Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 31 views

    Lecture On:energy Storage Systems: Ontrol and Ntegration of Renewable Energy Resources

    Uploaded by

    SONU KUMAR
    Electricity demand fluctuates hourly, daily, and seasonally, requiring energy storage systems (ESS) to meet demand and provide steady supply. ESS technologies include batteries like lead-acid, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and flow batteries. Batteries store energy through redox reactions at electrodes, with an electrolyte allowing ion flow between electrodes separated by a membrane. Modeling considers electrical circuits, thermal and multi-physics effects. Battery management systems control charging/discharging based on demand and integrate ESS with the grid over a DC link.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture On:energy Storage Systems: Ontrol and Ntegration of Renewable Energy Resources

    Uploaded by

    SONU KUMAR
    31 views21 pages
    Electricity demand fluctuates hourly, daily, and seasonally, requiring energy storage systems (ESS) to meet demand and provide steady supply. ESS technologies include batteries like lead-acid, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and flow batteries. Batteries store energy through redox reactions at electrodes, with an electrolyte allowing ion flow between electrodes separated by a membrane. Modeling considers electrical circuits, thermal and multi-physics effects. Battery management systems control charging/discharging based on demand and integrate ESS with the grid over a DC link.

    Original Title

    Lecture-10

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Electricity demand fluctuates hourly, daily, and seasonally, requiring energy storage systems (ESS) to meet demand and provide steady supply. ESS technologies include batteries like lead-acid, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and flow batteries. Batteries store energy through redox reactions at electrodes, with an electrolyte allowing ion flow between electrodes separated by a membrane. Modeling considers electrical circuits, thermal and multi-physics effects. Battery management systems control charging/discharging based on demand and integrate ESS with the grid over a DC link.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views21 pages

    Lecture On:energy Storage Systems: Ontrol and Ntegration of Renewable Energy Resources

    Uploaded by

    SONU KUMAR
    Electricity demand fluctuates hourly, daily, and seasonally, requiring energy storage systems (ESS) to meet demand and provide steady supply. ESS technologies include batteries like lead-acid, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and flow batteries. Batteries store energy through redox reactions at electrodes, with an electrolyte allowing ion flow between electrodes separated by a membrane. Modeling considers electrical circuits, thermal and multi-physics effects. Battery management systems control charging/discharging based on demand and integrate ESS with the grid over a DC link.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    CONTROL AND INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE

    ENERGY RESOURCES
    Lecture on:Energy Storage Systems

    Dr Anil K Naik
    Assistant Professor
    Department of Electrical Engineering
    National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India

    1
    STTP on Smart Grid Technology
    Why ESS

    “Demand on electricity in an utility system varies hourly, daily and


    season to season ”.

    Typical all India load curve Source: (NLDC, 2017)

    Meet the fluctuations in the electricity demand and achieve the steady supply economically

    2
    Why ESS…….Contd

    3
    The catalog of storage technologies

    4
    Application category specifications

    5
    Technologies application

    6
    Batteries
    A battery energy storage system (BESS) converts electrical energy into
    potential chemical energy while charging, and releases electrical energy
    from chemical energy while discharging.
    In general terms, it is based on reduction and oxidation reactions.

    7
    Contd………

    • The electrodes. While discharged, oxidation reactions occur in the anode of


    the battery (the negative electrode). Conversely, reduction reactions occur in
    the cathode of the battery (the positive electrode).
    • Two pairs of electrochemically active substances. There is one in the
    anolyte region while the other is in the catholyte region.
    • The electrolyte. causing the two pairs of electrochemically active substances
    to gain or lose electrons, the redox reactions yield ions (and hence particles
    with a non neutral electric charge). To ensure the equilibrium of charge.
    • The separator. There is an electrical potential between the electrochemically
    active substances in the anolyte and catholyte regions.
    • The container. Batteries are composed of several cells, either in series or in
    parallel to achieve the desired electrical characteristics. In the container,
    they are all packed into a controlled and isolated environment

    8
    Lead–Acid Batteries

    • Research involving lead–acid batteries has been conducted for over 140
    yr.
    • There are two major types of lead–acid battery: flooded batteries,
    which is the most common topology, and valve-regulated batteries,
    which are the subject of extensive R&D.
    • Commonly, lead–acid battery cells are built up of several lead plates
    arranged in parallel.

    Lead-acid Cell:
     Positive electrode
    𝑃𝑏𝑂2 + 𝑆𝑂42− + 4𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − 2𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4
    + 2𝐻2 𝑂
     Negative electrode
    𝑃𝑏 + 𝑆𝑂42− 𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 + 𝑒 −
     𝐸 0 = 1.685𝑉 − −0.356 = 2.041 𝑉

    9
    Nickel–Cadmium Batteries

    • Nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries are used in both portable and general


    stationary industrial applications.
    • It is worth noting that Ni–Cd batteries compete with NiMH in the field of alkaline
    batteries.
    • Ni–Cd batteries are primarily produced using nickel and cadmium hydroxide.
    • These materials are then polarized into nickel oxy hydroxide NiO(OH) cathodic
    plates, and anodic plates of porous cadmium.

    NiMH Cell:
     Positive electrode
    𝑁𝑖(𝑂𝐻)2 + 𝑂𝐻 − 𝑁𝑖𝑂𝑂𝐻 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑒 −
     Negative electrode
    𝑀 + 𝐻 + + 𝑒 − 𝑀𝐻
     𝐸 0 = 0.5𝑉 − −0.8 = 1.3 𝑉

    10
    Sodium–Sulfur Batteries

    • Sodium–sulfur (NaS) batteries are one of the most promising


    technologies for stationary high-power applications.
    • The low atomic weight of sodium and the high thermodynamic voltage
    configure sodium-based battery cells with a high specific power.
    • The material of the electrolyte is ceramic beta-alumina, and the
    material for the positive electrode is liquid sulfur.

    11
    Lithium-Based Batteries

    • Lithium-ion batteries are currently attracting much attention and are


    viewed as promising solutions in the field of buildings, electro
    mobility, and renewable generation.
    • The active material in the cathode (positive electrode) of Li-ion cells
    is usually lithium metal oxide, in the form of lithium cobalate
    (LiCoO2).
    • The global oxidation and reduction reactions in the cell can be
    summarized as follows

    12
    The Zinc–Bromine Battery

    • The electrodes of ZBB cells are based on a carbon– plastic composite. \


    • The separator between the anodic and cathodic regions is made up of
    polyolefin sheets. The electrolyte is aqueous, containing dissolved zinc
    bromide salts.
    • Zn is the active chemical species at the anode (the negative electrode), while
    Br is located at the cathode (the positive electrode).
    • The global oxidation and reduction reactions in the cell can be summarized as
    follows

    13
    Comparison between various batteries

    14
    Batteries comparison

    Source: Internet 15
    STTP on Smart Grid Technology
    Battery modelling

    Battery Model
    Electrical circuit Multi physics
    Thermal model
    model model

    Three-
    Lumped thermal One-dimensional Two-dimensional Multi-order Thermal and Thermo‐electric Thermo‐electric
    dimensional 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑡 model Thevenin model ESC model
    model model model Thevenin model electrical and aging and mechanical
    model

    Source: Ming Shen, Qing Gao, A review on battery management system from the modeling efforts to its multi application
    and integration; Int J Energy Res. 2019;2–33. DOI: 10.1002/er.4433
    16
    Thermal modelling

    Source: Ming Shen, Qing Gao, A review on battery management system from the modeling efforts to its multi application
    and integration; Int J Energy Res. 2019;2–33. DOI: 10.1002/er.4433

    17
    Electrical modelling

    Source: Ming Shen, Qing Gao, A review on battery management system from the modeling efforts to its multi application
    and integration; Int J Energy Res. 2019;2–33. DOI: 10.1002/er.4433

    18
    Schematic illustrating the components of the system

    19
    DC-link and battery charging/discharging control

    20
    21

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy