Mathematics 8 Q4 Module 8 Corrected
Mathematics 8 Q4 Module 8 Corrected
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 8
Finding the Probability of a
Simple Event
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 8: Finding the Probability of a Simple Event
First Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Joannarie
Printed in the Philippines C. Garcia
by ____________________________
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 8
Finding the Probability of a
Simple Event
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module provides varied activities that will help you learn how to
compute for the Probability of a Simple Event.
What I Know
Pre-test
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer
and write in on your answer sheet.
1. A balanced die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number that is not 3?
1 3 5 1
a. b. c. d.
6 6 6 2
2. All the possible outcomes that can occur when a coin is tossed twice are listed in the
box. What is the probability of having two heads?
HH TH
TT HT
1 1 3 d. 1
a. b. c.
4 2 4
3. The local weather forecaster said that there is a 20% chance of rain tomorrow. What
is the probability that it will not rain tomorrow?
a. 0.2 b. 0.8 c. 20 d. 80
4. Suppose you toss two fair coins once, how many possible outcomes are there?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8
5. In a 200-ticket draw for an educational prize, Elijah’s name was written on 26 tickets.
What is the probability that he would win.
a. 0.19 b. 0.17 c. 0.15 d. 0.13
1
6. Which of the following is true?
a. Answering a true or false type question has one possible outcome.
b. Flipping a coin thrice has 3 possible outcomes.
1
c. The probability of getting a head when a coin is tossed can be expressed as ,
2
0.5 or 50%.
1
d. The probability of rolling 7 in a die is .
7
7. A glass jar contains 40 red, green, blue and yellow marbles. The probability of
1
drawing a single green marble at random is . What does this mean?
5
a. There are 5 green marbles in the glass jar.
b. There are 8 green marbles in the glass jar.
c. There are more green marbles than the others.
d. There is only one green marble in the glass jar.
8. In a restaurant, you have a dinner choice of one main dish, one vegetable, and one
drink. The choices for the main dish are pork and chicken meat. The vegetable
choices are broccoli and cabbage. The drink choices are juice and water. How many
choices are possible?
a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14
9. In a family of 3 children, what is the probability that the middle child is a girl?
1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d.
8 4 3 2
10. Aquila rolls two dice. The first die shows a 5. The second die rolls under his desk and
he cannot see it. Now, what is the probability that both dice show 5?
1 1 9 1
a. b. c. d.
36 6 36 3
11. There are four teams in a basketball tournament. Team A has 25% chance of
winning. Team B has the same chance as Team D which has 5% more than Team A.
Team C has half the chance of winning as Team B. Which of the following has the
correct table of probabilities for winning the tournament?
a. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 30% 15% 30%
of winning
b. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 20% 20% 35%
of winning
c. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 15% 45% 15%
of winning
d. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 15% 10% 50%
of winning
2
12. Each of the letters of the word PHILIPPINES is written on a card. The cards are
shuffled and placed upside down on the table. What is the probability that a card
picked at random shows I?
1 2 3 7
a. b. c. d.
11 11 11 11
13. In a group of 50 people, 8 are teachers, 22 are male students while 20 are female. If
a person chosen at random, what is the probability that the person is a female
student?
20 10 11 2
a. b. c. d.
50 25 25 5
15. Suppose you draw one card at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.
What is the probability that you will picked a red face card?
1 6 3 3
a. b. c. d.
2 13 13 26
What’s In
From the previous module you were able to count the number of occurrences of an
outcome in an experiment using table, tree diagram, systematic listing and by the use of the
fundamental counting principle. Let us recall some of the important terms in your previous
lesson.
Rolling a die, tossing a coin, picking a card randomly or choosing a marble from a jar
or in a box, which could be repeated over and over again and which have well-defined
results are called experiments. Each possible result of an experiment is called an outcome.
And the set of all possible outcomes is the sample space n(s) of the experiment.
Now let us start our lesson in this module by answering the following questions:
3
2. Two dice are rolled. How many outcomes are possible?
List all possible outcomes in the table below.
Dice 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
4. Aiyesha Raine is planning to buy a new car. The dealer gave her a brochure about
the options.
a. How many combinations are possible with a choice of one exterior color (red,
blue, black, white, or pink), one interior upholstery (leather or cloth), and one
accessory (car cover, tire inflator, vacuum, or a set of air freshener).
______________ combinations.
b. Aiyesha Raine decides she wants a pink car, how many combinations she would
have?
______________ combinations.
How was the activity you just have done? Were you able to answer
each item correctly? Your knowledge in counting outcomes specially
the skill using the fundamental principle of counting will be a big
help in answering the rest of this module.
4
What’s New
What is It
Probability
“To know the future one must know how to live today.”
- jlv
Definition
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerned with analyzing the chance that a
particular event will occur. Its purpose is to attempt to predict the likelihood that something
will or will not happen.
1
0 1
2
The probability of an event denoted by P(E) is a number from 0 to 1 which tells how likely the
event is to happen. The closer the number to 1 means that the event is likely to happen
while if it approaches 0 it lessen the likelihood of the event to happen. A probability of 0
means the event will not happen while a probability of 1 means the event is certain to
happen.
5
Probability of an event is given by the formula below:
Probability Rules
7
P(rain) = 70% or in fraction or 0.7 in decimal.
10
0
Hence, P(8) = =0
6
When a single die is rolled, what is the probability of getting a number less than 7?
Since all the outcomes {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6} are less than 7, then
6
P(number less than 7) = =1
6
4. The sum of all the probabilities of all the outcomes in the sample space is 1.
1
In rolling a fair die, each outcome in the sample space has a probability of and
6
there are 6 outcome.
1 1 1 1 1 1
P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = P(4) = P(5) = P(6) =
6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 6
+ + + + + = = 1 ;adding all the probability events will result to 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1
If a pair coin is flipped, P(H) = and P(T) =
2 2
6
Let us continue our lesson by checking your answers in the activity ‘What’s In’ and
answering the additional questions in each tasks.
Solutions:
n(s) = 2(2)(2) = 8 possible outcomes
3
P(two heads and a tail) =
8
Dice 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6
4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
5 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6
6 6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6
Solutions:
n(s) = 6(6) = 36 possible outcomes
3 1
P(sum of 10) = =
36 12
3. A circle is divided into 8 equal parts to form a spinner and numbered as shown on the
right side. Write down the sample space. What is the probability of getting an even
number?, an odd number?
Solutions: 2 1
s(n): { 1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9 }
8 3
n(even): { 2, 8 } 9 5
5 7
n(odd): { 1, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9 }
7
2 1
The probability of getting an even number is P(even) = =
8 4
6 3
The probability of getting an odd number is P(odd) = =
8 4
(note to the learner: the probability of getting an even number + the probability of
1 3
getting an odd = 1, as such + =1)
4 4
4. Aiyesha Raine is planning to buy a new car. The dealer gave her a brochure about
the options.
a. How many combinations are possible with a choice of one exterior color (red,
blue, black, white, or pink), one interior upholstery (leather or cloth), and one
accessory (car cover, tire inflator, vacuum, or a set of air freshener). What is the
probability that she will choose a blue car?, a leather upholstery? And a set of air
freshener as an accessory?
Solutions:
n(s) = 5(2)(4) = 40 possible outcomes
1
P(blue car) =
5
1
P(leather upholstery) =
2
Accessory 4 choices (car cover, tire inflator, vacuum, or a set of air freshener)
1
P(air freshener) =
4
b. Aiyesha Raine decides she wants a pink car, how many combinations she would
have?
Solutions:
n(s) = 1(2)(4) = 8 possible outcomes
8
Did you get all the answers right in ‘What’s In’? Now let us continue the lesson in discussing
with other examples of probabilities:
1. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of cards. Find the probability of drawing:
a. a King b. a heart c. a face card d. not a king
Solutions:
An ordinary deck of cards consists of 52 cards, so n(s) = 52. There are 4 Kings,
13 hearts, and 12 face cards. If we denote the event of getting a King to be K, the event of
getting a heart to be H, and the event of getting a face card to be F, n(K) = 4, n(H) = 13, and
n(F) = 12.
4 1 13 1 12 3
a. P(K) = = b. P(H) = = c. P(F) = =
52 13 52 4 52 13
d. There are 4 Kings in an ordinary deck of cards. Hence there are 48 (52 – 4) cards
which are not Kings. If we denote the event of not getting a King to be B, then
n(B) = 48.
48 12 1
P(B) = or if we take note that the probability of getting a King is P(K) = then
52 13 13
1 13 1 12
the probability of not getting a King is simply P(B) = 1- = - =
13 13 13 13
2. A glass jar contains marbles of which 20 are pink, 15 are yellow and 10 are blue. If a
marble is to be drawn at random, what is the probability that the colour will be:
a. pink? b. yellow? c. blue? d. not a blue?
20 4 10 2
a. P(pink) = = c. P(blue) = =
45 9 45 9
15 1 2 7
b. P(yellow) = = d. P(not blue) = 1 – P(blue) = 1 - =
45 3 9 9
3. If one letter is chosen at random from the word TRUSTWORTHY, what is the probability
that the letter chosen is:
a. A? b. T? c. R? d. a consonant?
0 2
a. P(A) = =0 c. P(R) =
11 11
3 9
b. P(T) = d. P(consonant) =
11 11
9
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Directions: Match the following with each letter on the probability line.
Number 1 is already done for you.
a b c d e
Impossible Unlikely Equal Chances Likely Certain
1
0 1
2
e
_____1. There are 7 days in a week.
_____ 2. A dog will lay eggs.
_____ 3. In the Philippines it will snow in March.
_____ 4. If you flip a coin, it will come down heads.
_____ 5. A Filipino does not speak Tagalog.
_____ 6. Of the 40 seedlings of my Plantita, only 10 survive the heavy rain.
_____ 7. The third person to knock on the door will be a female.
_____ 8. A square is a rectangle.
_____ 9. The sun will rise tomorrow morning.
_____ 10. A man gives birth to a baby.
_____ 11. You will go sunbathing tonight.
Independent Assessment 1
CONDITION IMPOSSIBLE
1. If I will answer all activities in this module carefully, then I will have a low grade in
mathematics.
2. If I will only answer half of the activities in this module, then I may fail this subject.
10
3. If I will go out not wearing a mask, then I may acquire COVID-19.
4. If I am not attending online classes, then I might have difficulty in answering other
activities in this module.
5. If I will finish my study, then I will have a better chance to have a good life.
Independent Activity 2
HEAD-PEN-TAILS
Directions: Read and analyze each problem and write your answer on your
answer sheets.
1. There are 3 red pens, 4 blue pens, 2 black pens, and 5 green pens in a drawer.
Suppose you choose a pen at random.
a. What is the probability that the pen chosen is red?
b. What is the probability that the pen chosen is blue?
c. What is the probability that the pen chosen is not green?
Independent Assessment 2
PERSEVERANCE
Directions: Solve the following carefully, then write the correct answer on your
answer sheets.
1. Marian is asked to choose a day from a week. What is the probability of choosing
a day which starts with s?
2. Choosing a month from a year, what is the probability of selecting a month with
31 days?
4. The sides of a cube are numbered 11 to 16. If Danilo rolled the cube once, what
is the probability of rolling a composite number?
11
5. A spinner is divided equally and numbered as follows: 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1,
2, 3, 4, 1, 2. What is the probability that the pointer will stop at an even prime
number?
Independent Activity 3
KING OF CARDS!
Suppose you draw one card at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.
Match the probability in the diamond at the right with its corresponding event on the
left side, and then place the letter of the answer to the space provided below.
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
8 2 9 7 1 4 10 7 6 4 9 3 4 5 7
12
Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Match the probability below with its event to complete the hidden
message.
25 1 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 5
36 2 8 9 4 32 8 6 12 64
2. A sum of 5
4. A sum of 10
5. Not having a 5
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2 6 1 4 7 9 8 2 3 10
13
What I Have Learned
Directions: After accomplishing the activities in the module, do you now realize the
importance of studying Probability? Complete now the 3-2-1 Chart about your
discoveries in solving the probability of a simple event. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
3 1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
The chart is The chart is The chart is not The chart is not
complete with complete with most complete but complete.
ideas/discoveries of the ideas/discoveries
about the lesson ideas/discoveries about the lesson
stated not about the lesson are stated do not
contradicting each aligned to each contradict each
other. other. other.
14
What I Can Do
Directions: On a separate answer sheets make your own spinner and compute for the
probability of each sector you have made. Spinner must have at least 6 sectors,
you may also shade the spinner with your own favorite colors.
The spinner made is The spinner made is The spinner made is The spinner made is
accurate to the given accurate to the given not accurate in some not accurate in most
probability of each probability of each sectors with the of the sectors with
sector. Each sector sector. given probability.. the given probability.
was shaded using Each sector has a
different colors that different shade of
is in harmony with color.
each other.
Assessment
Post test
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer
and write in on your answer sheet.
1. Each of the letters of the word PHILIPPINES is written on a card. The cards are
shuffled and placed upside down on the table. What is the probability that a card
picked at random shows P?
1 2 3 7
a. b. c. d.
11 11 11 11
2. In a 400-ticket draw for an educational prize, Lolita’s name was written on 22 tickets.
What is the probability that he would win.
a. 0.55 b. 0.055 c. 0.05 d. 0.5
3. The local weather forecaster said that there is a 25% chance of rain tomorrow. What
is the probability that it will rain tomorrow?
a. 0.25 b. 0.75 c. 25 d. 75
15
4. All the possible outcomes that can occur when a coin is tossed twice are listed in the
box. What is the probability of having at least one head?
HH TH
TT HT
1 1 3 d. 1
a. b. c.
4 2 4
5. Suppose you toss three fair coins once, how many possible outcomes are there?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8
6. In a restaurant, you have a dinner choice of one main dish, one vegetable, and one
drink. The choices for the main dish are pork, chicken meat and lobster. The
vegetable choices are broccoli and pakbet. The drink choices are soft drink, iced tea
and water. How many choices are possible?
a. 18 b. 15 c. 16 d. 14
8. A glass jar contains 30 red, green, blue and yellow marbles. The probability of
1
drawing a single green marble at random is . What does this mean?
5
a. There are 6 green marbles in the glass jar.
b. There are 9 green marbles in the jar.
c. There are more green marbles than the others.
d. There is only two green marble in the glass jar.
9. In a family of 3 children, what is the probability that the middle child is a boy?
1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d.
8 4 3 2
10. Aquila rolls two dice. The first die shows a 3. The second die rolls under his desk and
he cannot see it. Now, what is the probability that both dice show 3?
1 1 9 1
a. b. c. d.
36 6 36 3
11. A balanced die is rolled. What is the probability of getting an even number?
1 3 5 1
a. b. c. d.
6 6 6 2
16
12. There are four teams in a basketball tournament. Team A has 25% chance of
winning. Team B has the same chance as Team D which has 5% more than Team A.
Team C has half the chance of winning as Team B. Which of the following has the
correct table of probabilities for winning the tournament?
a. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 30% 15% 30%
of winning
b. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 20% 20% 35%
of winning
c. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 15% 45% 15%
of winning
d. Team A B C D
Probability
25% 15% 10% 50%
of winning
13. In a group of 50 people, 8 are teachers, 22 are male students while 20 are female. If
a person chosen at random, what is the probability that the person is a male student?
20 10 11 2
a. b. c. d.
50 25 25 5
14. Suppose you draw one card at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.
What is the probability that you will picked not a red faced card?
1 17 6 23
a. b. c. d.
2 26 13 26
Additional Activities
Five Mondays
Directions: The months of January and May both have 31 days, but the month of
May have five Mondays this year. Find the probability of getting five
Mondays in a 31-days month, and write it on your answer sheet.
17
18
What I Know Independent Activity 2
Pre-Test Head-Pen-Tails.
3 2 9
1. C 9. D 1.a. b. c.
2. A 10. B 14 7 14
3. B 11. A
1 1 3 3
4. C 12. C 2. a. b. c. d.
8 8 8 8
5. D 13. D
6. C 14. B
7. B 15. D Independent Assessment 2
8. A Perseverance
2 2
1. 4.
7 3
7 1
2. 5.
12 4
What’s In
1. 8 outcomes 1
3.
3
Independent Activity 3
2. 36 outcomes King of Cards!
GEROLAMO CARDANO
Independent Assessment 3
Today for Tomorrow.
3. {1,3,5,7,5,9,8,2}
4.a. 40 To know the future one must
4.b. 8 learn to live today.
What I Have Learned and
Independent Activity 1 What I Can Do
I hope you like it!
1. e 7. c Student’s answer may vary
2. a 8. e
3. a 9. e
Assessment
4. c 10. a
Post-Test
5. b 11. a
1. C 6. A 11. D
6. d
2. B 7. C 12. A
3. A 8. A 13. C
4. C 9. D 14. D
Independent Assessment 1
5. D 10. B 15. B
Condition Impossible.
1. Impossible to happen
Additional Activities
2. Likely to happen
3. Likely to happen Five Mondays
3
4. Likely to happen P(5) =
7
5. Certain to happen
Answer Key
References
Oronze, Orlando A., Mendoza, Marilyn O. Exploring Math Textbook 8, First Edition.
856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Book Store Inc. 2018.
pages 425-461
19
For inquiries or feedback, please write:
20