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    Indian History pt.8

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    A Parel Dr
    1. The document discusses the kingdoms and political developments in India during the 18th century, including the expansion of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and their wars against the Marathas and British. 2. It also describes the founding and history of the states of Hyderabad and Bengal, as well as the decline of Maratha influence in Rajputana in the late 18th century. 3. European colonial powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British established trading posts and political influence in India starting in the 15th century, with the British eventually gaining control over most of India.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Indian History pt.8

    Uploaded by

    A Parel Dr
    51 views3 pages
    1. The document discusses the kingdoms and political developments in India during the 18th century, including the expansion of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and their wars against the Marathas and British. 2. It also describes the founding and history of the states of Hyderabad and Bengal, as well as the decline of Maratha influence in Rajputana in the late 18th century. 3. European colonial powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British established trading posts and political influence in India starting in the 15th century, with the British eventually gaining control over most of India.

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    Indian history pt.8

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    1. The document discusses the kingdoms and political developments in India during the 18th century, including the expansion of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and their wars against the Marathas and British. 2. It also describes the founding and history of the states of Hyderabad and Bengal, as well as the decline of Maratha influence in Rajputana in the late 18th century. 3. European colonial powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British established trading posts and political influence in India starting in the 15th century, with the British eventually gaining control over most of India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views3 pages

    Indian History pt.8

    Uploaded by

    A Parel Dr
    1. The document discusses the kingdoms and political developments in India during the 18th century, including the expansion of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and their wars against the Marathas and British. 2. It also describes the founding and history of the states of Hyderabad and Bengal, as well as the decline of Maratha influence in Rajputana in the late 18th century. 3. European colonial powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British established trading posts and political influence in India starting in the 15th century, with the British eventually gaining control over most of India.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Other kingdoms

    The Kingdom of Mysore in southern India expanded to its greatest extent


    under Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century.
    Under their rule, Mysore fought series of wars against the Marathas and British
    or their combined forces. The Maratha–Mysore War ended in April 1787,
    following the finalizing of treaty of Gajendragad, in which, Tipu Sultan was
    obligated to pay tribute to the Marathas. Concurrently, the Anglo-Mysore
    Wars took place, where the Mysoreans used the Mysorean rockets. The Fourth
    Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) saw the death of Tipu. Mysore's alliance with
    the French was seen as a threat to the British East India Company, and Mysore
    was attacked from all four sides. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas
    launched an invasion from the north. The British won a decisive victory at
    the Siege of Seringapatam (1799).
    Hyderabad was founded by the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda in 1591.
    Following a brief Mughal rule, Asif Jah, a Mughal official, seized control of
    Hyderabad and declared himself Nizam-al-Mulk of Hyderabad in 1724. The
    Nizams lost considerable territory and paid tribute to the Maratha Empire after
    being routed in multiple battles, such as the Battle of Palkhed.[349] However, the
    Nizams maintained their sovereignty from 1724 until 1948 through paying
    tributes to the Marathas, and later, being vassels of the British. Hyderabad
    State became a princely state in British India in 1798.
    The Nawabs of Bengal had become the de facto rulers of Bengal following the
    decline of Mughal Empire. However, their rule was interrupted by Marathas
    who carried out six expeditions in Bengal from 1741 to 1748, as a result of
    which Bengal became a tributary state of Marathas. On 23 June 1757, Siraj ud-
    Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal was betrayed in the Battle of
    Plassey by Mir Jafar. He lost to the British, who took over the charge of Bengal
    in 1757, installed Mir Jafar on the Masnad (throne) and established itself to a
    political power in Bengal.[350] In 1765 the system of Dual Government was
    established, in which the Nawabs ruled on behalf of the British and were mere
    puppets to the British. In 1772 the system was abolished and Bengal was
    brought under the direct control of the British. In 1793, when
    the Nizamat (governorship) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they
    remained as the mere pensioners of the British East India Company.[351][352]
    In the 18th century, the whole of Rajputana was virtually subdued by the
    Marathas. The Second Anglo-Maratha War distracted the Marathas from 1807
    to 1809, but afterward Maratha domination of Rajputana resumed. In 1817, the
    British went to war with the Pindaris, raiders who were based in Maratha
    territory, which quickly became the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and the British
    government offered its protection to the Rajput rulers from the Pindaris and the
    Marathas. By the end of 1818 similar treaties had been executed between the
    other Rajput states and Britain. The Maratha Sindhia ruler of Gwalior gave up
    the district of Ajmer-Merwara to the British, and Maratha influence in
    Rajasthan came to an end.[353] Most of the Rajput princes remained loyal to
    Britain in the Revolt of 1857, and few political changes were made in Rajputana
    until Indian independence in 1947. The Rajputana Agency contained more than
    20 princely states, most notable being Udaipur State, Jaipur State, Bikaner
    State and Jodhpur State.
    After the fall of the Maratha Empire, many Maratha dynasties and
    states became vassals in a subsidiary alliance with the British, to form the
    largest bloc of princely states in the British Raj, in terms of territory and
    population.[citation needed] With the decline of the Sikh Empire, after the First Anglo-
    Sikh War in 1846, under the terms of the Treaty of Amritsar, the British
    government sold Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh and the princely state of
    Jammu and Kashmir, the second-largest princely state in British India, was
    created by the Dogra dynasty.[354][355] While in Eastern and Northeastern India,
    the Hindu and Buddhist states of Cooch Behar Kingdom, Twipra
    Kingdom and Kingdom of Sikkim were annexed by the British and made vassal
    princely state.
    After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Polygar states emerged in Southern
    India; and managed to weather invasions and flourished until the Polygar Wars,
    where they were defeated by the British East India Company forces.[356] Around
    the 18th century, the Kingdom of Nepal was formed by Rajput rulers.[357]
    European exploration
    Main article: Colonial India

    The route followed in Vasco da Gama's first voyage (1497–1499).


    In 1498, a Portuguese fleet under Vasco da Gama successfully discovered a new
    sea route from Europe to India, which paved the way for direct Indo-European
    commerce. The Portuguese soon set up trading posts
    in Goa, Daman, Diu and Bombay. After their conquest in Goa, the Portuguese
    instituted the Goa Inquisition, where new Indian converts and non-Christians
    were punished for suspected heresy against Christianity and were condemned to
    be burnt.[358] Goa became the main Portuguese base until it was annexed by
    India in 1961.[359]
    The next to arrive were the Dutch, with their main base in Ceylon. They
    established ports in Malabar. However, their expansion into India was halted
    after their defeat in the Battle of Colachel by the Kingdom of Travancore during
    the Travancore-Dutch War. The Dutch never recovered from the defeat and no
    longer posed a large colonial threat to India.[360][361]
    The internal conflicts among Indian kingdoms gave opportunities to the
    European traders to gradually establish political influence and appropriate lands.
    Following the Dutch, the British—who set up in the west coast port of Surat in
    1619—and the French both established trading outposts in India. Although
    these continental European powers controlled various coastal regions of
    southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all
    their territories in India to the British, with the exception of the French outposts
    of Pondichéry and Chandernagore,[362][363] and the Portuguese colonies
    of Goa, Daman and Diu.

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