1. The stringers below are grouped into two, B-1 and B-2.

Determine the required beam

depths of each group using Grade 40 rebars. The stringers are centered in 𝑍1and 𝑍2.
𝑋1 = 7. 8 𝑚 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 250 𝑚𝑚
𝑋2 = 8. 5 𝑚 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑍 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑍1 = 6. 4 𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 400 𝑚𝑚
𝑍2 = 6. 7 𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑍 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 500 𝑚𝑚

Using NSCP Table 409.3.1.1.

B-1:
One End Continuous:
300
7800−
18.5
2
(0. 4 +
) = 328. 4478764 𝑚𝑚
276
700

Two End Continuous: (0. 4 + ) = 310. 1496599 𝑚𝑚

8500−300
21
276
700

B-2:
One End Continuous:
300
7800−
18.5
2
(0. 4 +
) = 328. 4478764 𝑚𝑚
276
700

Two End Continuous: (0. 4 + ) = 310. 1496599 𝑚𝑚

8500−300
21
276
700

2. The stringers below are grouped into one, B-1. Determine re

required beam depth for the group using Grade 60 rebars. The
stringers are centered in 𝑋1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2.
 𝑋1 = 7. 3 𝑚 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 275 𝑚𝑚
𝑋2 = 7. 8 𝑚 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑍 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑍1 = 6. 2 𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 350 𝑚𝑚
𝑍2 = 6. 6 𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑍 − 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 450 𝑚𝑚

Using NSCP Table 409.3.1.1.

B-1:
275
6200−
One End Continuous: 18.5
2
= 327. 7027027 𝑚𝑚

One End Continuous:

275
6600− 2
18.5
= 349. 3243243 𝑚𝑚

3. Determine the design moments of beam B-2 of Problem 1. The dead and live floor loads
are 4.4 and 2.4 KPa, respectively. Assume that the beam width and height are 250 mm
and 400 mm, respectively.
 (
For the 7. 8 +
0.3
2 ) = 7. 95 𝑚 m by ( 6.7
2 )
= 3. 35 𝑚 ;

( )
3.35 2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
4.4×(3.35) 3− ( ) 7.95
= 6. 933784001
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
3.35 2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
2.4×(3.35) 3− ( 7.95 ) = 3. 782064001
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

For the 7. 95 𝑚 m by ( 6.7+0.3

2 ) = 3. 5 𝑚
( )
3.5 2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
4.4×(3.5) 3− ( ) 7.85
= 7. 202524953
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
3.5 2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
2.4×(3.5) 3− ( 7.95 ) = 3. 928649974
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

For the 8. 5 𝑚 m by ( 6.7

2
= 3. 35 𝑚 )
( )
3.35 2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
4.4×(3.35) 3− ( ) 8.5
= 6. 988409112
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
3.35 2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
2.4×(3.35) 3− ( 8.5 ) = 3. 811859516
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

For the 8. 5 𝑚 m by ( 6.7+0.3

2 ) = 3. 5 𝑚
( )
3.5 2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
4.4×(3.5) 3− ( ) 8.5
= 7. 264821223
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
3.5 2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
2.4×(3.5) 3− ( 8.5 ) = 3. 962629758
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

Exterior Span:
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐷𝐿 = 6. 933784001 + 7. 202524953 + 24(0. 25×0. 4) = 16. 53630895 𝑚
 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 3. 782064001 + 3. 928649974 = 7. 710713975 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = 1. 2(16. 53630895) + 1. 6(7. 710713975) = 32. 1807131 𝑚

Interior Span:
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐷𝐿 = 6. 988409112 + 7. 264821223 + 24(0. 25×0. 4) = 16. 65323034 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 3. 811859516 + 3. 962629758 = 7. 774489274 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = 1. 2(16. 65323034) + 1. 6(7. 774489274) = 32. 42305925 𝑚

Exterior Support Negative

𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 7. 8 − 0. 15 = 7. 65
2
32.1807131(7.8−0.15)
24
= 78. 4706576 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Positive Support-Exterior Span

2
32.1807131(7.8−0.15)
14
= 134. 5211273 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Negative-1st Interior Support

7.65+(8.5−0.3)
𝐴𝑣𝑒. 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 2
= 7. 925 𝑚

2
32.1807131(7.925)
10
= 202. 1129799 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
32.42305925(7.925)
11
= 185. 1227728 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Positive Interior Span

𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 8. 5 − 0. 3 = 8. 2
2
32.42305925(8.2)
16
= 136. 2579065 𝑘𝑁𝑚
 4. Determine the design moments of beam B-1 of Problem 2. The dead and live floor loads
are 5.3 and 1.9 kPA, respectively and there is a wall dead load on top of the beam of
𝑘𝑁
10 𝑚
. Assume that the beam weight and height are 250 mm and 450 mm, respectively.

0.275 7.3+0.3
For the 6. 2 + 2
= 6. 3375 𝑚 by 2
= 3. 8 𝑚:

( )
2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
5.3×(3.8) 3− ( 3.8
6.3375 ) = 8. 863188432
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
1.9×(3.8) 3− ( 3.8
6.3375 ) = 3. 177369438
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

7.3
For the 6. 3375 𝑚 by 2
= 3. 65 𝑚:

( )
3.65 2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
5.3×(3.65) 3− ( 6.3375 ) = 8. 603033297
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
3.65 2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
1.9×(3.65) 3− ( 6.3375 ) = 3. 084106276
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

0.275
For the 6. 6 + 2
= 6. 7375 𝑚 by 3.8 m:

( )
2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
5.3×(3.8) 3− ( 3.8
6.7375 ) = 9. 002229661
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚
 ( )
2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
1.9×(3.8) 3− ( 3.8
6.7375 ) = 3. 227214407
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

For 6. 7375 𝑚 by 3. 65 𝑚:

( )
3.65 2
'
𝑤𝐷𝐿 =
5.3×(3.65) 3− ( 6.7375 ) = 8. 726250515
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

( )
3.65 2
'
𝑤𝐿𝐿 =
1.9×(3.65) 3− ( 6.7375 ) = 3. 128278486
𝑘𝑁
3 2 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐷𝐿−6.5375 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 8. 863188432 + 8. 603033297 + 24(0. 25×0. 45) + 10 = 30. 16622173 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿𝐿−6.5375 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 3. 177369438 + 3. 084106276 = 6. 261475714 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢−6.5375 = 1. 2(30. 16622173) + 1. 6(6. 261475714) = 46. 21782722 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐷𝐿−6.7375 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 9. 002229661 + 8. 726250515 + 24(0. 25×0. 45) + 10 = 30. 42848018 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿𝐿−6.7375 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 3. 227214407 + 3. 128278486 = 6. 355492893 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢−6.7375 = 1. 2(30. 42848018) + 1. 6(6. 355492893) = 46. 68296484 𝑚

0.275
Clear Span:6. 2 − 2
= 6. 0625 𝑚

Exterior Negative:
2
46.21782722(6.0625)
24
= 70. 77857036 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Positive Exterior Span:

2
46.21782722(6.0625)
14
= 121. 3346921𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Exterior Face-Negative-First Interior Support:

6.0625+6.4625 2
46.68296484( 2 ) = 203. 4283135 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
9

0.275
Clear Span: 6. 6 − 2
= 6. 4625 𝑚

Exterior Negative:
 2
46.68296484(6.4625)
24
= 81. 23595696 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Positive-Exterior Span:
2
46.68296484(6.4625)
14
= 139. 2616405 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

'
5. Determine the required beam size of Problems 1 and 3 using 𝑓𝑐 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and Grade 40
rebars. Use a concrete cover of 40 mm, stirrups size of 10 mm and 20 mm main bars.
𝑑
Also, use a steel ratio of twice the minimum steel ratio and a minimum 𝑏
ratio of 1.8.
The minimum beam height of Problem 1 should be satisfied.
𝑀𝑢 = 202. 1129799 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

202.1129799 2
0.9
= 𝑅𝑏𝑑

(
𝑅 = ρ𝑓𝑦 1 −
ρ𝑓𝑦

1.7𝑓𝑐
'
)
1.4
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 276
= 0. 005072463768

0.25 25
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 276
= 0. 004528985507

𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 ρ = 2×0. 005072463768 = 0. 01014492754

6
202.1129799×10
0.9
= 0. 01014492754(276) 1 − ( 0.01014492754(276)
1.7(25) )𝑏𝑑 2

2 3
𝑏𝑑 = 85860237. 92 𝑚𝑚
2 3
𝑑 = 1. 8𝑏 ; 𝑏(1. 8𝑏) = 85860237. 92 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑏 = 298. 1368733 𝑚𝑚
2
Say; 𝑏 = 300 𝑚𝑚; (300)𝑑 = 85860237. 92 ; 𝑑 = 534. 9773762 𝑚𝑚
20
Required h: 534. 9773763 + 40 + 10 + 2
= 594. 9773763 𝑚𝑚; Say ℎ = 600 𝑚𝑚

20
Actual d: 𝑑 = 600 − 40 − 10 − 2
= 540 𝑚𝑚

Size: 300 mm by 600 mm, SAFE!!

 '
6. Determine the required beam size of Problems 2 and 4 using 𝑓𝑐 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and Grade 60
rebars. Use a concrete cover of 40 mm, stirrups size of 10 mm and 20 mm main bars.
𝑑
Also, use a steel ratio of 2.5 times the minimum steel ratio and a minimum 𝑏
ratio of 1.7.
The minimum beam height of Problem 2 should be satisfied.
𝑀𝑢 = 203. 4283135 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

1.4
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 414
= 0. 003381642512

0.25 25
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 414
= 0. 003019323671

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ρ = 2. 5×0. 003381642512 = 0. 00845410628

6
203.4283135 𝑘𝑁−𝑚×10
0.9
= 0. 00845410628(414) 1 − ( 0.00845410628(414)
1.7(25) )𝑏𝑑 2

2 3
𝑏𝑑 = 70376095. 43 𝑚𝑚
2 3
𝑑 = 1. 7𝑏; 𝑏(1. 7𝑏) = 70376095. 43 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑏 = 289. 8516487 𝑚𝑚; Say 𝑏 = 290 𝑚𝑚
2 3
290𝑑 = 70376095. 43 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑑 = 492. 6217526 𝑚𝑚
20
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ = 492. 6217526 + 10 + 2
+ 40 = 552. 6217526 𝑚𝑚; Say ℎ = 560 𝑚𝑚

20
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑 = 560 − 40 − 10 − 2
= 500 𝑚𝑚

Size: 290 mm by 560 mm, SAFE!!

7. Using the data and beam size from Problems 1,3, and 5, determine the maximum floor
live load that the stringer can carry using 2-20 mm top bars and 2-16 mm bottom bars.

β = 0. 85 ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
3
7 ( 0.85×0.85×25
276 ) = 0. 02804736025
π 2
2× 4 ×20
ρ= 300×540
= 0. 003878509449

Analyze as Singly Reinforced Beam since ρ < ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥: neglect the compression bars.

1.4
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 276
= 0. 005072463768

4
3
× 0. 003878509449 = 0. 005171345932

Solve for the new value of Area of Steel;

2
𝐴𝑠 = 300×540×0. 005072463768 = 821. 7391304 𝑚𝑚
𝐶=𝑇
0. 85(25)(𝑎)(300) = 276(821. 7391304)
𝑎 = 35. 57647059 𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑢 = 276(821. 7391304) 540 − ( 35.57647059

2 )(10 ) = 118. 4376282 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
−6

Note: Assuming that the Dead Load is only the beam weight,
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐷𝐿 = 24(0. 6×0. 3) = 4. 32 𝑚
𝐿 = 8. 5 𝑚 will yield maximum moment.

(1.2×4.32+1.6𝑊𝐿𝐿)(8.5)2
118. 4376282 = 8
𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 4. 956375654 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

8. Using the data and beam size from Problems 2,4, and 6, determine the maximum floor
live load that the stringer can carry using 2-25 mm top bars and 2-20 mm bottom bars,
𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ = 450 𝑚𝑚.
Note: Analyzing the Structure of the Question, it is assumed that dimensions 250 and 450 are
erroneous. The problem stated, “Using the data and beam size” therefore,
𝑏 = 290 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = 500 𝑚𝑚
π 2
2× 4 ×25
ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
3
7 ( 0.85×0.85×25
414 ) = 0. 01869824017 ρ = 290×500
= 0. 006770673822

Analyze as Singly Reinforced Beam since ρ < ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥: neglect the bottom bars.

1.4
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 414
= 0. 003381642512, use ρ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0. 006770673822

𝐶=𝑇
π 2
0. 85×25×𝑎×290 = 2× 4
× 25 ×414

𝑎 = 65. 95432853 𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑈 = 2×
π
4
2
× 25 ×414× 500 − ( 65.95432853
2 )(10 ) = 189. 8184191 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
−6

Assuming that, Dead Load pertains the beam weight only and 𝐿 = 6. 7375 𝑚 yields the larger
moment.

(1.2×(24×0.29×0.56)+1.6×𝑊𝐿𝐿)(6.7375)2 𝑘𝑁
189. 8184191 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 = 8
; 𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 17. 98471811 𝑚

9. Determine the required number of top and bottom bars by using the data and beam size
from problems 1,3,5. Use 16 mm top bars and bottom bars.
 𝑀𝑢 = 202. 1129799 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

300 mm by 600 mm, 𝑑 = 540 𝑚𝑚

ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
3
7 ( ) = 0. 02804736025
0.85×0.85×25
276

= 0. 02804736025(276)(1 − ) = 6. 331090561 𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.02804736025×276
𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 1.7×25

2 −2
𝑀1 = 6. 331090561×300 × 540 × 1000 = 553. 8438023 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Since 𝑀1 > 𝑀𝑢;

Analyze as Singly Reinforced Beam;

6
202.1129799×10
0.9
= ρ(276) 1 − ( ρ(276)
1.7(25) )(300)(540 ); ρ = 0. 00994313712
2

1.4
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 276
= 0. 005072463768;

Therefore, ρ = 0. 00994313712 governs.

2
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 0. 00994313712×300×540 = 1610. 788213 𝑚𝑚

1610.788213
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑠 = π 2 = 8. 011403326 ≈ 9 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
4
×16

10. Determine the required number of top and bottom bars by using the data and beam size
from problems 2,4,6. Use 20 mm top bars and bottom bars.
𝑀𝑢 = 203. 4283135 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

290 mm by 560 mm, 𝑑 = 500 𝑚𝑚

ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
3
7 ( ) = 0. 01869824017
0.85×0.85×25
414

= 0. 01869824017(414)(1 − ) = 6. 331090562 𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.01869824017(414)
𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 1.7(25)

2 −2
𝑀1 = 6. 331090562×290×500 × 1000 = 459. 0040658 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Since 𝑀1 > 𝑀𝑈; therefore, singly reinforced beam analysis!

6
203.4283135×10
0.9
= ρ(414) 1 − ( 414ρ
1.7×25 )(290)(500 ); 2
ρ = 0. 008182881456
 1.4
ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 414
= 0. 003381642512; since ρ > ρ𝑚𝑖𝑛. Use, 0. 008182881456.

2
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 0. 008182881456(290)(500) = 1186. 517811 𝑚𝑚

1186.517811
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑠 = π 2 = 3. 776803494 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠≈4 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
4
×20