3 Transfer the above mixture to the measuring| To avoid the loss of the drug during.

of mixturc
NaimaGeutia
the translcr
cylinder and rinse the mortar with small to measuring cylinder.
quantities of peppermint water twice or thrice.
Transfer the rinsings to measuring cylinder
containing mixture.
4 Adjust the final volume with peppermint To obtain desired volume.
water.

Strain the mixture through muslin cloth if | To separate any forcign particle or
necessary. present. npurity if
6 Transfer the mixture to appropriate bottle, cap Air tight glass/plastic bottle is used and
and label. with required directions. abcl it

LABEL:
MIXTURE (--ml)

Dose- 15-30 ml Name of the patient- XYZ

Storage- Keep air tight bottle Age-XXX
in a cool place. Prescribed by- XXX
Sex- M/F
Direction -SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE
Prepared by- XYZ (Name of the Pharmacy)

VIVA-VOCE
Q.1 What is the use of light magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate?
Ans. Light magnesium carbonate is a weak antacid and a mild laxative. It is converted into magnesium chloride and
carbon dioxide gas is evolved in the stomach. Magnesium salt acts as saline laxative. Sodium bicarbonate is a
strong antacid used in the treatment of hyperchlorhydria. It also evolves carbon dioxide gas.
Q.2 What do you mean by hyperchlorhydria?
Ans. It is a condition when a greater than normal secretion of hydrochloric acid occurs in the stomach.
Q.3 What are uses of other ingredients of the mixture?
Ans. Chloroform water is a preservative and part vehicle. Peppermint water is a flavouring agent and part
vehicle.
Q.4 How does magnesium salts show saline laxative action?
Ans. There are two possible mechanisms given below:
a) Magnesium ion is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and hence increases
concentration therein. Thercfore, due to the osmotic effect it starts drawing water from the us
in the intestine. Thus, increascs peristalsis, and induces a profuse, watery stool.
ymin,

b) It has been shown that magnesium stimulates relcase of endogenous cholecystokinin-pancro small

a hormone which causes the accumulation of fluid and electrolytes within the humana
ption
intestine. The laxative action therefore, may result from their ability to diminish the net ab

of fluid and clectrolytes.

Q.5 Is any suspending agent required dispersing this mixture? ut

Ans. No, because light magnesium carbonate is a diffusible substance which on shaking, diffuses
the dispersion medium long enough for the removal of the corect dose from the mixture.
 3/184 PV Systematic Approach to
Practicai Ph
VIVA-VOCE PharmaceA
Q.1 What is the use of magnesium Trisilicate in the mixture?
Ans. It is used as antacid and adsorbent.
Q.2 How does it act as antacid and adsorbent?
Ans. It reacts with gastric acid and converts itself in to magnesium chloride and hydrated eil.

Q.3
hydrated silica gel formed in the presence of gastric acid possesses adsorbent properties
What is the advantage and disadvantage of magnesium trisilicate over other
AT
and bicarbonates? alkali carbona
Ans. The advantages of magnesium trisilicate as an antacid are as follows:
(a) It does not produce alkalosis.
(b) No evaluation of carbon dioxide gas, hence no epigastric distress.
(c) Action is prolonged.
(d) Acts as adsorbent due to formation of hydrated silica gel
The disadvantages of magnesium trisilicate as an antacid are as follows:
(a) Action is exerted slowly, hence does not give such rapid symptomatic relief as alkali carhor
bicarbonate, and oxides. bonate,
(b) Large doses may cause diarrhea due to the action of soluble magnesium salts.
Q.4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of sodium bicarbonate as an
antacid?
Ans. The only advantage with this salt is that its onset of action is
rapid, but there are many disadvantaees a
using this salt as an antacid.
(a) Evolution of carbon dioxide causing epigastric distress.
(6) Duration of action is short.
(c) It readily gets absorbed; hence its prolonged therapy with large doses will produce systemic
alkalosis.
(d) Even moderate amounts may increase
plasma volume, blood pressure, and lead to edema, hence
suitable for patients having hypertension, renal
not
insufficiency and cardiac disease.
Q.5 Why are all the three salts (magnesium trisilicate, light magnesium carbonate, and sodium
bicarbonate) given together in the mixture?
Ans. In this mixture, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate show immediate antacid action. As soon
as their activity is
getting lost, magnesium trisilicate become ready to show its antacid activity, hence
preventing the gap of action.
Q.6 What type of suspension is it?
Ans. It is suspension containing diffusible solids.

PREPARATION NO 84
MIXTURE OF CHALK FOR INFANT, BPC,59
Chalk powder- 27.4 g
Tragacanth, powder- -2.3g
Syrup --- 166.7 ml

Cinnamon water--- 250 ml

Chloroform water to -1000 ml
-=o----------
- -
iquid
Dosage orms (Biphasic) 3/185
Ligu
S r . No.
Method
Reason
Triturate chalk powder and
powder intimately in mortar.
tragacanth o reduce the powder to the fine degree
Subdivision and mix with suspending ag
unitormly. Chalk powder is an indiffusible in
nature therefore it requires addition of

Add small quantity of syrup to the powder

Suspending agent.
To expel air entrapped in the interstice
mixture with constant stirring so as to of fineiy
produce sniooth cream.
divided indiffusible powder

Dilute the cream further with

remaining | For transferring the mixture casily to measu
quantity of syrup and small quantity of
cylinder as it becomes pourable.
chloroform water until it becames
pourable.

Add cinnamon water to above mixture. Mix | Cinnamon water is miscible with ve
well. a0
prepared mixture.
Transfer the mixture to
measuring cylinder. To avoid the loss of drug during transferring
Rinse the mortar with small quantities of the mixture to measuring cylinder
vehicle twice and thrice. Transfer rinsings
to measuring cylinder containing mixture.
Add vehicle to measuring cylinder To obtain desired volume.
sufficiently to make up the final volume.
Transfer the mixture to appropriate bottle, Air tight glass/plastic bottle is used and label it
cap and label. with required directions.
LABEL:

MIXTURE (--ml)
Dose-4-8 ml Name of the patient- XYZ
Storage- Keep air tight
bottle in a cool place.
| Age -XXX
Prescribed by- XXX
Sex- M/F
Direction -SHAKE WELL BEFORE USSE
Prepared by- XYZ (Name of the Pharmacy)

VIVA-VOCE
Q.1 What is chalk powder?
Ans. Chalk is a native calcium carbonate free from most of its impurities by elutriation.
Q.2 What is the synonym for chalk?
Ans. It is creta.
Q.3 Why is tragacanth powder required in this preparation?
Ans Because, chalk is an indi ffusible substance, hence tragacanth powder is required to act as a suspending
agent.
Q4 Why is it necessary to prepare a paste of the chalk powder?
Ans. It is necessary to avoid floating of powder due to presence of air in the interstices of the powder.
 to Practical Ph
PV Systematic
Approach

mixture:
rmaceutics
3/186 in the flavouring agent. Chlo
Q.5 hat are the uses of other
ingredients
present
Cnnamon
water is uscd as a
oform wal
agcnt.
Syrup is used as a sweetcning
Ans.
acts as a vchicle and prescrvat1ve.
What is the use of the mixture?
Q.6 antacid.
Ans. It is used as

PREPARATION NO85
FOR INFANT,
BPC,59
SULPHADIMIDINE

MIXTURE OF 137.1 g
Sulphadimidine, in
fine powder
36.6 g
Compound tragacanth powder-
-250 ml
Raspberry syrup- -20.8 ml
Benzoic acid solution-
8 . 3 ml
Amaranth solution--
1000 ml
Chloroform water to -

Reason
Sr. No. Method To reduce the powder
to the fine degree of
Triturate sulphadimidine and compound subdivision and mix with Suspending agent
1
tragacanth powder in a mortar.
uniformly. Sulphadinmidine is an indiffusible in
nature therefore it requires addition of
suspending agent.
To expel air entrapped in the interstice of finely
make
2 Add small volume of raspberry syrup to divided indiffusible powder.
a cream.
of | For transferTing the mixture easily to measuring
3 Dilute the cream with remaining quantity
as it becomes pourable.
solution and mix well. cylinder
syrup. Add amaranth To avoid the loss of drug during transferring
4 Transfer the above mixture to measuring
and thrice the mixture to measuring cylinder
cylinder. Rinse the mortar twice water.
with small portions of chloroform
Transfer the rinsings to measuring cylinder
containing mixture.
is to obtain uniform
Add benzoic acid solution to the mixture. Stir Stirring necessary
well with glass rod.
distribution of benzoic acid rapidly.

adjust the final To obtain the desired volume.

Add chloroform water to
volume.
tight glass/plastic bottle is used and label it
7 Transfer the mixture to appropriate bottle, cap| Air
with required directions.
and label.

LABEL:
MIXTURE (-ml)
Dose- | Name of the patient- XYZ
Initial 8 ml for I to 3 years Age-XXX
Initial 15 ml for 4 to 10 years Prescribed by- XXX
Subsequent doses in each case; one half the Sex-M/F
doses, four times daily. Direction:
Storage- Keep airtight bottle in a cool place SHAKE WELL BEFORE USEL
Prepared by- XYZ (Name of the Pharmacy)