will stay with me for
Look at the choices and choose the best one. Read a lifetime - and | have the
the completed text to check if it makes sense. pictures to prove it!

y D usually
5 Read the rubric. Then read the title of the 0 Aregularly B habitually C frequentl
C familiar D a
text and look at the picture. What could the 1 A ordinary B routine
C say D at
text be about? Read through quickly and 2 A call B name
C suite D a
check to get the general idea. 3 A queue B row
D 2 .
B heart C inside
4 A centre Ds be n
; You are going to read a text about a } 8B battle C fight
5 Aconflict D va "
photojournalist. I
6 A difference B diversity C range |
i ; For questions 1-12 choose the best answer; C space D ihn
7 A area B place
D oi
BS Pease wine men Meee a 8 A cost B merit C value
eas
B gain C get
9 A achieve : sae |
B correct C true
§ Do the task. Compare your answers with 10 A good
B rescued C recovered
your partner. Which words before and after 141 Areleased D sensation |
B feeling C sense
each gap helped you? e 12 Aemotion
=~

23