01-PHU MY CABLE STAYED BRIDGE

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 02- KEY STATISTICAL DATA
• ALL-CONCRETE SYMMETRIC CABLE
STAYED BRIDGE 162.5m + 380.0m + D7 D2
162.5m, CURRENTLY UNDER
CONSTRUCTION.
• OPEN PI-SECTION RC DECK OF
VARIABLE DEPTH [2.001M TO 2.350m]
COMPRISING TWO INSITU MAIN EDGE
GIRDERS 20m c/c SUPPORTED BY CABLE
STAYS EVERY 10.0m.
• MAIN EDGE GIRDERS POST-TENSIONED
IN THE MID SPAN REGION OF THE DECK
• PRECAST RC/PT TRANSVERSE T-BEAMS
SPAN BETWEEN MAIN EDGE GIRDERS
AND SUPPORT A 250mm RC DECK SLAB 144 X CABLE STAYS @ 10m PRECAST TRANSV RC BEAM @5m
AT 5.0m CENTRES.
• H-SHAPED RC PYLONS WITH DRAPED PRECAST ANCHOR POD
LEGS SUPPORTING TWO VERTICAL
PLANES OF CABLE STAYS. UPPER AND
LOWER CROSS BEAMS OF THE PYLONS
POST-TENSIONED. PYLON SHAFTS AND
CROSS BEAMS OF HOLLOW BOX SHAPE. INSITU MAIN RC EDGE GIRDER
• 4 X 36 CABLE STAYS ARRANGED IN SEMI
HARP CONFIGURATION ANCHORED
INTO PRECAST ANCHOR PODS.
23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP
 03- PHU MY CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
• OWNER: GOVT OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF
VIETNAM [PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF HCMC]
• TYPE OF CONTRACT: EPC
• INVESTMENT OWNER: PHU MY BRIDGE
CORPORATION
• VALUE: USD 110M

• MAIN CONTRACTOR: BBBH [CONSORTIUM OF

BILFINGER BERGER AND BAULDERSTONE
HORNIBROOK]
• DESIGN CSB: ARCADIS, PARIS, FRANCE
• DESIGN VIADUCTS: CARDNO, AUSTRALIA
• CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER: CARDNO/LEONHARDT
ANDRA UND PARTNER
• INDEPENDENT CHECKER: TONY GEE AND
PARTNERS, UK

• TITLE FEATURE ON CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS IN

THE LATEST Bd&e MAGAZINE
• ALSO FEATURED IN OTHER PUBLICATIONS
• ONLINE WEBCAM ON CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS.
PHOTOS IN THIS PRESENTATION FROM BBBH
WEBSITE.

– WWW.BBBH-VN.COM

23-Sep-14 TGP
 04- TECHNICAL DESIGN INVESTIGATION
• TGP INVOLVEMENT IN
TWO PHASES:
– TECHNICAL DESIGN
INVESTIGATION
CONSULTANCY
– INDEPENDENT CAT-III
CHECK
• INDEPENDENT CHECK OF
THE PERMANENT WORKS
FOR THE CONTRACTOR’S
ERECTION ENGINEERING
PROPOSAL AS WELL AS
IN-SERVICE CONDITIONS.
• THIS PRESENTATION
MOSTLY WRT TECHNICAL
DESIGN INVESTIGATION.
23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP
 05- KEY DESIGN STANDARDS
• PRINCIPAL DESIGN STANDARDS
• VIETNAMESE BRIDGE CODE 22-
TV 272-01
• AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS 3rd EDITION,
2004
• RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STAY
CABLE DESIGN, TESTING AND
INSTALLATION. POST-
TENSIONING INSTITUTE, 4TH
EDITION, 2004

• COMPLEMENTARY STANDARDS
• GUIDE SPECIFICATION AND
COMMENTARY FOR VESSEL
COLLISION DESIGN OF HIGHWAY
BRIDGES, AASHTO, 1991
• CEB-FIP MODEL CODE 1990

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 06- KEY REMIT
• REQUIREMENT TO CARRY OUT DETAILED CHECKS OF
THE PERMANENT WORKS WITH ADVANCED ANALYSES IN
ORDER TO VERIFY CONTRACTOR’S ERECTION
ENGINEERING PROPOSALS.

• ALSO, TO INVESTIGATE VARIOUS DESIGN LOAD EVENTS,

INCLUDING EXTREME LOAD EVENTS TO AASHTO LRFD
FOR THE IN-SERVICE STATE.

• STRUCTURE INVESTIGATED THROUGH THE COURSE OF

ITS LIFE STARTING FROM DAY1 OF CONSTRUCTION TO
MAINSPAN CLOSURE ON TO DAY 50,000 [137Yrs].

• SCOPE FOR VARIOUS DESIGN LOAD EVENTS, INCLUDING

EXTREME LOAD EVENTS, INTERFACED WITH THE
STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANLYSIS.

• A COMPREHENSIVE 3D NONLINEAR FE MODEL SET UP

TO INVESTIGATE EACH STAGE OF CONSTRUCTION WITH
TIME DEPENDENT EFFECTS INCLUDED.

• EACH LOAD EVENT INVESTIGATED WITH A SPECIFIC

TIME DEFINITION AND INTERFACED WITH THE SCA.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 07- KEY ANALYSES
• SHIP IMPACT
• CABLE STAY
FRACTURE
• DYNAMIC SEISMIC
RESPONSE
SPECTRUM
• WIND
• CABLE STAY
FATIGUE
• CABLE STAY
REPLACEMENT
• STAGED 3D FE MODEL
CONSTRUCTION

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 08- SHIP IMPACT
• VESSEL FREQUENCIES AND SPEEDS
DERIVED FROM DATA BY THE HCMC
PORTS AUTHORITY
• MAIN PYLON DESIGNED TO RESIST A
30MN IMPACT PERPENDICULAR TO
THE BRIDGE [15MN PARALLEL]
• THE IMPACTS ARE CONSIDERED AS
EXTREME EVENT SCENARIOS
• ANALYSIS UNDERTAKEN AS A PSEUDO
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE PROVISIONS OF AASHTO.
• CONSIDERATION GIVEN TO
TRANSIENT DYNAMIC ANALYSIS BUT
NOT PROGRESSED DUE TO LACK OF
SPECIFIC DATA ON DURATION AND
COLLAPSE MECHANISM OF THE
VESSEL’S HULL.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 09- CABLE STAY FRACTURE
• PTI GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR STAY
CABLE DESIGN, TESTING AND INSTALLATION
REQUIRE ALL CABLE STAYED BRIDGES TO
BE DESIGNED FOR A REDUNDANCY OF ANY
ONE CABLE.
• THE SCENARIO IS REPRESENTED BY A
DYNAMIC FORCE RESULTING FROM THE
‘SUDDEN FRACTURE’ OF THE GIVEN CABLE.
• SPECIFIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE
BRIDGE REQUIRED THE SCENARIO TO BE
INVESTIGATED ON THE BASIS OF A ‘STRAND-
BY-STRAND’ FRACTURE CAUSED BY
CORROSION OF INDIVIDUALLY PROTECTED
STRANDS.
• VERY LITTLE GUIDANCE PROVIDED BY PTI
ON HOW TO ACTUALLY CONDUCT THE
ANALYSIS.
• A DYNAMIC NONLINEAR PUSHOVER
FRACTURE ANALYSIS CONDUCTED BASED
UPON THE DYNAMIC FORCE DERIVED FROM
THE PTI DOCUMENT.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 10- DYNAMIC SEISMIC RSA
• DYNAMIC RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS CONDUCTED
TO INVESTIGATE SEISMIC EFFECTS .
• AASHTO LRFD SPECIFICATIONS FOCUS ON ‘POSTAL ZIP
CODE SPECIFIC’ SITE EFFECTS FOR STRUCTURES IN USA.
FOR NHA BE DISTRICT THE SITE-SPECIFIC SEISMIC DATA
WAS PREPARED BY THE LABORATORY OF SEISMIC
RESEARCH, INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, VIETNAM AND
PRESENTED IN A DETAILED REPORT.
THE SEISMIC ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRUM WAS
DERIVED ON THE BASIS OF THE KEY PARAMETERS
PRESENTED IN THE REPORT.
• STUDY OF THE FIRST 100 EIGENVALUES AND EIGENMODES
[RESULTS ALSO USED FOR WIND ANALYSIS]
• THE MULTIMODAL SEISMIC ANALYSIS APPROACH ADOPTED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH AASHTO LRFD AND THE VIETNAM
CODE.
• EFFECT OF PLASTIC HINGE FORMATION ALSO
INVESTIGATED.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 11- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

D7
• KEY OBJECTIVE OF SCA TO CLOSELY MODEL THE EVOLVING GEOMETRY, FORCE DISTRIBUTION AND STIFFENES
OF THE STRUCTURE WITH REFERENCE TO THE APPLIED LOADING AND TIME.
• CONTEXT OF ANALYSIS SET UP TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE OBJECTIVE WRT CONTRACTOR’S OVERALL
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME [ALSO THE PRECASTING PROG] DAY 1 TO DAY 50,000 [137 YEARS]

• CONTRACTOR’S OVERALL CONSTRUCTION & PRECASTING PROGRAMME.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 12- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
SCA ICARRIED OUT FROM THE CONSTRUCTION
OF THE FOUNDATIONS UP TO THE CLOSURE OF
THE MID SPAN.

IN THE POST-CLOSURE PERIOD, FURTHER

STAGES ARE STUDIED FOR TIME DEPENDENT
EFFECTS UP TO DAY 50,000.

• CABLE STAYED BRIDGES, INCLUDING PHU MY, INVOLVE HIGHLY SLENDER STUCTURAL ELEMENTS UNDERGOING
COMPLEX GEOMETRIC TRANSITIONS THROUGH TEMPOARY AND PERMANENT MEANS TO ACHIEVE THE FINAL
GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATION AND FORCE DISTRIBUTION.
• IMPORTANT TO APPROPRIATELY UNDERSTAND AND REPRESENT THE FOLLOWING WRT TIME:
– BOUNDARY CONSTRAINTS: DETAILED SEQUENCE OF INSTALLATION [CONSTRUCTION] AND DE-INSTALLATION
[DECONSTRUCTION] OF THE TEMPORARY WORKS, BEARINGS, WIND BUFFETTING CABLES etc AT VARIOUS STAGES
– EXTERNAL FORCES: SEQUENCE OF APPLICATION AND RELEASE OF JACKING/PULLING FORCES AT VARIOUS
STAGES APPLIED TO THE MAIN PYLONS AND THE DECK.
– INTERNAL MATERIAL MODELS: TIME DEPENDENT CREEP, SHRINKAGE AND RELAXATION FORCES IN THE
STRUCTURE.
– EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 13- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
• EACH KEY CONSTRUCTION
ACTIVITY DEFINED AS AN EVENT
OR ‘STAGE’ IN THE ANALYSIS eg
CONSTRUCTION OF SEGMENT ‘n’
IN THE MAIN SPAN.
• EACH STAGE THEN SUBDIVIDED
INTO APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF
SUB-EVENTS eg:
– MOVEMENT OF FORM TRAVELLER
– CASTING OF MAIN EDGE GIRDER
SEGMENTS [INSITU]
– INSTALLATION OF CROSS GIRDERS
[PRECAST] AND POST-TENSIONING
– CASTING OF INSITU DECK SLAB
– STRESSING OF STAY CABLES
– TRANSFER OF STAY FORCE FROM
FORM TRAVELLER TO CONCRETE.

• FORCE, STIFFENESS AND

MATERIAL CONSTRAINTS FOR
EACH STAGE DEFINED.
23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP
 14- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS CONTINUE D7 PYLON CONSTN
CONSTRUCT D7 TIE DOWN PIER PILES CONSTRUCT D7 TIE DOWN PIER PILECAP
CONSTRUCT D7 PYLON PILES CONSTRUCT D7 TABLE SEGMENTS ON SUSP PLTFM
CONSTRUCT D7 PYLON PILE CAP START TO INSTALL CABLE STAYS
COMMENCE D7 PYLON CONSTRUCTION ADJUSTMENTS TO TEMPY BEARINGS
1
TEMPY BRACING CABLES

1 2

CONSTRUCT DECK SEGMENTS

ERECT FORM TRAVELLERS FOR DECK SEGMENTS OUT OF BALANCE IN MAIN SPAN SIDE
CONSTRUCT D7 TIE DOWN PIER & TABLE SEGMENTS FURTHER CABLE STAYS
WIND BUFFETTING CABLES

3 4

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 15- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
CONTINUE DECK SEGMENT CONST D7 APPROACH SPAN NEAR CLOSURE
CONTINUE STAY INSTALLATION REMOVE D7 APP SPAN FORM TRAVELLER
INSTALL TIE DOWN PIER ON D7 POUR APP SPAN CLOSURE SEGMENT USING DECK SUPPT F’WRK

5 6

CONSTRUCT LAST MAIN SPAN SEGMENT/ INSTALL STAY REPEAT SEQUENCE ON D2 SIDE
REMOVE FORM TRAVELLER REMOVE LONGIT FIXITY IN TEMPY BRGS
ERECT FORM TRAVELLERS FOR DECK
REMOVE TEMPORARY SEGMENTS
CABLES JACK APRT MAIN SPAN
LOWER DECK ON PERM BRGS
CONSTRUCT D7 TIE DOWN PIER & TABLE SEGMENTS INSTALL SPECIAL DEVICES
POUR CLOSURE SEGM
INSTALL M’SPAN PT
7

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 16- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
• KEY COMPONENT OF SCA TO
ESTIMATE THE CORRECT
POST-TENSIONING FORCE TO
INTRODUCE IN EACH STAY
CABLE TO ACHIEVE THE
FINAL GEOMTRY & STRESS
DISTRIBUTION.
• STAY POST-TENSIONING
FORCES NOT PROVIDED BY
THE DESIGNER, ONLY AN
UPPERBOUND/LOWERBOUND
RANGE INDICATED.
• FORCES ESTIMATED
THROUGH INDEPENDENT
ANALYSIS.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 17- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
• FORWARD ANALYSIS [TIME DEPENDENT
EFFECTS INCLUDED] vs BACKWARD ANALYSIS
[TIME DEPENDENT EFFECTS NOT
PRACTICABLE].
• BACKWARD ANALYSIS NOT CONSIDERED
APPROPRIATE IN VIEW OF CONCRETE
STRUCTURE, PARTICULARLY LARGE TIME LAG
BETWEEN HALF-SPAN COMPLETIONS.

• KEY CONSIDERATIONS:
• CORRECT ESTIMATION CRITICAL TO
ACHIEVING THE CORRECT GEOMETRY AND
FORCE DISTRIBUTION.
• POST-TENSIONING RESIDUE SENSITIVE TO
GEOMETRY AT THAT STAGE.
• DUE TO MONOSTRAND STRESSING, ALL
STRANDS IN A STAY MAY NOT BE STRESSED
IN ONE GO.
• EACH STAY MAY REQUIRE RE-VISITING
SEVERAL TIMES.

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP

 18- STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
• LONG SPAN BRIDGES SENSITIVE TO METHOD
OF CONSTRUCTION.

• STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

PROVIDES A USEFUL TOOL TO COORDINATE
DESIGN WITH CONSTRUCTION.

• HIGHLY COMPLEX MATERIAL AND

GEOMETRIC MODELS FEASIBLE WITHIN THE
CONTEXT OF OVERALL ANALYSES.

• FEASIBLE TO INVESTIGATE SEVERAL

DIFFERENT SCENARIOS TO OPTIMISE THE
ERECTION PROCESS BUT ALSO TO
CONTRIBUTE TO THE LONG TERM
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE.

• THANK YOU

23-Sep-14 TONY GEE AND PARTNERS LLP