Phrase and Clause Grade 7

Definitions
A clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb.

Examples:
They waited for the store to open.
While they waited for the store to open …
An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can stand on its own.

Examples:
She is hungry.
I am feeling well today.
A dependent clause cannot stand on its own. It needs an independent clause to complete a
sentence. Dependent clauses often begin with such words as although, since, if, when, whenever,
while, after and because.
Examples:
1) Although she is hungry …
2) Whenever they leave …
3) Because I am feeling well …
Dependent Independent
1) Although she is hungry… 1) She will give him some of her food.
2) Whatever they decide… 2) I will agree to study every day.
A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb component, used as a single part of speech.
Examples:
1) Best friend
2) Needing help
3) With the blue shirt
4) For twenty days
5) Is studying
Exercise
1) Write two independent clauses.
Skip 2 lines
2) Write four dependent clauses.
Skip 2 lines
3) Write four phrases.
Types of Sentence Structure
Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex
A common weakness in writing is the lack of varied sentences. Becoming aware of three general
types of sentences (simple, compound, and complex) can help you vary the sentences in your
writing. The most effective writing uses a variety of the sentence types explained below.
1. Simple Sentences
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a
completed thought.
Examples of simple sentences include the following:
1) Arthur waited for the train.

"Arthur" = subject, "waited" = verb
2) The train was late.

"The train" = subject, "was" = verb
3) Mary and Samantha took the bus.

"Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb
2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete
sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating or correlative conjunction.
Forming a compound sentence using a coordinating conjunction (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet,
So)
*For means the same thing as because.
*Yet means the same thing as but.
I taught the lesson, and the students listened.
My brother was brave, but I was shy.
I went to work early every day, for I was a dedicated manager.
He was a pastor, yet he didn’t do the right thing.

Forming compound sentences using conjunctive adverbs (furthermore, moreover, however,
nevertheless, therefore etc.)
The student did well; furthermore, she was rewarded by her parents.
The student was discourteous; therefore, he was rebuked by the principal.
The car was old; however, it drove very well.
Forming compound sentences using a semi-colon.
There are many planets in the universe; Mars is a planet.
1) Write 2 simple sentences.

Skip 2 lines
2) Write 3 compound sentences using a coordinating conjunction.
Skip 5 lines
3) Write 3 compound sentences using a conjunctive adverb.
Skip 5 lines
4) Write 2 compound sentences using only a semi-colon to join the clauses.
3. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but
it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.
Examples of dependent clauses include the following:
 because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
 while he waited at the train station
 after they left on the bus
Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added
to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.
Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most
common subordinating conjunctions: after, although, because, before, if, since, though, when,
while).
A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses.
The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the independent clause, as in the
following:
1) Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at
the station.
2) While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.
3) After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train
station.
Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent
clause, as in the following:
1) I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station
before noon.
2) Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.
3) Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after they left on the
bus.
Exercise
Write 5 complex sentences. Let 2 of them begin with the dependent clause, and let the remaining
3 begin with the independent clause.

Phrase and Clause Grade 7

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Definitions

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb.

An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can stand on its own.

Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex

Examples of simple sentences include the following:

1) Arthur waited for the train.

2) The train was late.

3) Mary and Samantha took the bus.

I taught the lesson, and the students listened.

My brother was brave, but I was shy.

I went to work early every day, for I was a dedicated manager.

He was a pastor, yet he didn’t do the right thing.

The student was discourteous; therefore, he was rebuked by the principal.

The car was old; however, it drove very well.

Forming compound sentences using a semi-colon.

There are many planets in the universe; Mars is a planet.

1) Write 2 simple sentences.

Examples of dependent clauses include the following:

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