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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

(USLeM)

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSIONS

Week 2

Writer Illustrator Language Editor

Jaypee G. Casipit Eschnaseth N. Maceda Cedenia F.Fadriquela
Content Validators
Ma. Piiar P. Carmona
Loreta L. Salvador
Luzviminda A. Dinglasan

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Dr. Malcolm S. Garma
Regional Director
Dr. Genia V. Santos Ms. Charito A. Villanueva
Chief, CLMD EPS, CLMD-ALS

Mr. Dennis M. Mendoza Ms. Nancy C. Mabunga

EPS, CLMD – LRMS Librarian II, CLMD-LRMS

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LESSON: IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM AND ASKING THE

QUESTION
EXPECTATIONS
This supplementary learning material will help you to:
 formulate clearly the statements of research problems;
 construct a conceptual framework; and
 state the scope and limitations of the study.

PRETEST
Directions: Read the following questions below. Write the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answer on a sheet of paper.
1. The statement, “Students have stories to tell about their big adjustment in the new
normal” can be rephrased and placed under which part of the research study?
A. Topic area
B. Method
C. Objective
D. Proposal
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of statement of the problem?
A. It obtains the data collection
B. It summarizes related studies
C. It generates research questions
D. It states clear and focused statement
3. Mildred is constructing her Conceptual Framework. What will you
recommend to her to be able to get the correct Conceptual Framework?
A. Check the instruments
B. Prepare research plan
C. Prepare definition of terms
D. Check the statement of the problem

4. During the Title Proposal, a research panel member asked John a question, “To
what extent does your study apply?” What would John discuss in front to answer
the question from the panel member?
A. Background
B. Paradigm
C. Purpose
D. Significance

5. What part of the research is presented in a clear and testable statement of a

scientific study?
A. Locale
B. Problem
C. Question
D. Hypothesis

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LOOKING BACK
Directions: In the past week, you learned that brainstorming is the initial step in making
a research plan. Study the examples of pictures of sources of information. Choose one
from the list that corresponds to your area of interest. Then answer the table below.
Picture A Picture B Picture C
Pressing issues Wide reading Social Media

Picture D Picture E
Talks/Seminars Gray areas in your subject

Illustrated by: Eschnaseth N. Maceda

Source of information Research topic Research Title

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
 A research problem is a set of clear and focused questions that are formulated
based from the existing issues in the community that address gaps. Your
research problem gives you the idea about your study. At most, it is the first
part that creates an impact.
 The background of the study is a collection of discussion of the researcher’s
interest in his or her research study. The citation of relevant examples is
arranged from general to specific.
 A research hypothesis is a group of words or predictive sentences and are
testable by statistics.
 The significance of the study is a written statement that explains the importance
of your research work and its impact in the community.
 The scope and limitation of a study explains the extent of coverage to be
undertaken by your study.

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ACTIVITIES
A. True or False
Directions: Read the following questions below. Write TRUE if the research question is
correct. Write FALSE if not. Use the space provided for your answer.
1. What is Mobile Legend?
2. What is the level of readiness of senior high learners?
3. What are ethical considerations in data gathering?
4. How does Modular Distance Learning start?
5. What are the experiences, challenges, and recommendations of the
participants on the modular distance learning?

B. What’s on your mind?

Directions: Read text below and answer the questions that follow.

Before starting any research study, the first two things to consider are identification of
research problems and formulation of research questions. They are important skills in doing a
research study. These two concepts are inseparable because they serve as the foundation of
the entire study. To do this, a researcher must have an in-depth knowledge about problems he
will resolve all through the process of the study. He should have a good sniffing nose on his
surroundings by knowing different pressing issues in the community, issues on social media, gray
areas in the subject matter, evaluation of various programs or seminars, and recommendations
for further studies of a research. Indeed, the problem identification and formulations come in a
very crucial for the researcher. It is the most difficult stage in a research journey because it needs
thorough understanding of a certain topic. The "problem" is stated in a thought provoking
questions and, in effect, gives the reader rationale for why the study is important and why it is
necessary to read.

1. What is the text about?

2. What make identifying problems and asking the questions inseparable?

3. As a high school student, how will you make your study worthy to individuals and
other entities?

REMEMBER
1. Identifying problem and asking questions are important skills in writing a research
study. A good research problem:
• States the problems clearly and with a focus. You can give clear problem if you can
identify the gap of the other studies.
• Generates research questions. Your questions should provoke investigation of an
issue not an identification of it.

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• Comes from grounded in theory. It is important that the problem being addressed
has supporting theory that will serve as the foundation of the study.
• Connects to one or more academic fields of study. Your problems can be taken
from other researchers that recommend for further studies or replication.
• Draws out from research literature. You have to read a lot because problems or
research gaps cannot be made overnight.
• Highlights significance/importance. You have to remember that your study should
resolve issues or gaps to be able to help individuals, communities, and other entities.
• Focuses on time frame. Remember that a good research for a typical senior high
school learner should be Simple, Measurable, Attainable, Result-oriented, and Time-
bounded.
• Offers sufficient data. Your research problem should instigate the use of statistical
tools (quantitative) or data analysis method (qualitative).

2. Aside from stating the problem, it is important to include in your research paper the
following:
3. Conceptual Framework. It is a summary of the entire process of action to be
undertaken during the course of the study. In constructing Conceptual Framework,
the researcher’s own strategy is presented by using diagrams. It is also known as the
paradigm of the study. To wind it up, it is the researcher’ s own concept in relating
variables from one another.
4. Scope and Limitations. They contain statements of the extent to which area will be
explored in the work and state within the study.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Directions: Analyze the Research Abstract below. Read carefully and answer the guide
questions that follow:

ABSTRACT

Readiness and instructional competencies of teachers have been inseparable,

especially when it comes to transfer of learning. These days, the teachers’ readiness and their
instructional competencies subsequently confronted with unforeseen difficulties due to the
massive shift of teaching.
Thus, this research determined the level of readiness and competencies of secondary
school teachers on the learning delivery modalities and examined the experiences,
challenges, and recommendations of the teacher – participants.
Although the findings disclosed the readiness of the teachers on distance learning
modalities, teachers’ level of readiness in six (6) areas of radio/TV based-instructions was
moderately ready in terms of making use of straight narration or teacher approach as one kind
of treatment in writing for TV/radio, use of dramatic approach, a concept that gives a
presentation that has a conflict, climax anti-climax, and a resolution., using the YOU
approach, wherein the script is written as if the writer is talking directly to the
listeners/viewers, make a dialogue approach, wherein the script is presented in a
conversation, using a documentary approach, which is a combination of approaches with the
use of voice clips and sound effects to make the presentation more realistic and credible,
making use of an abstract/ symbolic approach, which is an approach that includes sound.
There are significant differences on the level of readiness of the teachers as to age, sex, civil

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status, and years of teaching experiences. rank/position and seminars attended in digital
literacy showed no significant difference on the level of readiness of the respondents.
There are significant differences on the level of readiness as to age, sex, civil status,
and years of teaching experiences. rank/position and seminars attended in digital literacy
showed no significant difference on the level of readiness of the respondents. There are no
significant differences on the level of instructional competencies of the respondent-teachers
when grouped according to their demographic profile. There is a significant moderate
relationship between the levels of readiness and instructional competencies of the
respondent-teachers. The physical, immediacy, virtual, and mental experiences came out
from the study when these teacher participants were asked about their experiences towards
the different learning delivery modalities. Working too many roles at the same time, applying
prescribed curriculum to all types of students, lacking of parental support and internet
connectivity, and getting burnt out were challenges encountered by the participants. Several
professional priorities for teachers in the Schools Division Office of Mandaluyong City is
hereby proposed as development plan. As for the faculty development program, continuous
trainings and workshops on online distance and radio/TV based – instructions learning
modalities in the division are recommended.

Keywords: Readiness, Instructional Competencies, Learning Modalities,

Development Plan

Task1: Based on the research abstract, formulate 5 possible quantitative and 1 qualitative
statements of the problem.
1. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Task 2: Based on the statements research abstract, complete the Conceptual Framework
below.

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Task 3. What is the Scope and Limitations of the Study?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Task 4. Making it your own
Directions: Think of your research proposal in your chosen track. Formulate a statement of
the problems, then construct a conceptual framework, and state the scope and limitation of
your study.
Statement of the Problem:
Specifically, it will seek answers to the following questions:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Conceptual Framework:

Paradigm of the Study

POST TEST
Directions: Read the following questions below. Write your answer on your paper.

The graph below shows the data on Seminars Attended in Digital Literacy of Grade 12
Learners. Study the data in order to answer the questions below.

1. What is the correct statement of the problem for the data presented?
A. Why do grade 12 learners obtain 4% in Creativity and Communication?
B. What stories do the participants have to tell as regards digital literacy?
C. What is the most selected digital literacy by grade 12 learners?
D. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of seminars in digital
literacy?

2. Ria is planning to give a short explanation on what her research study will cover and
explain ways on how it will be made better. Which of the following will she prepare?

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A. Concept C. Limitation
B. Problem D. Objective

3. During the title proposal, a research panel member asked John this question, “What
are the parameters of your study?” What would John discuss in front of the panel
member?
A. Background C. Scope
B. Problem D. Significance

4. Mr. Casipit advised his students to check the connectivity of variables in their
Conceptual Framework. What will the students review?
A. Conceptual Framework
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Scope and Limitations
D. Survey Questionnaire

5. Which of the following is NOT correct about the Statement of the Problem?
A. It leads to further research
B. It encourages investigation
C. It answers the gap in knowledge
D. It explains the entire concept of the study

REFERENCES

1. Sudhakar, J. (2017). Continuous Learners are the Holistic Educators Springer Science &
Business Media. 1000 West Maude Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA
2. University of Lowa (2021 Teacher's In-Depth Content Knowledge John University of
Relations

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ANSWER KEYS:

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