BMS

(Battery Management System)

Manual
Release 1.0
S/W Version 1.0

N Tech

N Tech
SK Ventium 102-1306F
Dangjeong-dong 522
Gunpo
Gyeonggi 435-776
South Korea
Tel: +82-31-427-6993
2009/07 Fax:+82-31-427-6998
 Content
PART Ⅰ. Hardware
1. General Description --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
2. Overview --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
A. System Overview ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
B. Features ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
3. Operating Conditions & Specification -------------------------------------------------- 3
A. Operating Conditions -------------------------------------------------------------- 3
B. Specification ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
4. Pin Description -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
A. J9 : Cell Voltage & Temperatures ------------------------------------------------- 5
B. J6 : Controls ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
C. J2 : JTAG ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
D. J11:RS-232 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
E. J7 :CAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
F. J8 :Current -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
G. J3 :Power --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
5. Functionality ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
A. Power Up/Down -------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
B. Cell Voltage Measurement -------------------------------------------------------- 9
C. Cell Equalization(Balancing) -------------------------------------------------------- 9
D. Temperature Measurement -------------------------------------------------------- 10
E. Current Measurement -------------------------------------------------------------- 10
F. Digital inputs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
G. Digital outputs --------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
H. PWM output ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
I. Relay output ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
6. PCB Layout & Dimensions -------------------------------------------------------------- 13
7. BMS System ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
PART Ⅱ. Software
1. Main Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
2. Status Information and Setup ---------------------------------------------------------- 16
3. Misc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

N Tech 1 2009/07
 PARTⅠ. Hardware

1. General Description

Li-Polymer cells offer great advantages if compared with other battery technologies; they
are lighter, more durable can be stored in any state of charge, and they are
environmentally benign. However, they require single cell monitor/control in order to be
safe and long lasting.

N-Tech battery management system monitors continuously the status of each cell of the
battery and helps keeping all the relevant battery parameters such as temperature, cell
voltages and battery current, with in their safe limits.

Designed to perform this essential protection and to optimize each cell life,
N-Tech BMS also maximizes the whole battery pack`s performance and ensures it`s safe
usage, compatible with most of the commercially available components for electric
system, and designed for maximum flexibility Li-Polymer BMS 14 is the ideal choice for a
vast range of applications.

2. Overview

A. System Overview

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 B. Features

14 Cells Voltage measurement

9ch Temperature measurement (BMS module uses Temp1 for itself)

Two method current measurement
(via external shunt resistor or Hall effect transducers)

Calculation of the state of charge(SOC)

Cell equalization & Balancing

Two relays with output for protecting the battery from
 OVPT(Over Voltage Protection)
 LVPT(Low Voltage Protection)

Three digital Opto – isolated outputs

Three digital Opto – isolated input used for
 Detection of ignition
 Detection of charger connection
 Custom function

Closed loop charge control

Closed loop discharge control

Interface
 Can bus communication between modules and external components
(e.g. charger, motor controller)
 Serial communication(RS-232) for visualization data, setting parameters or data
logging

Power shut down function.

Compact size[ 132mm(W) x 72mm(D) X 19mm(H)]

3. Operating Conditions & Specification

A. Operating Conditions
Items Specification Remark
Supply Voltage 10V to 60V Battery Pack Voltage 4Cell~14Cell
Operating Temperature range -25℃ to 60℃
Storage Temperature range -30℃ to 80℃
ESD Susceptibility 1.5 kV
Power Consumption <- 1.5 W Without External output Voltage 5V, 250mA

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 B. Specification

Item Specification Condition

Measuring range 0 ~ 5V

Cell Voltage Accuracy F.S ±0.1% ±5mV

Number of
14 Channel
Channel
Hall Sensor : 625mV, 1.25V
Measuring range Not Fixed
Shunt : 50mV, 80mV
Shunt Resistor 0.16mV
Cell Current Accuracy
Hall effect
5mV
transducer
Number of
14 Channel
Channel
10kΩ R T match
Measuring range -30℃ ~ 70℃
Thermister(NTC Type)
Within the range of
Temperature Accuracy F.S ±1℃
-10℃ to 50℃
Number of
9 Channel
Channel

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 4. Pin Description

A. J9: Cell Voltages & Temperatures

Pin Function Pin
Temp1(Internal
1 TGND 2
purpose only)
3 Temp2 TGND 4
5 Temp3 TGND 6
7 Temp4 TGND 8
9 Temp5 TGND 10
11 Temp6 TGND 12
13 Temp7 TGND 14
15 Temp8 TGND 16
17 Temp9 TGND 18
19 Temp10 TGND 20
21 Cell1- Cell1- 22
23 Cell1+, Cell2- Cell1+, Cell2- 24
25 Cell2+, Cell3- Cell2+, Cell3- 26
27 Cell3+, Cell4- Cell3+, Cell4- 28
29 Cell4+, Cell5- Cell4+, Cell5- 30
31 Cell5+, Cell6- Cell5+, Cell6- 32
33 Cell6+, Cell7- Cell6+, Cell7- 34
35 Cell7+, Cell8- Cell7+, Cell8- 36
37 Cell8+, Cell9- Cell8+, Cell9- 38
39 Cell9+, Cell10- Cell9+, Cell10- 40
41 Cell10+, Cell11- Cell10+, Cell11- 42
43 Cell11+, Cell12- Cell11+, Cell12- 44
45 Cell12+, Cell13- Cell12+, Cell13- 46
47 Cell13+, Cell14- Cell13+, Cell14- 48
49 Cell14+ Cell14+ 50
★BMS module uses Temp1 for itself that it is not applicable for each individual
users.

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 B. J6: Controls
Pin Function Pin
1 Rel2b NO Rel2b COM 2
3 Rel2b NC Rel2a NO 4
5 Rel2a COM Rel2a NC 6
7 Rel1b NO Rel1b COM 8
9 Rel1b NC Rel1a NO 10
11 Rel1a COM Rel1a NC 12
13 Out2 Emitter Out2 Collector 14
15 Out1 Emitter Out1 Collector 16
17 PWM2 Out Emitter PWM2 Out Collector 18
19 PWM1 Out Emitter PWM1 Out Collector 20
21 +5V(EVCC) GND(EGND) 22
23 In3+ In3- 24
25 In2+ In2- 26
27 In1+ In1- 28
29 In1+ In1- 30

★In1 in master module receives ignition signal from external terminal, the signal
moves to next module one by one using cascade control.

★ Cascade control uses PIN21 and PIN22 to convey the signal to In1 in next module.

C. J2: JTAG
Pin Function Pin
1 TCK GND 2
3 TDO +5V 4
5 TMS nRESET 6
7 +5V NC 8
9 TDI GND 10

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 D. J11: RS-232
Pin Function Pin
1 NC NC 2
3 RXD NC 4
5 TXD NC 6
7 EVCC(+5V) EVCC(+5V) 8
9 EGND EGND 10

★ While PC monitoring with RS232 communication is available, LCD display

module can be used to monitor the function of each BMS module(Optional).

E. J7: CAN
Pin Function Pin
1 External Reset1 NC 2
3 CAN_L CAN_H 4
5 CAN_L CAN_H 6
7 External Reset2 External Reset3 8
9 CVCC(+5V) CGND 10

F. J8: Current
Pin Function Pin
1 Shunt+ NC 2
3 Shunt- Hall_out 4
5 EVCC(+5V) EGND 6
7 Hall_ref NC 8
9 NC EGND 10

G. J3: Power
Pin Function Pin
1 VCC GND 3

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 5. Functionality

A. Power Up/Down
J3
Q1 Internal
power source
1

Battery
Pack
4~14cell 2

Ignition1 J6
9
Q2
Power hold up
and shut down

10

Power Up

 BMS input voltage depends on battery pack voltage 4~14 cells(10V~60V). Q1 is

initially turned on by signal from External Digital input(Ignition Signal) letting
power flow in and Power supply, using signals from Power hold up, continues
with Ignition signal.

Power Down

 When Ignition is off and the cell balancing finishers according to parameter set
value, Q2 is turned off as well as Q1 to Shut down BMS power.

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 B. Cell Voltage Measurement
BAT01 BAT02 BAT03 BAT04 BAT05 BAT06 BAT07 BAT08 BAT09 BAT10 BAT11 BAT12 BAT13 BAT14

J9
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50

MON01 MON02 MON03 MON04 MON05 MON06 MON07 MON08 MON09 MON10 MON11 MON12 MON13 MON14

The Cell Voltage Measurement input are also used for cell equalization All
connections and cables must be sufficient for carrying current of up to 100mA

Use cable with sufficient cross section for good mechanical strength

C. Cell Equalization(Balancing)

BAT01 BAT02 BAT03 BAT04 BAT05 BAT06 BAT07 BAT08 BAT09 BAT10 BAT11 BAT12 BAT13 BAT14

J9
21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50

Bal01 Bal02 Bal03 Bal04 Bal05 Bal06 Bal07 Bal08 Bal09 Bal10 Bal11 Bal12 Bal13 Bal14

Equalization occurs only during dormant periods(system switch off, charging has
finished) and only the cell voltage is higher than the parameter ”Min EQ Voltage”
Equalization stops as soon as Maximum voltage difference is smaller than 10mV.

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 D. Temperature Measurement
TH10 TH09 TH08 TH07 TH06 TH05 TH04 TH03 TH02 TH01

J9
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

VCC

Temp_Mon10 Temp_Mon09 Temp_Mon08 Temp_Mon07 Temp_Mon06 Temp_Mon05 Temp_Mon04 Temp_Mon03 Temp_Mon02 Temp_Mon01

Ten temperatures are measured using a “ NTC Thermistor 10kΩ at 25℃ R-T
matched

 The range is -30 ˚C to +70 ˚C

 The error is smaller than ±1.0˚C within the range of -10˚C to +50˚C
 10ch Temperature measurement (BMS module uses Temp1 for itself)

E. Current Measurement

J8
Battery E5V
Pack 10
9
Load Hall sensor 8
&
7 -
Dischage Current
Charger VCC .
6 +
Out
5
Ref
4
GND 3
Shunt R
2 -
. Chage Current
1 +

This BMS provides an interface for measuring two separate Bi-directional current
one of them using Hall Effect devices and the other one using a shunt resistor.

The shunt resistor must be on the low side (-) of managed battery connect the
shunt (+) to the battery low side and shunt (-) to the charge/load GND.

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The Hall Effect transducers are non-contact measurement systems which can be
utilized anywhere (even to measure the currents in electrically isolated systems), they
exhibit fewer EMC problems however; Hall-effect devices exhibit a higher power
consumption than shunt resistors. The resolution of current measurements with Hall
devices is lower and offset drift can be an issue if the reference output is not being
used.

F. Digital inputs

J6
Digital_Input3 Digital_Input1
23

6
24
Digital_Input2

4
Digital_Input2
25

6
26

4
27

28
Digital_Input3
Digital_Input1
29
1

6
30
3

Digital input 1,2,3 are optically isolated inputs

 The first input is for sensing the “Ignition” input (on/off switch)
 The second input is for sensing whether a charger is connected and switched
on
 The third input has no default function. This third input according to user
requirements and specifications.

External resistor needs to be applied in accordance with input voltage..

Vsupply
Voltage of Number of cells Resistor[kΩ]
battery pack
Digital_Input
Ext._Reg.
IN+
R_in 12 3…4 0.56
24 7 1.80
1

1K

IN-
36 10 … 12 2.70
3

48 12 … 14 3.90

N Tech 11 2009/07
 G. Digital outputs

J6
5V
Digital_Output2
16

1
No default
15 Digital_Output2

3
Digital_Output1 14

1
No default
13 Digital_Output1

3

Two opto-isolated digital outputs are provided.

These opto-isolated digital outputs can be used by users to interface with external
module and other equipments..

H. PWM output

J6
5V
PWM_Output1
20
6

19 PWM1
4

PWM_Output2 18
6

17 PWM2
4

Two PWM outputs are provided for closed-loop controls.

 The first output control(limits) the charger output

 The second output control(limits)the discharger current

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 I. Relay output

J6

1 Rel2b NO
2 Rel2b COM
3 Rel2b NC
Relay_Control Rel2a NO Relay_output2
4
5 Rel2a COM
6 Rel2a NC

7 Rel1b NO
8 Rel1b COM
9 Rel1b NC
Relay_Control Rel1a NO Relay_output1
10
11 Rel1a COM
12 Rel1a NC

Two relay output are provided for protection charge/discharge problems.

 The relays are controlled by software and also by hardware protection layer
they can be used for controlling main contactors as well as additional
charge/discharge equipment such as auxiliaries or solar panel chargers
 Relay1 switches the charging path and Relay2 switches discharging path each
contacts in the relay can switch 1A at 30V. Both contacts in the relay can be
paralleled in order to allow switching 2A at 30V.

6. PCB Layout & Dimensions

Shows the dimensions of the BMS printed circuit Board all connectors are labeled and
the first and last pin of each connector are numbered

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 7. BMS System

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 PARTⅡ. Software

1. Main Information

 Cell Voltage

Cell voltage are displayed in a bar graph where users can have a clear look at glance.

 Cell Temperature

Cell temperatures from 10 checking points are also displayed in a bar graph.

 Cell Current

Current measurements in both charging and discharging are displayed in cell current
display.

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 2. Status Information and Setup

 Totals

Pack Current(A)

Pack Voltage(V)

Pack Power(W)

 Max. & Min. Values

Max. Temp.(degC)
 Highest temperature among 9 channels.

Max. Cell Volt.(V)

 Maximum voltage among cells in battery pack.

Min. Cell Volt.(V)

 Minimum voltage among cells in battery pack.

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  Battery Status

Pack SOH (%)
 Battery State of Health

Pack SOC (%)

 Battery State of Charge

Ah Count

 Status

Startup

Charge

Discharge

Equalize

Monitor

Active

Cooling

Heating

Shutdown

 Problem

Over Volt
 Over Voltage

Under Volt
 Under Voltage

C_TempHigh
 Charge Over Temperature

D_TempHigh
 Discharge Over Temperature

H_OverVolt
 Hardware Over Voltage

H_UnderVolt
 Hardware Under Voltage

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C_CurHigh
 Charge Over Current

D_CurHigh
 Discharge Over Current

 Command

Nominal Battery Capacity

Number of Module
 Parameter which enables master to recognize the number of slave boards
connected when CAN communication occurs.

Charge Max. Voltage

 It is crucial that users are aware of battery specification to
prevent any events regarding overcharging.

Equalization Min. Voltage

 It is possible to set lowest balancing voltage so that balancing mode won`t
function at any level below set voltage by setting parameter.

BMS Shutdown Voltage

 Fixed voltage where BMS is shut down not to consume battery voltage when
BMS delivers its performances such as checking voltage.

Charge Hysteresis
 When the voltage drops below setting value, it starts charging immediately.
(Charge Voltage – Charge Hysteresis)

High Cut-off Voltage(V)

Low Cut-off Voltage(V)

Hall Effect Sensor Gain(A/mV)

 Current variation based on 1mV from Hall sensor.
 This value is used to select the Hall Effect Sensor and Shunt.
1. Value is greater then 0 : Hall Effect Sensor using a perception.
2. Value equal to 0 : Shunt using a perception.

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Hall Effect Sensor Offset
 Hall sensor value when current is 0

Shunt Rated Voltage

Shunt Resistor Offset

Shunt Rated Current

Ah Count

Max Discharge Current

 Users to set max discharge current in accordance battery capacity and load
capacity.

Initial Charging Current

 Maximum charging current parameter when the battery pack is being charged.

End of charge Current

 Cut-off current in CV(Constant Voltage) period when charging.

High Cut-off Temperature

Low Cut-off Temperature

Over Temperature Level

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  Functions of buttons in command window and setting parameter.

Refresh Param
 Refreshing parameter settings from the board.

Reset Param
 Buttons that sets everything back in parameter to default values.

Save Param
 Sending new parameter value from the screen to board.

Reboot System

Ignition On

Ignition Off

Zero Cur. Meas.

 Button for Zero-in current(Current sensor calibration)

Start Shutdown
 Shut down BMS module.

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Set Module info.
 This command should be entered in each of the modules..
 Module ID : When setting the module ID, should start from master(0) one by
one. If misplaced, should put “255” on set module ID to initialize and start
again.
 Cell Num. : Set the number of battery cells.(MAX. 14 cells)
 Temp. Num. : Set the number of temperature channels.(MAX. 9ch)
(10kΩ R-T Match Thermister(NTC Type) should be used.)

Parameter setting
 Double clicking parameter item will show pop-up window where users can set
parameter values.

 Input parameter value and click write button.

 When finish parameter settings, click ‘save param’ button on the right and
parameter value will be sent to BMS modules.

3. Misc.

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  Misc. Window has the following features.

Voltage & temperature data storage capabilities of the BMS.

Battery cell voltage monitoring.

Temperature monitoring..

 Voltage & temperature monitoring data storage.

Click the Start button.

Set the path and filename of the file..

When you click the Stop button, the data is stored in the specified file.

 Voltage & temperature monitoring data storage for example

(2 BMS module)

N Tech 22 2009/07