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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Inequalities in Triangles
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Inequalities in Triangles
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Editors: Nida Barbara I. Suasin, Frances D. Pinili, Queenie Moriones, Ma. Theresa Tolentino,
Elenita S. Ampalayo , Elizabeth A. Calumba, Noralyn A. Dumogho
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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Inequalities in Triangles
 I

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
• Illustrate theorems on triangle inequality.
(M8GE – Iva – 1)

OBJECTIVES:
K: Determine the theorems in inequalities of one triangle and inequalities of two
triangles.
S: Illustrate theorems on triangle inequalities (Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem,
Triangle Inequality Theorem, Hinge Theorem).
A: Appreciate and apply triangle inequalities in real-life situations.

I
Pre-assessment:
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your
notebook.

1. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is always__________.

A. greater than its adjacent interior angle.
B. less than its adjacent interior angle.
C. greater than either remote interior angle.
D. less than either remote interior angle.

2. Which of the following angles is an exterior of ΔTYP?

T

Y P 5

A. ∠4 B. ∠5 C. ∠6 D. ∠7

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3. What are the possible values for x in the figure?

A. x < 11.25 B. x > 11.25 C. x ≤ 11.25 D. x ≥ 11.25

4. From the inequalities in the triangles shown, a conclusion can be reached using the
converse of hinge theorem. Which of the following is the last statement?

A. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑀 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑀 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐸
B. m∠OHM > m∠EHM D. m∠EHM > m∠OHM

5. Which side of ∆GOD is the shortest segment?

̅̅̅̅
A. 𝐺𝑂 ̅̅̅̅
B. 𝐷𝐺 ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝐷𝑂 ̅̅̅̅
D. 𝐺𝐷

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 Lesson Inequalities in triangles

https://fineartamerica.com/featured/pittsburgh-skyline-fli-art.html https://fineartamerica.com/featured/triangle-landscape-karla-gerard.html

Have you ever wondered how artist utilize triangles in their artworks? Have you ever
asked yourself how contractors architects, and engineers make use of triangular features in their
designs? The answer to these queries are unveiled in this module.

’s In

A. Do the activity below. This activity will guide you about the module. Answer the questions
that follow after the activity.
Good luck and enjoy doing the activity!
Materials Needed: protractor, ruler
Procedures:
1. With the use of a protractor, measure the angles opposite the sides with given lengths.
Indicate the measure in your table.
2. Discover the relationship that exists between the lengths of the sides of triangles and the
angles opposite them and write them on a bond paper.

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 T

Triangle Length of sides Measure of Angles Opposite

the sides
ΔFUN ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑁 3.5 m∠U
̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑈 4.5 m∠F
ΔPTY ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑌 6 m∠T
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑇 5 m∠Y
ΔRYT ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑌 5 m∠T
̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑌 10 m∠R

1. Is there a relationship between the length of a side of a triangle and the measure of the angle
opposite it?
Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
2. Making Conjecture: What is the relationship between the sides of a triangle and the angles
opposite them? •
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite that side is
_________.
3. Your findings in no. 2 describe the Triangle Inequality Theorem 1. Write it in if-then form.
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then
____________________________.
4. What is the relationship between the longest side of a triangle and the measure of the angle
opposite it?

5. What is the relationship between the shortest side of a triangle and the measure of the angle
opposite it?

’s New

The next activity is about discovering the triangle inequality theorem involving an
exterior angle of a triangle. Before doing it, let us first recall the definition of an exterior
angle of a triangle. Exterior angle of a triangle is an angle which forms a linear pair with an
interior angle of a triangle. Take a look of the figure below

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 ̅̅̅̅̅ of ∆LMN to a point P, 𝑀𝑃
By extending 𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅̅ is formed. As a result, ∠LNP forms a
linear pair with ∠LNM. Because it forms a linear pair with one of the angles of ∆LMN,
∠LNP is referred to as an exterior angle of ∆LMN. The angles non-adjacent to ∠LNP, ∠L
and ∠M, are called remote interior angles of exterior ∠LNP. In the triangle shown, ∠4, ∠5
and ∠6 are exterior angles. The remote interior angles of ∠4 are ∠2 and ∠3; of ∠5, ∠1 and
∠3; of ∠6, ∠1 and ∠2
Complete the table below by providing the missing measures. The first is done for you. Use
a protractor to measure each of the angle.

Figure Exterior Remote Remote Measure of

angle Interior Exterior Remote
angle Angle Interiors
𝑚∠𝐴 =30
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 ∠𝐴 ∠𝐵 and
m ∠𝐵= 90

How do you compare the measure of the exterior angle with the measure of either remote-
interior angle?

A. Name the shortest side and the longest side of the following triangles:

Triangle Longest Shortest

side Side
1 ∆TRY
2 ∆PAT
3 ∆LUV

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 is It

We have the following theorems on triangle inequalities:

Inequalities in One Triangle:

• Triangle Inequality Theorem 1(Ss Aa)
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the first
side is larger than the angle opposite the second side.
• Triangle Inequality Theorem 2(Aa Ss)
If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the first
angle is longer than the side opposite the second angle.
• Triangle Inequality Theorem 3(S1 +S2 > S3)
The sum of the length of any two side of a triangle is greater than the length of the third
side.
• Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either
remote interior angle.

Inequalities in Two Triangles:

• Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequalities Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to the two side of another triangle, but the
included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then
the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second.
• Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third
side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the included
angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second.

’s More

A. Fill-in the table below with the correct information.

Triangle Longest Shortest Arrangement of sides in

side side Increasing Length
ΔBAC
ΔXYZ

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 B. Write M if the given below can be a measure of side of a triangle and write N if not.

1. 5, 3, 6
2. 3, 4, 2
3. 7, 3, 11
4. 4, 3, 9
5. 10, 8, 6

C. Use the Exterior Angle Inequality theorem to find the measure of each angle below.

1. m∠𝑅𝐴𝐶= ____ 2. m∠𝐻𝐴𝑇=______

3. m∠RAE=____ 4. m∠𝑀𝐻𝐴=______

D. Identify each below base on the given triangles.

MEASURES

Triangle 1st Remote 2nd Remote 3rd Remote

Exterior interior Exterior interior Exterior Interior
angle angle Angles
ΔHEY
ΔDAY
ΔJOY

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 I Have Learned

Use the diagram below to answer the given questions.

1. If ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and m∠QPR > m∠QPS, which is longer, 𝑆𝑄

𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ or 𝑅𝑄
̅̅̅̅ ? Why?

2. If ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑄

𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ < 𝑆𝑄
̅̅̅̅ , which is larger, ∠RPQ or ∠SPQ? Why?

I Can Do

You are constructing a stage prop that shows a large triangular mountain. The bottom
edge of the mountain is about 27 feet long, the left slope is about 24 feet long, and the right
slope is about 20 feet long. You are told that the angles are about 460 and about 590. What is
the angle measure of the peak of the mountain? Make a design of the stage props. Your
designed will be evaluated according to the rubrics below.
Criteria Outstanding Satisfactory Developing (3) Beginning (2) Rating
(5) (4)
Accuracy The The Some The
computation is computation computations computation is
accurate and is accurate are erroneous erroneous
show wise use and show use and show some accurate and do
of the concepts of the concepts of not show some
of triangle concepts of triangle concepts of
inequality. triangle inequality. triangle
inequality. inequality.
Creativity The design is The design is The design use The design
comprehensive presentable of the concepts doesn’t use of
and displays and make use of geometric the concepts of
the aesthetic of the representations geometric
aspects of the concepts of but not representations
mathematical geometric presentable. and not
concepts. representatio presentable.
ns.
Stability The design is The design is The design The design
stable and stable, makes use of does not used
comprehensive presentable triangle triangle
and displays and make use

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 the aesthetic of triangle inequality but inequality and
aspects of inequality. not stable. not stable
principles of
triangle
inequality.
Mathematical Justification is Justification Justification is Justification is
Justification logically clear, is clear and not so clear. ambiguous.
convincing, convincingly Some ideas are Only few
and delivered. not connected concepts on
professionally Appropriate to each other. triangles
delivered. The concepts Not all inequalities are
concepts learned on concepts on applied.
learned on triangle triangle
triangle inequalities inequalities are
inequalities are are applied applied.
applied and
previously
learned
concepts are
connected to
the new ones.

Direction: Write the letter of your answer in your notebook.

1. Which of the following is not an inequality theorem for one triangle?
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss →Aa) C. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3) D. Hinge Theorem

2. Which of the following angles is an exterior angle of ∆RPY?

A. ∠2 B. ∠3 C. ∠4 D. ∠7

3. Study the figure in no. 2. Notice that m∠5 > m∠3 and m∠5 > m∠1. Which theorem
justifies these observations?
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss →Aa)
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa → Ss)
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3 )
D. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
4. Chris forms triangles by bending a 16-inch wire. Which of the following sets of wire
lengths successfully form a triangle?
I. 4 in, 5 in, 6 in II. 4 in, 4 in, 8 in III. 4 in, 5 in, 7 in IV. 3 in, 4 in, 9 in
A. I, II B. III, IV C. II, IV D. I, III

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5. From the inequalities in the triangles shown, Jarold concluded that ∠OHM > ∠EHM.
Which theorem on inequalities in triangle justifies his answer?

A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3)

B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss →Aa)
C. Converse of Hinge Theorem
D. Hinge Theorem

A. Use >, <, or = to compare the measure of angles

B. Name the exterior angle/s of the triangles shown in the figure.

C. Using the Converse of Hinge Theorem, write an if-then statement to describe the
appropriate sides and angles of ∆RAP and ∆YES.

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Additional Activities What’s More
What is I Have Learned A.
A.
̅̅̅̅.
1. 𝑄𝑅
Triangle Inequality
Theorem 1 B. 1. M, 2. M, 3. N, 4. N, 5. M
C.
B. 2. ∠𝑆𝑃𝐺. 1. 1530, 2. 970
3. 270, 4. 460
Triangle Inequality D.
C. If AR ≅ EY, AP ≅ ES,
and PR > SY; then
m∠A = m∠E.
Assessment What I Know
1. D
What I Can Do What’s In
The peak of the 1. Yes, there is. 1. C
2. A 2. When one side of a triangle is longer
triangular props is 750. than a second side, the angle opposite 2. B
3. D
(Grade is based on the the first side is larger than the angle 3. A
4. B opposite the second side.
given rubrics) 4. A
5. C 3. If one side of a triangle is longer than a
second side, then the angle opposite the 5. A
first side is larger than the angle opposite
the second side.
4. If one side of a triangle is the longest,
then the angle opposite it is the largest.
5. If one side of a triangle is the shortest,
then the angle opposite it is the smallest.
Triangle Longest Shortest
side Side
1 ∆TRY ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑌
2 ∆PAT ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇 ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑃
3 ∆LUV ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑉 ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑈
References

Books:

Department of Education. Mathematics-Grade 8: Teacher’ Guide1st ed.2015, 403 - 468.

Bernabe, Julieta G., et.al. Mathematics Beyond 2000. Vibal Publishing House, Inc., 1996.

Websites:
https://fineartamerica.com/featured/pittsburgh-skyline-fli-art.html

https://www.stcs.org/files/page/21947/Geometry%20Textbook%20Chapter%2
05-6.pdf

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