STUDENT’S NAME:

TEACHER’S NAME:

HURLSTONE AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL

2021 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE ASSESSMENT TASK 4

Mathematics Advanced
General • Preparation time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 3 hours
• Scanning and uploading time – 1 hour
• Write using black pen
• NESA approved calculators may be used
• A reference sheet is provided in the Section I booklet
• In questions in Section II, show all relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations
• This examination paper is not to be removed from the examination
centre
Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2 – 6)
100
• Attempt Questions 1 – 10. The multiple choice answer sheet has been
provided
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Section II – 90 marks (pages 13 – 37)

• Attempt Questions 11 – 16, writing your solutions in the spaces

provided or on your own paper. There are 6 separate question/answer
booklets.
• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section.
Disclaimer: Students are advised that this is a trial examination only and cannot
in any way guarantee the content or the format of the 2021 HSC Mathematics
Advanced Examination.

1
 Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10.
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 10.

1. A pupil is asked to find the x-values of any possible points of inflection for the function
f(x) = 2x3 + 12x2 + 6x – 2. What should his answer be?

A. −1 B. −2

C. 0 D. 1

2. The diagram below represents a field

What is the approximate area of the field, using four applications of the trapezoidal rule?

A. 105 m2 B. 136 m2

C. 210 m2 D. 420 m2

2
3. What is the value of ∫ x + 1 dx ?
−3

A. B.

C. D.

2
4. If and θ is acute, what is the exact value of ?

A. B.

C. D.

5. The diagram below shows the graph of

The area of the shaded region is equal to 2 units2.

π
What is the value of ∫ f ( x ) dx ?
0

A. –4 B. –2

C. 2 D. 6

1
6. What is the natural domain of f ( x ) = ?
ex

A. ( −∞, ∞ ) B. [0, ∞ )
C. ( 0, ∞ ) D. ( −∞, 0]

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7. Which of the following CANNOT be a cumulative frequency polygon?

A. B.

C. D.

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8. Which of the following graphs shows data with the largest standard deviation?

A. B.

C. D.

9. A particular continuous random variable X has the following probability density function:

What is the median of this function?

A. B. 3.5

C. 4 D.

-5-
10. The weight of chicken eggs is normally distributed with mean weight of 50 g

and a standard deviation of 9 g. What percentage of eggs weigh between 41 g and 68 g?

A. 95% B. 81.5%

C. 47.5% D. 34%

End of Section I questions

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2021 Trial HSC Examination

Mathematics Advanced
Mathematics Extension 1
Mathematics Extension 2

REFERENCE SHEET

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 Hurlstone Agricultural High School

2021 Trial Higher School Certificate Examination

Mathematics Advanced

Name ________________________________________ Teacher ________________________________

Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.

Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the
correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

A B C D

1. A B C D

2. A B C D

3. A B C D

4. A B C D

5. A B C D

6. A B C D

7. A B C D

8. A B C D

9. A B C D

10. A B C D

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- 12 -
 Section II Name: _________________________________

90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 16.

Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section.

Answer each question in the spaces provided. Extra working space is available after each question. If you
need to use this extra space, you must clearly indicate this in the main solution space, and then clearly
indicate the question number and part that you are answering in the extra space.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

2021 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Section II

Question 11 (15 marks)
Marks
(a) A particle moves in a straight line and is initially 10 metres right of the origin.

The velocity time graph shown below describes this motion

(i) What is the displacement of the particle at t1 seconds? 1

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(ii) At what time/s is the particle at rest? 2

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(iii) At what time is the particle farthest to the right of the origin? 1

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(b) For the curve y = x3 + 6x2 + 9x,

(i) Find any stationary points and determine their nature. 3

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(ii) Sketch the curve, showing all main features, including intercepts, stationary points and

any points of inflection. 3

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(c) A piece of string of length 6 metres is cut into two pieces.

One piece forms a square with sides x cm and the other piece forms a circle.

NOTTO
SCALE
6m

(i) Show that the radius ( r ) of the circle in terms of x is given by 1

3 − 2x
r= .
π

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(ii) Hence find the lengths of the two pieces of string which obtain the minimum area. 4
Leave your answer in terms of π.

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End of Question 11

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Spare working space, Question 11.

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2021 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Section II
Question 12 (15 marks) Name: _________________________________
Marks

3
(a) Evaluate ∫
1
x −2 dx . 2

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(b) Find the area bounded by the x-axis and the curve . 3

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x
(c) By firstly differentiating , find ∫ 2 x2 − 4
dx . 3

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(d) Consider the curves and , that intersect at three points.

(i) Show that two of these points of intersection are (0,0) and (2,8). 2

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(ii) Hence or otherwise, draw a sketch and calculate the area enclosed between the curves,

between the two points found in (i) 5

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End of Question 12

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Spare working space, Question 12.

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2021 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Section II
Question 13 (15 marks) Name: _________________________________
Marks

(a) Show that 2

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(b) Solve 2

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(c) The curve passes through the point (0,7).

If its gradient function is given by , find the equation of the curve. 2

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(d) A particle moves in a straight line.

At time t seconds, its distance x metres from a fixed point 0 on the line

is given by .

(i) Sketch the graph of x as a function of t for 3

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(ii) Using your graph, or otherwise, find the times when the particle is at
rest and the position of the particle at these times. 2

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(e) (i) Differentiate 1

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π
4

∫ ( sin x + cos x )
2
(ii) Hence, calculate dx , leaving your answer in exact form. 3
0

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End of Question 13

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Spare working space, Question 13.

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2021 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Section II
Question 14 (15 marks) Name: _________________________________
Marks
(a) Find derivatives for the following, with respect to x.

(i) ln ( x 2 + 2 ) 1
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(ii) 3x e x 2

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x 1 1
(b) Show that the curve y =
2 x 2 − ln   − 4 has a stationary point at  , ln 4 − 3  . 3
2 2 2

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(c) (i) Find the co-ordinates of the point of intersection of the line y = 3 and the curve =
y e x +1 .

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(ii) Draw a neat sketch of the area bounded by y = 3, the y-axis and the curve =
y e x +1 . 1

(iii) Calculate the exact area drawn in part (ii). 2

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 d 2 x − t −2t
(d) The acceleration of a particle, P, in m s -2 is = e + e where t is measured in seconds.
dt 2

3 dx 3
Initially, the displacement of the particle is x = m, travelling at a velocity = − m s -1.
4 dt 2

(i) Show that the displacement of the particle is given by:

1 1
e − t + e − 2t − .
x= 2
4 2

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(ii) Find the limit of the displacement of P, and hence the limit of the distance that P travels

after t = 0. 1

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 0
x2
(e) Find the value of k such that ∫ x3 − 2 dx = ln k
−2
2

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End of Question 14

Spare working space, Question 14.

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2021 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Section II
Question 15 (15 marks) Name: _________________________________
Marks

(a) The average monthly relative humidity (in %) of city A is shown in the stem-and-leaf plot.

Stem Leaf

6 1 1 1 2

7 3 5 8

8 3 7 7

(i) Find the median and the inter-quartile range. 2

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(ii) Draw a box-and-whisker plot to represent the data. 2

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(b) Cole is designing a survey to ask his co-workers about their job satisfaction.

One of Cole’s survey questions asked how many hours each respondent works at the company.

The results are shown in the cumulative frequency histogram below.

(i) What is the range of responses that gave the greatest 40% of hours worked? 1
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(ii) Use the classes in the cumulative frequency histogram to estimate the mean hours
worked by the respondents surveyed. 3
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(c) Ten students were ranked on their computer gaming ability on a new game.

Each student also calculated the number of hours that they have played the game.

The results are recorded in the table below.

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Hours Played 198 143 88 102 82 94 54 36 20 12

(i) Using the axes below draw the scatterplot for the data in the table. 1

Player Ranking vs Hours Played

Player experience ( hours played)

Ranking in game

(ii) Calculate, to 2 decimal places, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r, and

describe the relationship between a player’s rank and the number of hours
that they have played the game. 2

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 (iii) Find the equation of the least-squares regression line for the data given above.
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. 2
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(d) The chart below shows the reasons that 25 customers gave for shopping at a local clothing store.

Draw the Pareto line on the chart above. 2

End of Question 15

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Spare working space, Question 15.

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- 34 -
2021 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Section II
Question 16 (15 marks) Name: _________________________________
Marks

(a) (i) Show that the function

is a probability density function. 3

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(ii) For a particular continuous random variable X, find

for the function described in (i) 2
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(b) A cumulative distribution function is given by .

Find the interquartile range of the continuous probability distribution. 2

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(c) A number of fish species are subject to minimum length regulations when they are caught.

ie. fish shorter than a given length must be returned to the water if caught.

Two such species are Red Snapper and Barramundi which have minimum lengths of 30 cm and 55 cm
respectively.

A fishing tour operator in Northern Australia has made observations over a long period of time and found that,
when measured in cm, both the variables ‘R’ (the lengths of caught Red Snapper) and ‘B’ (the lengths of
caught Barramundi), are normally distributed.
‘R’ has a mean of 36 cm and standard deviation of 3 cm. ‘B’ has a standard deviation of 4 cm.

(i) Calculate the mean length of Barramundi caught if 2.5% of Barramundi caught are less than 54 cm.
2

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(ii) Calculate the z-scores for the minimum allowed lengths for both variables, R and B, and
comment upon what this means in terms of which of the two species are more likely to be
returned to the water after capture. 3

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(d) Historical data for a particular aptitude test show that its completion time has a mean of 5 minutes with a
standard deviation of 30 seconds.

As part of the selection process for an available job, an employer requires candidates to complete the test
faster than 90% of all applicants to progress to the next stage.

An extract from a probability table for the standard normal distribution is shown below.

Darcy completed the aptitude test in 4 minutes and 23 seconds.

Did Darcy qualify for the next stage of selection? Justify your answer by demonstrating your knowledge of
the normal distribution and the application of z-scores to the problem.
3
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End of Question 16

End of Examination.

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 Hurlstone Agricultural High School
2021 Trial Higher School Certificate Examination
Mathematics Advanced

Name _____SOLUTIONS__________ Teacher _______________

Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

1. A B C D

2. A B C D

3. A B C D

4. A B C D

5. A B C D

6. A B C D

7. A B C D

8. A B C D

9. A B C D

10. A B C D
Solutions:

Q1 Q2 Apply Trapezoidal Rule

f ( x) = 2 x3 + 12 x 2 + 6 x − 2 12 ÷ 4
=A {6 + 10 + 2(7 + 12 + 8)}
f ( x) = 6 x + 24 x + 6
' 2
2
f '' (=
x) 12 x + 24 3
= = (70) 105 Ans A
For point of inflection, 2
f '' ( x) = 0, x = −2 Ans. B

Q2 An alternate solution suggestion:

A) 105 m2

Suggested solution

m2 which is an over estimation. Thus Option A.

Q3

C)

Suggested Solution

Integral of is equal to the area formed by the triangles between [-3, 2], the curve and x-
axis.

So

Q4

The solution can be found using SOHCAHTOA in a right triangle, with adjacent side 3 and
hypotenuse 13 using Pythagoras. Answer C

Q5

The area below the x-axis has area 4 square units, so the integral is 2 −4= −2. Answer B

Q6
ex is always greater than zero, so there is nowhere that the function won’t exist. Answer : A

Q7

Answer: D . Cumulative frequency is never going to be a decreasing function.

Q8

Answer: D due to a lot of low scores and high scores the distance between the mean and
each of the individual scores will be greater. Hence greater Standard deviation.

Q9

We find the value of X for which the integral will equal ½

k
k x  x2  k2 x
∫0 32
dx =   =
 64  0 64
→ k 2 = 32, k = 4 2 (k must be positive on
32
Answer D

Q10

Values range from 1 standard deviation below to 2 standard deviations above the mean.

From a normal distribution, we have approx. 34% of scores below the mean and 47‧5% of
scores above the mean. Total will be 81‧5%

Answer B
Year 12 Mathematics Advanced 2021 HSC Task 4

Answers for MC: (1) B, (2) A, (3), (4) , (5), (6), (7), (8)

Q1 Q2 Apply Trapezoidal Rule

f ( x) = 2 x3 + 12 x 2 + 6 x − 2 12 ÷ 4
=A {6 + 10 + 2(7 + 12 + 8)}
f ( x) = 6 x + 24 x + 6
' 2
2
f '' (=
x) 12 x + 24 3
= = (70) 105 Ans A
For point of inflection, 2
f '' ( x) = 0, x = −2 Ans. B
Question No. 11 Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Outcomes Addressed in this Question

MA 12-6 Applies appropriate differentiation methods to solve problems

Outcome Solutions Marking Guidelines

MA 12-6 a) i) 10m to the right of origin. Accept 10 m i) 1 mark – correct

ii) 0 < t < t1 and t3 ii) 2 marks for correct
1 mark for one correct
iii) t3 iii)1 mark –correct

b) i) y =x + 6 x + 9 x
3 2

dy
= 3 x 2 + 12 x + 9 Part (b)(i)
dx 3 marks for correct
= 3( x 2 + 4 x + 3) solution
=3( x + 3)( x + 1)
2 marks – obtain max
d2y and min pts correct
= 6 x + 12
dx 2
1 mark – some
dy
Stationary points occur when =0 progress
dx
3( x + 3)( x + 1) =
0
x=
−3 or x =
−1
dy d2y
When x =−3, =0, =6(−3) + 12 =−6 < 0 max at (−3, 0)
dx dx 2
dy d2y
x =−1, =0, =6(−1) + 12 =6 > 0 min at (−1, −4)
dx dx 2
b) ii)
d2y
2
=0, then 6 x + 12 =0, x = −2, y =(−2)3 + 6(−2) 2 + 9(−2) =−2
dx
Part (b)(ii)
Point of inflection at (−2, −2) 3 marks for correct
Testing solution
x -3 -2 -1
1 mark for correct
d2y finding of (-2,-2)
dx 2 -6 0 6 1 mark for testing pt of
inflection
Concavity changes
1 mark for correct
There is a point of inflection graph
at (−2, −2)

C) i) Total Perimeter: Part (c)

 4 x + 2π r = 6 i) 1 mark – correctly
shown
2π r= 6 − 4 x
6 − 4x
r=
2π
ii)
3 − 2x
= 4 marks for correct
π solution
C) ii)
A π r 2 + x2
Total Area == 1 mark for correct
finding of area
 3 − 2x 
2

= π  +x
2
1 mark for showing
 π 
min area
(3 − 2x )
2

= + x2 1 mark for correct

π
value of x

dA  1 
=   2 ( 3 − 2 x )( −2 ) + 2 x 1 mark for correct
dx  π  length of square and
−12 + 8 x + 2π x circle
=
π
1 mark – some
d A 8 + 2π
2
= > 0 ⇒ minimum progress
dx 2 π

dA
Minimum area occurs when =0
dx
∴ − 12 + 8 x + 2π x = 0
x ( 8 + 2π ) =
12
12 6
=x =
8 + 2π 4 + π
Length required for square is
6
= 4×
4+π
24
=
4+π

24 6π
Length required for circle is 6 − =
4+π 4+π
Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Task 4 Examination 2021
Question No.12 Solutions and Marking Guidelines
MA 12-7: Applies the concepts and techniques of indefinite and definite integrals in the solutions of problems.

Part Solutions Marking Guidelines

(a) 2 marks
Correct Solution

1 mark
Single error

(b) Roots of quadratic are 3 marks

Using the symmetry of an even function we have: Correct solution

2 marks
Single error

1 mark
Substantial progress
that would lead to a
correct answer

(c) 3 marks
Correct solution

2 marks
Single error

1 mark
Substantial progress
that would lead to a
correct answer
Hence,
(d) i Equating the two equations and solving for x we have: 2 marks
Correct solution

1 mark
Single Error

Hence (0,0) and (2,8) are coordinates of intersection

ii 5 marks
Correct solution

4 marks
Single error

3 marks
Substantially correct
solution including
correct graph

2 marks
Substantial progress
that would lead to a
correct answer

1 mark
Minimal progress that
would lead to a
correct answer
MC Solutions

Q2

A) 105 m2

Suggested solution

m2 which is an over estimation. Thus Option A.

Q3

C)

Suggested Solution

Integral of is equal to the area formed by the triangles between [-3, 2], the curve and x-axis.

So
Year 12 Mathematics Advanced 2021 TASK 4
Question No. 13 Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question
MA 12-5: Applies the concepts and techniques of periodic functions in the solution of problems involving
trigonometric graphs.
Part / Solutions Marking Guidelines
Outcome

(a)
LHS =
(
secθ 1− cos 4 θ ) 2 marks – Correct solution
2
1+ cos θ

=
1
×
( )(
1− cos 2 θ 1+ cos 2 θ ) 1 mark – Substantially
correct
cosθ 1+ cos 2 θ
1
=
cosθ
(
× 1− cos 2 θ ) show this

1
= × sin 2 θ need this
cosθ
sin θ
= × sin θ to show this
cosθ
= sin θ tan θ

(b) ⎛ π⎞ 3
sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = − 2 marks – Correct solution
⎝ 6⎠ 2
π π 1 mark – Substantially
acute related angle x + =
6 3 correct (finds acute related
4π 5π angle, or equivalent merit)
= , 3rd, 4th quadrant Also note that answering in
3 3 degrees gives number outside the
7π 3π domain – You must answer in
x= , radians
6 2

(c) dy
= 1− 6sin3x
dx
6cos3x
f (x) = x + +C
3 2 marks – Correct solution
6cos0
f (0) = 0 + +C =7 1 mark – Substantially
3
correct
7 = 2+C ∴C = 5

6cos3x
f (x) = x + +5
3
f ( x ) = x + 2cos3x + 5
 Question 13 continued…

(d)(i) x = 1− cos 2t, 0 ≤ t ≤ π

⇒ amplitude = 1, period = π
3 marks – Correct solution
(shape of curve is important
here… gradient is zero at x = 0,
p… this needs to be shown
clearly)

2 marks – Substantially
correct (axes, domain, range
labelled correctly)

1 mark – Partial progress

towards correct solution

(d)(ii) Particle is at rest when v = 0 2 marks – Correct solution

dx (either determined correctly from
ie = 0 (stationary points on graph) drawn graph, or justified
dt algebraically from given
π function. Also note that stating
t = 0, ,π coordinates, like (p , 0) is not
2
answering the actual question of
position at these times is x = 0, 2,0 when and where)
1 mark – Substantially
correct

y = sin 2 x
(e)(i) 1 mark – correct solution
dy
dx
= 2cos x sin x ( = sin 2x )

π
2
(e)(ii) ∫ (sin x + cos x )
0
4
dx
3 marks – Correct solution
π
=∫ 4
(sin 2 2
x + 2sin x cos x + cos x dx )
0 2 marks – Substantially
π
⎛ π4 ⎞ correct
= ∫ (1+ 2sin x cos x ) dx
4
⎜ ∫0
= (1+ sin 2x ) dx ⎟
0
⎝ ⎠
1 mark – Partial progress
π
towards correct solution
= ⎡⎣ x + sin 2 x ⎤⎦ 4
( from (i)) ← must be used (must get to line 3 for 1 mark – ie
0
expand and simplify integral)
⎡π ⎛ 1 ⎞2⎤
= ⎢ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥−0
Also note the word “Hence” without
⎢⎣ 4 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ the phrase “or otherwise”. You
MUST use your result in part (i) for
π 1 full marks
= +
4 2
Just FYI, the three most common issues with this question are
highlighted by the three most common comments I wrote in
my responses, which are below
(many various versions of the (d)(ii) comment were used)

This is here as a reminder that DETAIL is important. And

detail is often where the marks are. Whether it’s reading the
detail in the question, or paying attention to detail in your
solutions

(b) domain is 0 < x < 2p ie 0 < x < 6.28

Working in degrees, your answers/values are outside this
domain. If converting to degrees for your working, you MUST
also convert back to radians

(d)(ii) The shape of the curve is vital in this question!

Your graph clearly shows no horizontal gradient at pi (zero is
on the edge), so that can not be considered as stationary. Had
you demonstrated that you obtained these results algebraically,
the 2nd mark would have been awarded

(e) Hence!!! (and no ‘otherwise’) ---> you must use part (i)
Year 12 Mathematics Advanced 2021 TASK 4
Question No. 14 Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question
MA 12-6: Applies appropriate differentiation methods to solve problems
MA 12-7: Applies the concepts and techniques of indefinite and definite integrals in the solutions of
problems..
Part / Solutions Marking Guidelines
Outcome
MA 12-6
(a) 2x (a)(i) 1 mark: Correct
(i) answer
x +2
2

(ii)
(ii) 2 marks: Correct
d x ln 3 x x ln 3 x
e= e e e + e x ln 3 e x ln 3 solution including 3x in
dx
solution.
= 3x e x + 3x e x ln 3 1 mark: Correct
= 3x e x (1 + ln 3) substitution of product rule.

(b) 1 1
y=′ 4 x − Either by solving y′ = 0 or substituting x = (b) 3 marks: Correct
x 2 solution clearly
show that stationary point exists. communicated.
1 1 2 marks: Substantially
By substitution, show that y  =  ln 4 − 3 showing
2 2 correct.
1 1 mark: Partial relevant
utilisation of log law − ln   = + ln 4 progress towards correct
4 solution
1 1
Therefore,  , ln 4 − 3  is a stationary point.
2 2
MA 12-7
(c) (c)(i) 1 mark: Correct x
(i) ( ln 2,3) value.

(ii) 1 mark: Correct line,

(ii)
curve and shading.

(iii) 2 marks – Correct

(iii) Area is equal to the integral between the two functions. solution from previous (i)
3 − ( e x + 1) dx=
ln 2 ln 2
∫ 0 ∫0
2 − e x dx (ii)
1 mark: Correct integral
ln 2

= 2x − e 
x statement.
  0
1 mark: Equivalent correct
= ( 2 ln 2 − 2 ) − ( 0 − 1) answer from slightly
incorrect integral.
= 2 ln 2 −1
 (d)
dx 1 (d)(i) 2 marks: Correct
(i) =−e − t − e −2t + c1 solution including testing
dt 2
Initial conditions: initial conditions for
3 1 constants for both
− = −e0 − e0 + c1 → c1 = 0 primitives.
2 2
1 mark: Correct solution
dx 1
∴ = − e − t − e −2t for one of the primitives.
dt 2
1
x= e − t + e −2t + c2
4
Initial conditions:
3 1 1
= e0 + e0 + c2 → c2 =
−
4 4 2
1 1
∴ x = e − t + e −2t −
4 2
as required.
(d)(ii) (ii) (ii) 1 mark: Correct
1 1 1
t →∞ x =+
lim
0 ( 0) − = − answer. Accept correct
4 2 2 numerical expression.
So, the limiting change in displacement from the starting point
is 1ּ‧25m.

(i)
(e)
1 0 3x 2 (e) 2 marks – Correct
ln k = ∫ 3 dx solution.
3 −2 x − 2
1 mark – Correct primitive
1 0
= ln x3 − 2  statement with boundaries,
3 −2
or correct simplification of
1
= ( ln 2 − ln10 ) log law to find k.
3
1 1
= ln  
3 5
1
∴k =3
5
Multiple Choice:

ex is always greater than zero, so there is nowhere that the function won’t exist. Answer : A
 Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Assessment Task 4 2021
Question No. 15 Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question
MA 12-8: Solves problems using appropriate statistical processes.
Outcome Solutions Marking Guidelines
(a)(i) Award 2 marks for the correct
solution.
MA 12-8  73 + 75 
Median =  =  % 74%, = =
Q1 61%, Q3 83%
 2  Award 1 mark for substantial
∴ Inter - quartile range = ( 83 − 61) % =
progress towards the solution
22%
(ii)

Award 2 marks for the correct

solution.

Award 1 mark for substantial

progress towards the solution

(b)(i) 40% × 30 = 12

Award 1 mark for the correct

solution.
MA 12-8

Top 12 respondents are from 18 to 30, which are the top two
classes. These respondents worked 36 to 44 hours per week.
Award 3 marks for the correct
solution.
(ii) Class centres are the middle of each bar of the histogram. The
number of respondents in each class is the change in height for each Award 2 mark for substantial
bar of the histogram. progress towards the correct
Sum of scores: 18 × 3 + 22 × 2 + 26 × 2 + 30 × 6 + 34 × 5 + solution.
38 × 10 + 42 × 2 = 964
Award 1 mark for some
964
Mean: = 32.1 progress towards the correct
30 solution.
(c)(i)
MA 12-8

Award 1 mark for the correct

location of data on the graph
 (ii) r = −0.94 Award 2 marks for correct
calculation of r with correct
There is a very strong negative relationship between rank and
description
gaming hours. As time played increases, rank decreases. Award 1 mark for correct
calculation of r or for correct
description of an incorrect
value of r.

(iii) Award 2 marks for the correct

a = 180.47 solution.
b = −17.74
Award 1 mark for substantial
y= −17.74 x + 180.47 progress towards the solution

(d)

MA 12-8

Award 2 marks for the correct

solution.

Award 1 mark for substantial

progress towards the solution

Steps for Calculating Cumulative Frequency to draw the

Pareto Line.
1) 28% ⇒ Cumulative Frequency = 28%
2) 20% ⇒ Cumulative Frequency = 48%
3) 16% ⇒ Cumulative Frequency = 64%
4) 16% ⇒ Cumulative Frequency = 80%
5) 12% ⇒ Cumulative Frequency = 92%
6) 8% ⇒ Cumulative Frequency = 100%
Multiple Choice questions
Question 7: Which of the following CANNOT be a cumulative frequency polygon?
A. C.

B. D.

Answer: D . Cumulative frequency is never going to be a decreasing function.

Question 8: Which of the following graphs shows data with the largest standard deviation?
A. C.

B. D.

Answer: D due to a lot of low scores and high scores the distance between the mean and each of the individual
scores will be greater. Hence greater Standard deviation.
Year 12 Mathematics HSC Assessment Task 4 (Trial Examination) 2021
Question No. 16 Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question
MA12-8 solves problems using appropriate statistical processes

Outcome Solutions Marking Guidelines

MA12-8 (a)(i)
3 marks
π ⎛ πx⎞
f ( x) = sin ⎜ ⎟ , ⎡⎣0,6 ⎤⎦ Correct solution with full
12 ⎝ 6 ⎠ reasoning/justification
2 marks
⎛ πx⎞ Shows value of integral is equal to 1
For the domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 , sin ⎜ ⎟ ≥ 0 (shown below
⎝ 6 ⎠ but neglects to mention f ( x ) ≥ 0 .
OR states with a minor error
graphically), hence, f ( x ) ≥ 0 f ( x) ≥ 0
in integral.
1 mark
Makes some progress towards a
correct solution.

Also,
6
⎛ πx⎞ π ⎡ 6 ⎛ πx⎞ ⎤
6
π
∫0 12 sin ⎜⎝ 6 ⎟⎠ dx = 12 ⎢⎣ − π cos ⎜⎝ 6 ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
0

π ⎡ 6 ⎛ π × 6⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎛ π × 0⎞ ⎞ ⎤
= ⎢ − cos ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ − cos ⎜ ⎥
12 ⎢⎣ π ⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ π ⎝ 6 ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
π ⎡ 6 6 ⎤
= − cos π + cos0 ⎥
12 ⎢⎣ π π ⎦
π ⎛ 6 6 ⎞
= − × −1+ × 1⎟
12 ⎜⎝ π π ⎠
π 12
= ×
12 π
=1
∴ The function is a probability density function since
b

f ( x ) ≥ 0 and ∫ f ( x ) dx = 1 .
a

(ii)
MA12-8 4
π πx 2 marks
P ( X ≤ 4) = ∫ sin dx
0
12 6 Correct solution.
4 1 mark
π ⎡ 6 πx⎤ Substantial progress towards correct
= ⎢ − cos ⎥
12 ⎣ π 6 ⎦0 solution.
π ⎡ 6 π ×4 ⎛ 6 π × 0⎞ ⎤
= ⎢ − cos − ⎜ − cos ⎥
12 ⎣ π 6 ⎝ π 6 ⎟⎠ ⎦
π ⎛ 6 2π ⎛ 6 ⎞⎞
= ⎜ − cos − ⎜ − cos0⎟ ⎟
12 ⎝ π 3 ⎝ π ⎠⎠
π 6 1 π 6
= ×− ×− + ×
12 π 2 12 π
1 1
= +
4 2
3
=
4
MA12-8 (b)
x3 − 8 2 marks
F ( x) = Correct solution, giving correct value
335
for IQR.
x3 − 8 x3 − 8
Q3 : 0.75 = Q1 : 0.25 = 1 mark
335 335
Substantial progress towards correct
251.25 = x 3 − 8 83.75 = x 3 − 8
solution, showing correct value for
259.25 = x 3 91.75 = x 3 one of Q1 or Q3.
x ≈ 6.38 (2 dec. pl.) x ≈ 4.51 (2 dec. pl.)
IQR = Q3 − Q1
= 6.38 − 4.51
= 1.87
(c)(i)
MA12-8 Using the empirical law 95% of Barramundi are within 2 standard 2 marks
deviations of the mean, or, 5% are more than 2 standard deviations Correct solution.
smaller or larger than the mean. Given the symmetry of the normal 1 mark
distribution, 2.5% of Barramundi are smaller than 2 deviations less Substantial progress towards correct
than the mean. solution, showing some knowledge of
Hence, the empirical law.
54 = µ − 2s
µ = 54 + 2 × 4
= 62 cm
ie. Mean length of caught Barramundi was 62 cm.

(ii)
MA12-8 R minimum length = 30 cm B minimum length = 55 cm 3 marks
x−µ x−µ Correct solution showing z-scores for
z - score = z - score = both species and correct and logical
s s
30 − 36 55 − 62 reasoning as to which species is more
= = likely to be thrown back.
3 4
= −2 = −1.75 2 marks
Two of the three elements correct.
Reasoning based on a single incorrect
From the z-scores and empirical law, only 2.5% of caught Red z score is acceptable.
Snapper will be returned to the water because they are too small 1 mark
(minimum length is 2 standard deviations from the mean), One of the three elements correct.
however, more than 2.5% of Barramundi will be returned to the Correct reasoning based upon
water as minimum length is only 1.75 standard deviations from the incorrect z-scores is acceptable.
mean. ie. caught Barramundi are more likely to be returned to the
water

(d)
MA12-8 3 marks
Correct solution showing the z-score
and time required to progress to next
From the table, the z-score for an applicant that is faster than stage and correct conclusion.
89.97% of the other applicants is 1.28. The z-score of an applicant 2 marks
that is faster than 90.15% of the other applicants is 1.29. Substantial progress towards a correct
This mean qualifying time for next stage would be: solution with one of the above
elements incorrect.
x = µ − 1.28s OR x = µ − 1.29s 1 mark
= 5 minutes − 1.28 × 30 seconds = 5 minutes − 1.29 × 30 seconds Some progress towards correct
= 4 minutes 21.6 seconds = 4 minutes 21.3 seconds solution with one of the elements
correct.
(Either answer would be acceptable. 1.28 is closer to 90%
probability, 1.29 ensures probability exceeds 90%)

Darcy’s time of 4 minutes 23 seconds does not qualify her for the
next stage of selection.

(This could also be justified by calculating Darcy’s z-score. 37 s

faster than the mean
gives z = 1.23, less than the 1.28 required.)