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    8051 Programming For UART: Serial - Init

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    Harshit Hegde
    The document discusses interfacing a 4x4 matrix keypad with an 8051 microcontroller. It explains that the keypad has 4 rows and 4 columns with a key at each intersection. The rows are connected to output ports on the microcontroller and columns to input ports. Scanning involves making each row low and reading the columns to detect which key is pressed, if the corresponding column reads low. The code provided initializes the ports, scans the keypad by making each row low and checking the columns, and returns the pressed key number.

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    8051 Programming For UART: Serial - Init

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Hegde
    108 views5 pages
    The document discusses interfacing a 4x4 matrix keypad with an 8051 microcontroller. It explains that the keypad has 4 rows and 4 columns with a key at each intersection. The rows are connected to output ports on the microcontroller and columns to input ports. Scanning involves making each row low and reading the columns to detect which key is pressed, if the corresponding column reads low. The code provided initializes the ports, scans the keypad by making each row low and checking the columns, and returns the pressed key number.

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    8051_Programmig

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    The document discusses interfacing a 4x4 matrix keypad with an 8051 microcontroller. It explains that the keypad has 4 rows and 4 columns with a key at each intersection. The rows are connected to output ports on the microcontroller and columns to input ports. Scanning involves making each row low and reading the columns to detect which key is pressed, if the corresponding column reads low. The code provided initializes the ports, scans the keypad by making each row low and checking the columns, and returns the pressed key number.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    108 views5 pages

    8051 Programming For UART: Serial - Init

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Hegde
    The document discusses interfacing a 4x4 matrix keypad with an 8051 microcontroller. It explains that the keypad has 4 rows and 4 columns with a key at each intersection. The rows are connected to output ports on the microcontroller and columns to input ports. Scanning involves making each row low and reading the columns to detect which key is pressed, if the corresponding column reads low. The code provided initializes the ports, scans the keypad by making each row low and checking the columns, and returns the pressed key number.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 5

    8051 Programming for UART

    In 8051, we make use of Timer 1 to generate the required baud rate. Following are the registers that are need to be
    configured to commnunicate over UART.

     TMOD
     SCON
     TH1
     TL1
     TCON

    TMOD: This register is used to set the mode of Timer0 and Timer1. It is also used to select whether the timers are used as
    Timer or Counter.

    SCON: Serial Control register has various functions like.. it has flags for Framing error, Transmit interrup and receive
    interrupt. Its used to select the serial port mode, to enable or disable the reception etc.

    TCON: This register has varios flag and control bits e.g. Timer overflow flags, interrupt edge flags, timer control bits to
    start/stop the timer.

    TH1 & TL1: Timer registers for Timer 1 determines the baudrate of UART.
    More information on the above registers can be found in the 8051 Hardware manual.
    ►Initializing USART in 8051

    CODE:
    Serial_Init:
            ;Set timer 1 mode to 8-bit Auto-Reload
            mov TMOD,#20H
            ;Enable reception
            ;Set Serial port mode to 8-bit UART
            mov SCON,#50H
            ;Set baudrate to 9600 at 11.0592MHz
            mov TH1,#0FDH
            mov TL1,#0FDH
            ;Start Timer
            setb TR1
            ret
     

    in C we can do this as..

    CODE:
    #include <reg51.h>.
    void serial_init(){
            TMOD = 0x20;
            SCON = 0x50;
            TH1  = 0xFD;
            TL1  = 0xFD;
            TR1  = 1;
    }
     

    To Send data to the serial port we just have to move the data in SBUF (serial buffer register) and wait for the Transmit
    Interrupt flag to be set. While receiving we wait for the Receive interrupt flag to be set and read the data from SBUF
    register. This can be done as shown below...

    CODE:
    Serial_Send:
            ;wait for last data to be
            ;sent completely
            jnb TI,Serial_Send
            ;clear the transmit interrupt flag
            clr TI
            ;Then move the data to send in SBUF
            mov SBUF,A
            ret
           
    Serial_Read:
            ;Wait for Receive interrupt flag
            jnb RI,Serial_Read
            ;If falg is set then clear it
            clr RI
            ;Then read data from SBUF
            mov A,SBUF
            ret
     

    in C we can do this as..

    CODE:
    void serial_send(unsigned char dat){
            while(!TI);
            TI = 0;
            SBUF = dat;
    }
    unsigned char serial_read(){
            while(!RI);
            RI = 0;
            return SBUF;
    }
     
    Martix Keypad Interfacing with Microcontrollers: Introduction

    ►Introduction
    Keypads are a part of HMI or Human Machine Interface and play really important role in a small embedded system where
    human interaction or human input is needed. Martix keypads are well known for their simple architecture and ease of
    interfacing with any microcontroller. In this part of tutorial we will learn how to interface a 4x4 matrix keypad with AVR and
    8051 microcontroller. Also we will see how to program then in Assembly and C.

    ►Constructing a Matrix Keypad


    Constuction of a keypad is really simple. As per the outline shown in the figure below we have four rows and four columns.
    In between each overlapping row and column line there is a key.
    So keeping this outline we can constuct a keypad using simple SPST Switches as shown below:

    Now our keypad is ready, all we have to do is connect the rows and columns to a port of microcontroller and program the
    controller to read the input.

    ►Scanning a Matrix Keypad


    There are many methods depending on how you connect your keypad with your controller, but the basic logic is same. We
    make the coloums as i/p and we drive the rows making them o/p, this whole procedure of reading the keyboard is called
    scanning.

    In order to detect which key is pressed from the matrix, we make row lines low one by one and read the coloums. Lets say
    we first make Row1 low, then read the columns. If any of the key in row1 is pressed will make the corrosponding column as
    low i.e if second key is pressed in Row1, then column2 will give low. So we come to know that key 2 of Row1 is pressed.
    This is how scanning is done.

    So to scan the keypad completely, we need to make rows low one by one and read the columns. If any of the button is
    pressed in a row, it will take the corrosponding column to a low state which tells us that a key is pressed in that row. If
    button 1 of a row is pressed then Column 1 will become low, if button 2 then column2 and so on...
    Now lets move on to the programming part of keypad in our next section.
    Keypad Connections with 8051 Microcontroller

    Please click on the image to enlarge it

    Circuit shown above is for demonstration and does not include any reset and crystal circuit. For practical use you need to
    have a reset circuit and crystal.

    C Program for Keypad

    CODE:
    #include <AT89X51.H>    //Include file for 8051
    #define keyport P2      //keypad connected to P2
    #define col1 P2_0       //column 1
    #define col2 P2_1       //column 2
    #define col3 P2_2       //column 3
    #define col4 P2_3       //column 4
    #define TRUE 1          //some defines
    #define FALSE 0

    /*
    +---------------------------------------+
    | Prototype: void key_init(void);       |
    | Return Type: void                     |
    | Arguments: None                       |
    | Description: Initialize ports and     |
    |              Keypad.                  |
    +---------------------------------------+
    */
    void key_init(){
            keyport &=0x0F; //make Rows as o/p and cols are i/p
    }

    /*
    +-----------------------------------------------+
    | Prototype: unsigned char get_key(void);       |
    | Return Type: unsigned char                    |
    | Arguments: None                               |
    | Description: To read key from the keypad      |
    +-----------------------------------------------+
    */
    unsigned char get_key(){
            unsigned char i,k,key=0;
            k=1;
            for(i=0;i<4;i++){               //loop for 4 rows
                    keyport &=~(0x80>>i);   //to make rows low 1 by 1
                            if(!col1){      //check if key1 is pressed
                                    key = k+0;      //set key number
                                    while(!col1);   //wait for release
                                    return key;     //return key number
                            }
                            if(!col2){      //check if key2 is pressed
                                    key = k+1;      //set key number
                                    while(!col2);   //wait for release
                                    return key;     //return key number
                            }
                            if(!col3){      //check if key3 is pressed
                                    key = k+2;      //set key number
                                    while(!col3);   //wait for release
                                    return key;     //return key number
                            }
                            if(!col4){      //check if key4 is pressed
                                    key = k+3;      //set key number
                                    while(!col4);   //wait for release
                                    return key;     //return key number
                            }
                    k+=4;                   //next row key number
                    keyport |= 0x80>>i;     //make the row high again
            }
            return FALSE;                   //return false if no key pressed
    }
     

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