Getting Started with Current Sense

Amplifiers Video Series

Session 4: How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor

1
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Overview
• Definition of Shunt Resistor
• Primary factors that influence the choice of the shunt resistor
• Calculating a maximum value of the shunt resistor for an application
• Shunt resistor tolerance error
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
What is a Shunt Resistor?
Bus Supply

+
+
Vsense Rsh
–
- I

Load
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Primary Factors for choosing a Shunt
1. Minimum Current Accuracy
2. Maximum Current Power dissipation (Size and Cost)

4
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Minimum Current Accuracy

Vsense - 1 mV +

- Iload

O ∗ 100
∗
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Minimum Current Accuracy

1 mV - 1 mV +

1
∗ 100 100 %
1
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Minimum Current Accuracy

10 mV - 1 mV +

1
∗ 100 10 %
10
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Maximum Current Power Dissipation

Vsense Rsh - 1 mV +

- Iload

" # $ ∗ %
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Power Dissipation vs Minimum Current Accuracy tradeoff

Shunt resistor vs Power

dissipation
at full scale current (10 A )

Shunt resistor vs Offset Rsh - 1 mV +

error at minimum
current (1 A)

∗ 100 Iload_min = 1 A; Iload_max = 10 A

∗ _
& ' " # $ ( ∗ _ ' %
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Power Dissipation vs Minimum Current Accuracy tradeoff

Shunt resistor vs Power

dissipation
at full scale current (10 A )

Shunt resistor vs Offset Rsh - 1 mV +

error at minimum
current (1 A)

1
∗ 100 20 % Iload_min = 1 A; Iload_max = 10 A
5 Ω ∗ 1 ,
& ' " # $ ( 5 Ω ∗ 10 ,% = 0.5 W
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Power Dissipation vs Minimum Current Accuracy tradeoff

Shunt resistor vs Power

dissipation
at full scale current (10 A )

Shunt resistor vs Offset Rsh - 1 mV +

error at minimum
current (1 A)

1
∗ 100 20 % Iload_min = 1 A; Iload_max = 10 A
5 Ω ∗ 1 ,
& ' " # $ ( 5 Ω ∗ 10 ,% = 0.5 W
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Power Dissipation vs Minimum Current Accuracy tradeoff

Shunt resistor vs Power

dissipation
at full scale current (10 A )

Shunt resistor vs Offset Rsh - 1 mV +

error at minimum
current (1 A)

1
∗ 100 20 % Iload_min = 1 A; Iload_max = 10 A
5 Ω ∗ 1 ,
& ' " # $ ( 5 Ω ∗ 10 ,% = 0.5 W
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Power Dissipation vs Minimum Current Accuracy tradeoff

Shunt resistor vs Power

dissipation
at full scale current (10 A )

Shunt resistor vs Offset Rsh - 1 mV +

error at minimum
current (1 A)

1
∗ 100 15 % Iload_min = 1 A; Iload_max = 10 A
6.66 Ω ∗ 1 ,
& ' " # $ ( 6.66 Ω ∗ 10 ,% = 0.66 W
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Maximum value of Sense resistor
1. Maximum load current
2. Full-scale output range of the sensing device (Vout)
3. Gain

23 4 567
& ' 0 1 0 0
8697:2: ; 6< =2>> 3
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Shunt Resistor Tolerance Error
• Maximum deviation from the ideal value, expressed as a percentage.

@
, 0 ? ∗
100

A
, 0 10 Ω ? ∗ 10 Ω 10 Ω ? 0.1 Ω
ABB

9.9 mΩ 10.1 mΩ
 How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Example
PARAMETER VALUES PARAMETER EQUATION RESULT (INA199A1)

Iload_min 100 mA Rsh_Max (Max Current- 0 4 C 5 4 50 / 10 mΩ

:69
shunt resistor value) _ ' 10 ,

Iload_max 10 A Psh (Current-sense resistor " ∗ _ '% 10 mΩ ∗ 10 , ∗ 10 , 1W

power dissipation at Full-
scale current)

Vout 5V Error due to offset at 150 μ 15 %

∗ 100 ∗ 100
minimum load current ∗ _ 10 Ω ∗ 100 ,

Gain (INA199 A1) 50 V/V Total Error at minimum load ~15%

current

Gain Error (INA199 A1) 1.5 % Error due to offset at 150 μ 0.15 %
∗ 100 ∗ 100
maximum load current ∗ _ 10 Ω ∗ 10 ,

Vos (INA199A1) 150 µV Total Error at maximum load Rsh tolerance = 1% ~ 1.8 %
current
How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
Shunt Resistor Pricing

Package Tolerance (%) Resistance (mΩ) Power Rating (W) Unit Price ($)

805 1 10 0.5 0.53

1206 1 10 1 0.64

2512 1 10 2 0.65

1206 0.5 10 0.5 0.74

2512 0.5 10 1 1.66

Wide 2512 0.5 10 2 2.16

How To Choose An Appropriate Shunt Resistor
• Shunt Resistor definition
• Primary factors for choosing a Shunt Resistor
Accuracy at minimum current
Power dissipation at maximum current

• Calculating maximum value of the shunt resistor :

23 4 567
& ' 0 1 0 0
8697:2: ; 6< =2>> 3
 ti.com/sensing
ti.com/currentsense
Getting Started with Current Sense Amplifiers Video Series
Session 1: When to choose a Current Sense Amp
Session 2: Current Sense Amp Design Considerations
Session 3: Implementation options for both high-side and low-side monitoring
Session 4: How to choose an appropriate Shunt Resistor
Session 5: Understanding different types of error in current shunt monitor designs
Session 6: Understanding gain errors
Session 7: Understanding offset errors
Session 8: Understanding filter related error
Session 9: Understanding common mode voltage error
Session 10: Understanding temperature related error
Session 11: Understanding power supply rejection error
Session 12: Understanding shunt resistor tolerance error
Session 13: Layout considerations for a Current Shunt Monitor circuit
Session 14: Debugging a Current Shunt Monitor circuit - where to probe
Session 15: Programming Power Settings 19