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    Evap

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    westewr
    1) The document provides calculations for an evaporator system with 4 effects used to concentrate a 15,000 kg/hr feed from 15% to 8%. 2) Material and energy balance calculations are shown to determine the flowrates, heat loads, steam requirements and surface areas needed for each effect. 3) Economic analysis shows operating costs decrease from $70,636 for a single effect to $20,181 for a 4 effect system, but total costs are lowest at $78,609 for a 2 effect setup due to equipment costs.

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    Evap

    Uploaded by

    westewr
    156 views7 pages
    1) The document provides calculations for an evaporator system with 4 effects used to concentrate a 15,000 kg/hr feed from 15% to 8%. 2) Material and energy balance calculations are shown to determine the flowrates, heat loads, steam requirements and surface areas needed for each effect. 3) Economic analysis shows operating costs decrease from $70,636 for a single effect to $20,181 for a 4 effect system, but total costs are lowest at $78,609 for a 2 effect setup due to equipment costs.

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    Evap.xls

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    1) The document provides calculations for an evaporator system with 4 effects used to concentrate a 15,000 kg/hr feed from 15% to 8%. 2) Material and energy balance calculations are shown to determine the flowrates, heat loads, steam requirements and surface areas needed for each effect. 3) Economic analysis shows operating costs decrease from $70,636 for a single effect to $20,181 for a 4 effect system, but total costs are lowest at $78,609 for a 2 effect setup due to equipment costs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    156 views7 pages

    Evap

    Uploaded by

    westewr
    1) The document provides calculations for an evaporator system with 4 effects used to concentrate a 15,000 kg/hr feed from 15% to 8%. 2) Material and energy balance calculations are shown to determine the flowrates, heat loads, steam requirements and surface areas needed for each effect. 3) Economic analysis shows operating costs decrease from $70,636 for a single effect to $20,181 for a 4 effect system, but total costs are lowest at $78,609 for a 2 effect setup due to equipment costs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    EVAPORATOR CALCULATIONS

    Flowrate of feed Feed conc. Product conc Feed temp. Intenal Press. Avarage Cp
    Mf Sf Sp Tf P Cp
    Kg/hr % % Deg C mm Hg KJ/Kg.K
    1000 8 45 25 760 3.5

    Material balance

    Propduct flowrate = Mp = 177.8 Kg/hr


    Solvent to be evaporated = Mv = 822.2 Kg/hr

    Enter the boilingb temp. of the solution at the operating pressure = tb = 100 Deg C
    The boiling point rise at given concentration = BPR = 6 Deg C
    So the true boiling temp of solution = TB = 106 Deg C
    Latent heat at boiling temp. = hl = 2230 KJ/Kg

    Energy balance
    Heat to be supplied for the given duty by steam = H = 588.07 KW
    So quantity of steam required = Ms = 945.11 Kg/hr

    Enter U for the evaporqator = U = 500 W/m2.K


    TD for given duty = TD = 14.11 Deg C
    So area required for the operation = A = 83.36 m2
    Tubes available with diameter = do = 25 mm
    length = L = 4 m
    No of tubes required for the evaporator = Nt = 265
    Steam economy = E = 0.87
    Steam pressure Latent heat of steam Steam temp
    Absolute P hs Ts
    Kg/cm2 KJ/Kg Deg C
    2 2240 120.1099
    EVAPORATOR CALCULATIONS

    Enter the no of effects to be used 4

    Flowrate of feed Feed conc. Product conc Feed temp. Avarage C


    Mf Sf Sp Tf Cp
    Kg/hr % % Deg C KJ/Kg.K
    15000 8 45 25 3.5

    Unit Steam 1 effect 2 effect 3 effect


    P abs mm Hg 1520.0 760 440 160
    Sat temp C 120.1 101 88.1 68.4
    BPR 5 5 5
    Tb act 106 93.1 73.4
    Latent heat KJ/Kg 2234 2261 2288 2332
    Overall heat transfer coefficients W/m2K 2500 1500 1200

    Material balance

    Propduct flowrate = Mp = 2666.67 Kg/hr


    Solvent to be evaporated = V = 12333.33 Kg/hr

    Assuming the ratio of evaporation 1.05


    of (n+1) effect to N effect
    V1 V2 V3
    1effect 2 effect 3 effect
    1 1.05 1.1025

    So V1 = 2861.48 Kg/hr
    V2 = 3004.55
    V3 = 3154.78
    V4 = 3312.52
    V = 12333.33 ( FOR CHECKING)

    For first effect


    Heat load = L1 = 2978.59 KW
    Steam consumption = Ms = 4800.77 Kg/hr
    Area required = A1 = 84.44 m2

    For second effect


    Heat laod = L2 = 1797.34 KW
    Area required = A2 = 92.89 m2

    For third effect


    Heat load = L3 = 1909.79 KW
    Area required = A3 = 80.84 m2
    1
    For forth effect
    Heat load = L4 = 2043.53
    Area required = A4 = 80.45 m2

    So Area required per effect = A = 84.66 m2


    Tubes available of Diameter = do = 50 mm
    Length = L = 4.8 m

    So No of tubes per effect = Nt = 112.34


    For total operation = 449.34

    Steam economy 2.57 Kg/Kg steam


    Capacity 12333.33 Kg/hr
    Capacity per effect 3083.33 Kg/hr

    Economic considerations

    Effect Economy capacity Steam


    consumption
    Kg/hr
    1 0.88 12333.3333333333 14015.15152
    2 1.61 6166.66666666667 7660.455487
    3 2.41 4111.11111111111 5117.565698
    4 3.08 3083.33333333333 4004.329004

    80 Economic evaluation

    70 70.6363636363636 72

    60
    57
    50
    40 40
    38.6086956521739
    Cost

    30
    27.2 25.7925311203319
    20 20.1818181818182
    10
    0
    0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
    No of effects
    Steam pressure
    Absolute P
    Kg/cm2
    2

    4 effect
    25
    43.0
    Temp F
    101.74
    Hfg BTU/lb
    1036.3 1050 T-
    5 126.08 1022.2
    48.0 141.48 1013.2

    hfg BTU/lb
    2391 152.97 1006.4 1000
    1000 162.24 1001
    170.06 996.2
    176.85
    182.86
    992.1
    988.5
    950
    188.28 985.2
    (V1+V2+V3+V4) 193.21 982.1
    212 970.3 900
    80 100 12
    Saturation 100 Deg. C
    V4 Saturation 212 Deg. F.
    4 effect Latent heat 977 Hfg BTU/lb
    1.157625 2274 KJ/Kg.
    544 Kcal/Kg.
    Operating cost Equp.cost/effect Fixed cost Total cost
    Rs Lacs Lacs Lacs Lacs

    70.6363636364 27.2 27.2 97.83636


    38.6086956522 20 40 78.6087
    25.7925311203 19 57 82.79253
    20.1818181818 18 72 92.18182

    319
    0.1818181818182

    4.5
    1050 T - hfg data
    hfg BTU/lb

    1000

    950

    900
    80 100 120 Temp
    140 160
    F 180 200 220

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