12/20/2020 Geography Notes 1 - GKmojo

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Important Geographical Facts about India

1. Area- 32, 87,263 sq-km (2.4% of world area)

Population-1.271 billion (17.5% of world population)

India’s largest frontier- 15,200 km

India’s north to south distance-3,214 km
India’s east to west distance—2,933 km
Total coastline length-7516.6 km (including islands)
India’s mainland coastline length-6100 km (9 states)

2. India shares international land boundary with 7 countries namely- Pakistan, china, Nepal,
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar.

3. India is separated from Sri Lanka Pak-strait.

4. India shares longest boundary line with Bangladesh

and Shortest boundary line with Afghanistan

5 .  International Boundary Lines

Radcliffe line between India and Pakistan.

Mac Mohan line between India and china
Durand Line between Pakistan and Afghanistan
38th Parallel: North and South Korea
49th Parallel:  USA & Canada
Hindenburg Line: Germany and Poland
Maginot Line:  France and Germany 

6. India has 28 states and 8 UT’s

Largest state-Rajasthan
Smallest state-Goa
Most populous state- Uttar Pradesh
Least populous state- Sikkim
Largest UT(in terms of Area)- Jammu & Kashmir
Smallest UT(In terms of Area) – Lakshadweep

7. India is 7th largest country in the world.

7 – India
6 – Australia
5 – Brazil
4 – China
3 – USA
2 – Canada

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1 – Russia

It is 2nd populous country in the world. 

3 – USA
2 – India
1 – China

8. Indian State having largest coastline: Gujarat

Country with largest coastline: Canada

9. Africa has the most number of Countries among continents. 

10. The tropic of cancer which passes through the middle of India, it passes through 8 Indian
states Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

11. 82 degree 30′ E Longitude, also known as ‘Standard Meridian of India’, helps in calculating the
Indian Standard Time (IST) which is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

12. The longest National Highway (NH) in India is NH-44. It is 3745 km long (Srinagar-
Kanyakumari). It passes through 12 states. Earlier longest highway was NH-7.

13.  The first rail in India started on April 16, 1853 between Bori Bunder, Mumbai and Thane.(34
kms).
Longest train route or Journey: Vivek express between Kanyakumari and Dibrugarh.

14. Project tiger was launched the Indian Government in the year 1973 to save the endangered
species of tiger in the country.

15.  Some Important National highways in India:

The road network in India is the second in the world.

Jhansi is the junction of North–South and East–West Corridors.
The Golden Quadrilateral connects the four metro cities, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and
Mumbai.
NH-44:  Longest highway connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari.

16. Railways in India:

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The longest platform in the world now is in Gorakhpur (4482 ft) overtaking Kharagpur (2733
ft).
The longest rail journey is between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari (4286 km) performed Vivek
Express, introduced in 2011. Prior to this, Himsagar Express covered the longest distance
from Jammu Tawi to Kanyakumari (3751 km).
The state with no railroad network is Sikkim.
The northernmost, easternmost, southernmost and the westernmost railway stations are
Baramulla, Ledo, Kanyakumari and Naliya respectively.
The state with the longest railroad network is Uttar Pradesh.

Nuclear Power Generation

India’s and Asia’s first nuclear reactor was the Apsara research reactor.

Smiling Buddha was the assigned code name of India’s first successful nuclear bomb test on 18 May
1974.

BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) is headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai. 

It was founded Homi J. Bhabha in January 1954.

Important Nuclear Power Stations in India:

1. Tarapur – Maharashtra

2. Kalpakkam – Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear Power Station

3. Narora – UP

4. Rawatbhata – Kota, Rajasthan

5. Kaiga – Karnataka

6. Kakrapara – Gujarat

7. Kundnkulam – Tamilnadu

8. Jaitapur– Maharashtra

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Important India’s World Heritage Sites

UNESCO World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization as of special cultural or physical significance.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage
the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world
considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called
the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted
UNESCO in 1972.

In India, Maharashtra has the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Site.

There are total 38 UNESCO World Heritage Site in India.  Remember their locations.

Kaziranga National Park Assam

Keoladeo Ghana National Park Rajasthan

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Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam

Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers Uttarakhand

Sundarbans National Park West Bengal

Western Ghats Maharashtra,

Goa,
Karnataka,

Tamil Nadu and

Kerala

Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh

Agra Fort Uttar Pradesh

Ajanta Caves Maharashtra

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Gujarat

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Maharashtra

Churches and Convents of Goa Goa

Elephanta Caves Maharashtra

Ellora Caves Maharashtra

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Fatehpur Sikri Uttar Pradesh

Great Living Chola Temples Tamil Nadu

Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka

Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu

Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka

Hill Forts of Rajasthan Rajasthan (Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh,

Ranthambhore, Amber Sub-Cluster,
Jaisalmer, Gagron)

Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi Delhi

Khajuraho Group of Monuments Madhya Pradesh

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar

Mountain Railways of India Tamil Nadu

Qutub Minar and its Monuments Delhi

Rani-Ki-Van (the Queen’s Stepwell) Gujarat

Red Fort Complex Delhi

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh

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Sun Temple, Konarak Orissa

Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh

The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan

Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim

Nalanda University Bihar

Mumbai’s Victorian art deco ensembles Mumbai

Historic City of Ahmadabad Gujarat

The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier Chandigarh

38. Pink City Jaipur gets UNESCO World Heritage tag.

Important dams in India

1) Indira Sagar Dam: Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh

2) Mettur Dam: Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu.

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3) Bisalpur Dam: Banas River, Rajasthan.

4) Koyna Dam: Koyna River, Maharashtra.

5) Maithon Dam: barakar river, Jharkhand.

6) Rihand Dam: Rihand Dam, Uttar Pradesh.

7) Tungabhadra Dam: Tungabhadra River, Karnataka.

8) Bhavani Sagar Dam: Bhavani River, Tamil Nadu

9) Krishna Raja Sagar dam: Kaveri River, Karnataka

10) Hirakund Dam: Mahanadi River, Odissa

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Famous Mines in India

1. Panna Diamond Mines: Majhgawan Panna, Madhya Pradesh.

>Presently, MP is the only Diamond Producing state in India.
>The Golconda region(Hyderabad) has produced some of the world’s most famous
diamonds, including the colorless Koh-i-Noor (now owned the United Kingdom).

2. The Jaduguda Mine (also spelt as Jadugoda or Jadugora) is a uranium mine

in Jaduguda village in the Purbi Singhbhum district of the Indian state of Jharkhand. It
commenced operation in 1967 and was the first uranium mine in India. The deposits at this
mine were discovered in 1951.

3. The Tummalapalle Mine is a uranium mine in Tumalapalli village located in Kadapa of the
Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is believed to be the largest Uranium Reserve in the World.

4. Zawar mines in Udaipur Rajasthan is the largest silver producing mine in the country.

5. Hutti and Kolar gold fields in Karnataka and the Hirabuddini mines in Jharkand

6. Chhattisgarh is the only tin producing State in India. Tin ore is known as cassiterite, which

was reported in Dantewara district.

7. Odisha is India’s top iron ore producing state. Joda and Koira are two of the most prolific
ore producing regions spread across Keonjhar and Sundargarh districts.

8. Karnataka, known for its high-quality ore, has the largest iron ore reserves in India. Major
mines are located at Bababudan in Chikmagalur district, Donai Malai in Bellary-Hospet, Arasul
in Shimoga district, and Kudremukh in Chittradurg district.

9. Goa- It is India’s top iron ore exporting state. Iron ore mined here is exported to countries
such as China and Japan. Important deposits are found in these regions – Pirna, Sirigao,
Sanquelime, Kudnem in North Goa.

10.  Highest Producing states:

Diamond: MP
Gold: Karnataka
Silver: Rajasthan
Uranium: Andhra Pradesh
Iron: Odisha
Mica: Andhra Pradesh
Tin, Coal: Chhattisgarh

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