Executive Summary: Municipality of Ramon Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment

Municipality of Ramon
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
Executive Summary
Our world experiences tremendous changes in our climate nowadays. The elevation in temperature, variability of precipitation, frequency and intensity of
earthquakes, typhoons, water level rise, and the risks of more droughts, floods, heat waves, forest and grassland fires, soil erosions, and volcanic eruptions proves
the scientific study of some experts to be accurate. Lying in the equator, the Philippines, which has a tolerable climate, is susceptible by the effects and impacts of
the climate change. Thus, various government agencies and institutions join together to tailored training workshops for the formulation of Local Climate Change
Action Plan of every cities and municipalities within the country. The end purpose of this plan is to ensure the Philippines to be climate change resilient and to be
ready for the future climate change consequences.
In response to this global crisis, the Philippine government enacted the Climate Change Act otherwise known as Republic Act 9729 as amended by
People’s Survival Fund Act or R.A. No. 10174 of 2012. Section 14 of R.A. No. 9729 provides that LGUs shall be the frontline agencies in the formulation, planning
and implementation of climate change action plans in their respective areas, consistent with the provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework, and the
National Climate Change Action Plan.
The Local Government Unit of Ramon Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) provides a rigorous and scientific based study on the previous results of
various hazards. Various data and reports from different agencies and departments were consolidated by the staff of the Municipal Planning and Development
Office to come-up with this manuscript which will serve as a framework and basis to this Local Government Unit in the funding of various programs and projects
and the enactment of various ordinances in building a climate proof community for a safer and more endurable place to live in.
 Social Development Sector, the municipality has a total of 5,441 families living below the Poverty threshold or 53.25% of the total family population. This
family has the fewer options in preparations and response to disaster related incidents and less resilient due to financial constraints. Disadvantaged
families, women, children, PWDs and elderly are also among the most vulnerable during occurrence of hazards. Programs and projects for these
vulnerable sectors is currently addressed through the Sustainable livelihood programs (through counter parting from DSWD office), Financial Assistance,
Aid to Individuals Crisis in Situation and Gender and Development Programs.
 Economic Development Sector, the total land area of Ramon is 13,517.10 hectares, 72.18% equivalent to 9,756.61 hectares is devoted to agriculture. A
total of 1,531 families relies/dependent in farming as their primary source of livelihood. The occurrence of strong winds brought by typhoon, flooding and
drought would intimately results to low income and food shortage to farmers, thus, the introduction and early maturing crops and submergence varieties
that could stand up to three (3) days should be adopted. Furthermore, the procurement and distribution of open source pump during El Nino phenomenon,
insurance to crops and counter parting to farmers that experienced severe damage to crops must be done for the farmers to cope up with the effects of
Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 1

climate change. During the El Nino, about 7,956.64 hectares of corn and rice are expected to be severely damaged. About 184 hectares is expected of
losses from farmers due to the phenomenon. Also, about 2,900 farmers dependent to rice and corn is at risk due to the occurrence of long dry spell.
 Environment and Management Sector, the past activities/development of the human race resulted to what they call it Climate Change. The continuous
denudation of the forest area, pollution on water, producing of Chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide/monoxide due to human activities (e.g. burning,
improper waste disposal) greatly contributes to the damage of ozone layer at extremely fast rate which shield us from the harmful ultra violet rays of the
sun. The Local Government Unit must coordinate various/partner agencies in the conduct of the following programs;
 Conduct of check point in the implementation total log ban (Task Force Kalikasan);
 Strict implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management (waste segregation);
 Construction of sanitary landfill;
 Strict implementation of R.A. No. 9003 “Ecological Management Act of 2000” and more intensified tree planting activity in the identified areas.
 Urban greening
 Infrastructure Sector, the continuous rise of the poverty incidence poses threat especially those families living below the poverty threshold. According to
CBMS survey, in walling there are 1,647 housing units made up of light and 7,217 semi-permanent materials and there are 1,008 housing units made up of
light and 641 semi-permanent in roofing in the municipality. These housing units are the most vulnerable during strong winds caused by typhoon. The
Local Government Unit should implement the No Building Permit No Construction Policy through the office of the Municipal Engineering Office. In addition,
construction of disaster resilient facilities (Evacuation Centers) must be done in areas usually affected by disasters.
 Land Use Sector, the continuous development of the municipality poses threat to the municipality of Ramon. The expansion on various infrastructure
developments must be strictly observed and properly zoned in accordance with Municipal Zoning Ordinance No. 15 series of 2014 of the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan to provide stability of residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, agricultural, open space and other functional areas within the locality
and promote the orderly and beneficial development of the same. The construction of river side retaining wall must also be taken as priority project of the
local and national government due to the social impacts on the people affected.
Moreover, the formulation of this LCCAP will enable this local government unit in accessing funds from development partners and international financial
institutions, non-government organizations/communities through Public Private Partnership Initiatives (PPPIs) focused on climate change adaptation, disaster risk
and vulnerability reduction and management. This document also assesses the current situation of the municipality with regard to climate change risk and outlines
the LCCAP’s strategic direction for 2016 to 2025 as a response to the current situation and projected impact. It’s the primordial role of this local government unit to
integrate in its development efforts the necessary strategies and solutions to ensure and make Ramon and its constituents a more climate proof and resilient
community.

Local Climate Change Action Plan Moreover, the creation of this LCCAP will enable this local government unit in accessing funds from development
partners and international financial institutions, non-government organizations/communities through Public Private Partnership Initiatives (PPPIs) focused on
climate change adaptation, disaster risk and vulnerability reduction and management. This document will also evaluate the current situation of the municipality with
regard to climate change risk and outlines the LCCAP’s strategic direction for 2016 to 2025 as an answer to the current situation and projected impact.
It is the primordial role of this local government unit to integrate in its development efforts the necessary strategies and solutions to guarantee and make
Ramon and its constituents a more resilient community and adaptable individual.

Message
Greetings!
The Local Government Unit of Ramon has arrived with this Local Climate Change Action Plan in support to the universal policy for climate change
awareness. Though it may seem beyond our human control the perceived climate change conditions, this plan, however, had formulated the guide, actions and
solutions with an end goal of reducing its impacts locally.
The climate conditions we experience today is a result of the global technological advancement coupled with neglect of the people towards the
environment. To address and suppress such adverse results would take time. But through the collaboration of the different government sectors with the
participation of the citizenry in adopting and implementing programs, projects and activities to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change. We will have a more
balance to environment.
Furthermore, the aforementioned plan is a part of our commitment for the utmost protection of our mother earth under which humanity is settled.
My beloved constituents, let us join hands and be cognizant and active in contributing towards the attainment of the goals of “R.A. 9729 otherwise known
as the Climate Change Act of 2009” for the welfare of the present and future generations.
JESUS D. LADDARAN
Municipal Mayor

Acknowledgement
The formulation/preparation of the Local Climate Action Plan takes a thorough analysis of the municipality’s current risk situation. This action plan serves as
a framework for this Local Government Unit in our mitigation and adaption effort. The Local Government of Ramon taps various agencies to make this plan
possible. The LGU would like to thank the following staff who provided input into the development of this Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) during the
three (3) days’ workshop training held at Villa Blanca Hotel, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan on November 12 to 14, 2015.
 Engr. Victor Carreon,- Municipal Local Government Operations Officer

 Jeannette Atayde – Farm Supervisor
 Philip John Avila – LDRRMO Representative
 Sheena April A. Lapat – MPDC Clerk III
The actions included in the Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) were identified by the above group during the Workshop Training. More so, this
plan was made possible through the collaborative effort of the department heads in terms of technical aspects.
 Engr. Antonina B. Fernandez - MPDC

 Mr. Ismael Vinoya – Mun. Agriculturist
 Mrs. Gladys May C. Tabag – Acting LDRRMO
 Mrs. Evelyn M. Gabatin – MSWDO
 Engr. Delmar Bartolome – Mun. Engineer
 Engr. Marcos G. Dacanay – MENRO
 Editha R. Delizo – Mun. Budget Officer
 Atty. Vobbye Jean M. Martin – EEDMO/BPLO
We would like also to extend our sincerest appreciation to all individuals/agencies who in one way or another contributed in the realization of this document.

Legal Mandate
In response to the urgency for action on climate change, the Legislative Body of the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 9729 or the Climate Change Act
of 2009, anchored on Section 16 Article II of the Philippine Constitution which provides that “The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.”
R.A. 9729, likewise, provides among others the following:
 Establishment of a Climate Change Commission, an independent and autonomous body that has the same status as that of a national government agency.
The CCC is under the Office of the President and is the “sole-policy-making body of the government which shall be tasked to coordinate, monitor and
evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of this Act.” (Section 4)
 The Commission shall be composed of the President of the Republic of the Philippines who shall serve as the Chairman, and the three (3) Commissioners
to be appointed by the President, one of whom shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Commission. (Section 5)
 The LGUs as frontline agencies in the formulation, planning, and implementation of climate change action plans in their respective areas, shall formulate
their Local Climate Change Action Plan, consistent with the provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework, and the National Climate Change
Action Plan. (Section 14)
 Inter-local government unit collaboration shall be maximized in the conduct of climate-related activities. (Section 4)

Acronyms & Abbreviations

BDRRMC - Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
BPLO - Business Permit Licensing Office
CASS - Climate Adaptation Support Service
CC - Climate Change
CCA - Climate Change Adaptation
CCC - Climate Change Commission
CCVI - Climate Change Vulnerability Index
CFI - Commercial Financial Institutions
CHED - Commission on Higher Education
CRM - Climate Risk Management
DA - Department of Agriculture
DAR - Department of Agrarian Reform
DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepED - Department of Education
DFI - Development Finance Institutions

DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government
DOE - Department of Energy
DOF - Department Finance
DOH - Department of Health
DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment
DOST - Department of Science and Technology
DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways
DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction
DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSM - Demand Side Management
DSWD - Department of Social and Welfare Development
DTI - Department of Trade and Industry
EDC - Energy Development Corporation
ENRA - Environmental and Natural Resource Accounting
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
HUDCC - Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
HVAC - Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning

IEC - Information and Education Campaign
IFC - International Finance Corporation
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature
IWRM - Integrated Water Resources Management
IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
KBA - Key Biodiversity Area
LCCAP - Local Climate Change Action Plan
LDCs - Least Developed Countries
LG - Local Government
LGU - Local Government Unit
LUCF - Land Use Change and Forestry
LWUA - Local Water Utilities Administration
MA - Municipal Agriculture
MDFO - Municipal Development Finance Officer
MENRO - Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
MPDC - Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
MW - Megawatt

NCCAP - National Climate Change Action Plan
NCIP - National Commission on Indigenous People
NDRRMC - Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
NEDA - National Economic and Development Authority
NEDO - National Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
NFSCC - National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
NG - National Government
NGO - National Government Organization
NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NWRB - National Water Resource Board
P3W - President’s Priority Program on Water
PA - Protected Areas
PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PBE - Philippine Business for the Environment
PES - Payment for Environment Services
PFM - Public Finance Mechanism
PIA - Philippine Information Agency

PNOC - Philippine National Oil Company
PPP - Public-Private Partnership
R&D - Research and Development
RA - Republic Act
RE - Renewable Energy
SHS - Solar Home System
SME - Small and Medium Enterprises
TESDA - Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
TPES - Total Primary Energy Supply
UNCRD - United Nations Centre for Regional Development
UNDP - United Nations Development Program
UNEP - United Nations Environmental Programme
UNESCAP - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNIDO - United Industrial Development Organization
USAID - United States Agency for International Development

RATIONALE
Introduction
The Municipality and Climate Change Initiative

Mother Earth, being the only planet for survival, is embodied with great natural resources which is the vital source of living of humankind. During the ancient
time when human lifestyle was still simple, there was stability in the nature. But as time goes by, with the thirst for development and improvement of the people,
technology has begun to advance that brought enormous changes and notorious impacts in the ecosystem which started to destroy the balance of our ecology
resulting to the striking of disasters and climate change.
The disastrous and serious effects of the climate change that the world is witnessing nowadays have touched the attention of our government, thus, the
legislators enacted Republic Act No. 9729 or the Climate Change Act of 2009. This aforesaid law paved the way for the formulation of a National Framework
Strategy on Climate Change which was translated into a National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP). Guided by the NCCAP, RA No. 9729 mandates local
government units to be the frontline agencies in the formulation, planning and implementation of climate change action plans in their respective areas, consistent
with the provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework, and the National Climate Change Action Plan.
The Philippine government believes that scaling up the work in other areas would further promote the primordial role of local governments toward building a
climate resilient municipality by developing local government capacities to conduct participatory vulnerability assessment and develop reports as basis for risk
management mainstreaming in local development plans.
Purpose, Scope and Limitations of the V&AA

Primary process taken under the LCCAP is the conduct of orientation workshop to different barangays in the locality of Ramon, mainly focused on
Barangays of Ambatali, Bantug, General Aguinaldo, Oscariz, Planas and San Miguel, which are mostly affected by calamities, in participation with the Barangay
Nutritionist Scholar, Committee on Agriculture, and Committee on Finance, and in partnership with Department of Interior and Local Government, Local Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Office, Municipal Agriculture Office, and Municipal Planning and Development Office. The said workshop is participatory process
of identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing the overall vulnerabilities of the municipality determined through the area’s exposure to climate-induced and natural
hazards, the degree by which a sector can be affected by the hazards considering the existing and potential impacts or losses, and the status of their capacities to
adapt, avoid or reduce the impacts of the changing climate and its biophysical effects. This process increases the awareness of the key stakeholders and guides
local planners and decision makers in policy formulation, action planning and investment programming.

The outcome of the consultation is the basis of the LCCAP to determine hazards per barangay and to come up with plan that could reduce and attend the
dreadful effects of climate change. To ensure sustainable resiliency interventions, the results of the V&AA will be mainstreamed to local planning system
particularly in the land use plans and multi-sectoral development plans.
The assessment was however limited by incomplete socio-economic and ecological baseline data and lack of available local information on historical
trends and records of all the hazards. Furthermore, there were missing information on growth rates and development patterns for each sector, which are
necessary in the determining future risk.

LGU PROFILE
BRIEF HISTORY
In the middle of twenties (1925 – 1926) when the San Jose – Santa Fe National Road opened, Ilocano migrants from the Central Plain of Luzon like Tarlac,
Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija arrived in bull carts to settle on this vast area covered with weeds called “samon” as homesteaders. As required by the statutes,
these hard-working people stayed right on their twenty four (24) hectare farms, to clear the lot they can call their own. The place was a part of Buenavista, the
oldest barrio of Santiago, Isabela. For more than ten long years amidst untold hardships and sufferings due to malaria disease and unfavorable weather condition,
the pioneers labored hard to convert their homestead into a productive farm with palay as their main crop.
At the latter part of the thirties (1937), the Santiago – Santa Maria road via Mallig Plain was opened and more immigrants came to farm in the place. This
area which is some eleven kilometers away from the town proper of Santiago later emerged to become Barrio Bugallon. With the social dynamism of the barrio
folks who were fond of celebrating annual barrio fiesta, Barrio Bugallon became the biggest and the most progressive barrio of Santiago.
The completion of the Maris Dam at Oscariz in 1957 attracted more migrants to farm at the irrigated areas of Bugallon. Along with the Ilocano arrivals were
few Tagalogs, Pangasinenses and many others. These groups composed mostly of businessmen, carried their trade at the barrio market aside from their farming
activity and turned the barrio more prosperous. As a result, Bugallon became a separate municipality from Santiago and San Mateo in 1964, and was named
Ramon in honor of the late President Ramon Magsaysay. The new town grew by leaps and bounds under the able leadership of Mayor Angelino F. Vizcarra.
Among the priority projects of the first administration were the construction of community market, farm to market roads, and rehabilitation/construction of school
buildings, food production and improvement of peace and order condition.
The completion of the Rural Electrification Program of ISELCO I at the later part of the seventies (1976 -1977) further hastened the progress of the infant
municipality of Ramon.
With the completion of the Magat High Dam in 1983, more areas were converted into irrigated rice lands which attracted more and more people from all
places to migrate to the municipality including the Igorots and Ifugaos from the hinterlands.
The municipality of Ramon was created on June 18, 1961 by virtue of Republic Act. No. 3320 sponsored by the late Congressman Delfin Albano of the then
lone district of Isabela. On November 12, 1963 the first set of local officials were elected with Hon. Angelino F. Vizcarra as Municipal Mayor.

Ramon is composed of nineteen (19) barangays, categorized as urban and rural. Two (2) barangays are categorized as urban are Bugallon Norte and
Bugallon Proper and seventeen (17) barangay were categorized as rural namely; Ambatali, Bantug, Burgos, gen. Aguinaldo, Nagbacalan, Oscariz, Pabil, pagrang-
ayan, Planas, Purok ni Bulan, Raniag, san Antonio, San, Miguel, san Sebastian, Villa Beltran, Villa Carmen and Villa Marcos.
ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
PHYSICAL/ NATURAL RESOURCES
Compared with other municipalities in the province, Ramon has the following advantages.
1. Presence of large and vast tracts of land highly suitable for agricultural production.
2. Fertile, rich croplands good for diversified farming and capable of sustaining 2-3 cropping per year.
3. Wide tree farm areas with soil types good for economic fruit trees and animal food crops production.
4. Critical function of its forests as one of the major watershed in Magat Reservoir Area.
5. Agriculturally dominant and major producer of food crops like rice, corn and vegetables. Actual and potential resources form part of the
agricultural and food supply of the province and the whole region 2 as well.
6. An extensive and highly adequate infrastructure base considered to be one of the most developed municipalities.
6.1 Good roads and bridges as network servicing poblacion- barangay, farm to market roads maintained by the LGU owned heavy
equipment (e.g. bulldozer, grader, backhoe, payloader and dump trucks).
6.2 Adequate public transportation facilities like vans, public utility jeepneys, tricycles and buses.

6.3 Highly adequate irrigation water because of the presence of Magat River Irrigation System of NIA and complemented with
government operated agricultural support infrastructure like municipal slaughter house and public market, other post-harvest
facilities like warehouses, rice milling facilities and solar driers.
6.4 SN/Aboitiz Power Group thru the Magat Hydro Electric Power Plant provides a stable power supply and electrification is provided to
all barangays.
6.5 Telecommunication services are provided by PLDT and cellular mobile telephone services such as Globe, Sun Cellular and Smart;
and WI-FI/WI-Max wireless broadband Internet.
6.6 Cable TV services provided by locally operated cable station.
6.7 Postal communication services by Bureau of Post.
6.8 Highly adequate educational facilities (pre- school up to secondary level only)
6.9 Adequate medical facilities
6.10 Adequate urban potable water system.
6.11 Adequate commercial and business facilities appropriate for less urbanized municipalities.
7. Potential Tourism resources/eco - based recreational and leisure activities.
7.1. Magat Dam Tourism Complex and Camp Vizcarra Ecology Park which has long been a domestic or local tourist attraction, with
high potential on upgrading/ improving the area to cater foreign tourism clients,
7.2 Hospitable environment and the resident’s tradition of openness, welcome and tolerance to foreign ways and people.
7.3 Presence of indigenous people rich in culture, customs and traditions that could be tapped as human tourist attraction found in
barangay Planas and Gen. Aguinaldo.

HUMAN RESOURCES
1. High labor force characterized by high literacy rate and high ratio of college educated man power, comprising of skilled and
professional workers, trainable managers and unskilled and semi skilled man power for non- skilled demanding jobs/ employment.
2. Support of the Local Government Unit (LGU) and a dynamic pool of political leaders.
3. Stable and good LGU financial capacity (2nd class) in comparison to other municipalities in the province;
4. Adequate number of competent, professionalized and trained LGU personnel complement in the discharge of administrative
functions/ responsibilities and basic services delivery;
5. Presence of barangay based network of community service volunteers to complement and broaden government outreach down to
the grassroots level;
6. Very active participation and cooperative co- partnership between the LGU, Non-Government Organizations and National
Government Agencies towards the over-all development of Ramon;
7. Favorable peace & order, and conducive public safety and security condition in the locality and
8. Intensified Public Information and Community Development Information Dissemination Program.
REVENUE SOURCES
Ramon is generally an agricultural municipality, and as such its people generally derive their income from crops, livestock and fishery resources. Some
derive their income from service- oriented establishments or working with the government and private employees in the municipality, province other parts of the
region, country and abroad.
The revenue sources’ of the Municipality are derived internally and externally. Internal sources are the local sources derived from local taxes, fees and
charges, External sources are derived from shares of national revenues 2011 Actual income of the municipality is 28.54% from local sources and 71.46% from

national sources. National sources derived from the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), National Wealth Tax (NWT), PCSO and Tobacco Excise Tax of the
municipality.
Majority of our local sources comes from the payment of the operation of SN/ Aboitiz Power Group that includes their business taxes, real property taxes
among others. Other local taxes come from private sector like permit fees and business taxes, real property taxes and other form of taxes.
EMPLOYMENT
Majority of the economically active population of the municipality are engaged in agriculture and fishing. The rest are engaged in piggery and poultry, services
like repair of vehicles and appliances, restaurants, domestic services, government and private services, trade and construction.
A few are overseas workers such as domestic helpers, nurses, midwives, engineers, doctors, teacher, agriculturist and others.
AVERAGE FAMILY INCOME AND EXPENDITURES
VIS-À-VIS POVERTY LEVEL
Based on 2009 primary survey, Ramon has an annual per capita poverty threshold of P15, 660.00 which is higher than the province’s P15, 042 and the
region’s P 15,306.00. However, the municipality is lower as compared to the country’s poverty threshold per capita per year of P 16,841.
Family expenditures are basically spent for food consumption, about 40 percent of the income followed by schooling, health and medical needs, clothing’s,
transportation, communication, housing, leisure and recreation.
However, as Ramonian, like most Ilocanos value hard work, a portion of their earnings is usually deposited in the bank for the future. Some invest it in
stocks & businesses.

EXISTING LAND USE AND LAND USE TRENDS

1. EXISTING LAND USE TRENDS
The existing land use of the municipality which provides information of the physical character of the area and the relationship between the physical
characteristics and the identified and qualified socio- economic characteristics, the general pattern of growth within the municipality is linear wherein the
concentration of development is along roadsides where resettlements are found. Infrastructure like roads and bridges are found in the different barangays that
connect functional areas and make transport of people and services possible.
The municipality’s total land area of 13,517.10 hectares contains a variety of land uses of the population and economic growth.
In the poblacion or major urban center, the grid type of settlement is prevalent, this is characterized by blocks formed by parallel roads interconnecting with
one another, and this pattern will not allow fast traffic because of many intersections.
2. EXISTING LAND USES
2.1 GENERAL LAND USE
The following are the specific major land uses in the municipality:
2.1.1 Built- up Area
This is the general term used in the general land use of the municipality which include residential, commercial, institutional, parks and open spaces and other
inherent component of a settlement area. This likewise includes group of at least ten (10) dwelling units.
This built- up areas are found mostly within the urban barangays and along roadside of different barangays. It has an approximate area of 504.630 hectares.

2.1.2 Agricultural Area
These are areas exclusively or predominantly for cultivation, livestock production and fishery. The area declared by the office of the municipal agriculturist is
approximately 9,756.61 hectares.
2.1.3 Forest
This is classified as protection areas. It has an estimated area of 1,316.855 hectares.
2.1.3.1 Watershed
The area occupied by the Magat Watershed is 1,030.855 hectares
2.1.3.2 Production Forest
These are the areas occupied by the Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) and National Greening Program (NGP) with an area of 286.00 hectares.
2.1.4 Easement/Buffer
This includes easement along Magat River. It has an estimated area of 47.75 hectares.
2.1.5 Road Network/Utilities
This includes roads linking to other barangays and other utilities like controlled dumpsite and cell sites. It has an aggregate area of 355.20 hectares.
2.1.6 Tourism Area
Resort and nature Ecology Parks are visible in the municipality. It has an approximate area of 209.00 hectares.

2.1.7 Industrial Area
The industries that exist in the area are mostly rice mills and baby cono’s with estimated aggregate area of 4.896 hectares.
2.1.8 Water Bodies
Water bodies include the Magat River, north eastern tip of the municipality and various intermittent creeks traversing the plains of the area. It occupies an
aggregate area of 1,216.820 hectares
2.1.9 Grassland/Pastureland
These areas are under-utilized, potential in agriculture activities. It has a total area of 105.339 hectares.
2.2 URBAN LAND USE
The urban center of the municipality comprises two (2) barangays with a combined land area of 2,189.00 hectares. This represents 16.19 percent of the
total territorial jurisdiction of Ramon. The existing urban land use reflects of its function as the major center of commercial and administrative activities and
services.
Although, designated as urban area approximately 88.70 percent of the total area of the urban barangays is being utilized for agricultural activities.
2.2.1 Residential Area
Residential settlements in the area follow the grid pattern defined by parallel road network. This includes all areas occupied by structure for residential use.
A total of 171.450 hectares are devoted for this use.
2.2.2. Commercial Area
This includes all areas occupied by commercial establishments engaged in recreational, personal business activities, commerce and trade and lending
institutions. An aggregate area of 23.276 hectares is devoted for this use.

2.2.3. Industrial Area
This includes all areas occupied and engaged in the manufacture of structural concrete products, metal crafts, machine shops, vulcanizing shops, bakery
and rice mills. An aggregate area of 0.200 hectares.
2.2.4. Institutional Area
Institutional area includes lots where government institutions, educational institutions, hospital/medical clinics, religious and other socio-economic
infrastructures are constructed.
These institutions have an aggregate area of 6.720 hectares or 0.31 percent of the urban barangays land area.
2.2.5. Parks and Open Spaces
These include areas currently occupied by parks and playground, multipurpose pavements and cemeteries. This use occupied a total land area of 4.860
hectares.
2.2.6. Roads and Streets
The total road network within the urban core currently occupies an aggregate area of 40.930 hectares.
2.2.7. Agricultural Area
Currently occupied by agricultural crops, fishponds and other facilities supportive to this land use has an aggregate area of 1,941.534 hectares.
2.2.8. Special Uses
Special uses include cell sites and slaughter houses with an aggregate area of 0.030 hectares.

DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Following are the issues and concerns that the municipality has to address in order to develop;
PHYSICAL/NATURAL RESOURCES
1. Occurrence of natural calamities particularly typhoon during rainy season.
2. High cost of agricultural inputs, and high cost of venturing into commercial- scale livestock and poultry production;
3.Inadequate employment opportunities, and lack of supplemental sources of income of farmers and fishermen.
4. High cost of raw materials, lack of capital and market for cottages/industries products.
5. Presence of under-utilized potential agricultural lands;
6. Below adequacy/ sufficiency levels on fish production, some vegetable crops, fruits trees and livestock as compared to ideal production level.
7. Financial constraints/lack of funds for cordial infrastructure projects requiring large investment outlays;
8. Lack of adequate facilities for potable water supply in rural areas due to high cost of construction and maintenance of commercial faucet.
9. Doubled-up households due to lack of housing units and high cost of construction materials;
10. Prevalence of malnutrition among pre-schoolers and school children due to inadequate food supply, vitamin deficiencies and negligence of parents.
11. Lack of adequate garbage disposal and environmental sanitation facilities in the urban areas and lack of adequate sanitary facilities (e.g. toilets) in the
rural areas are contributory to the factors of leading causes of morbidity or incidence of common diseases such as respiratory tract infections and other
poor sanitation and hygiene-related ailments;
12. Commerce, trade and industry are limited to neighborhood sari-sari/grocery stores and rice-milling in the rural areas, thus the concentration of business
establishments is in the poblacion;
13. Insufficient evacuation center;

14. Insufficient rescue and recovery equipment;
15. Preparedness in various hazard encountered;
16. Absence of pre-emptive evacuation ordinance.
PLANNING CONTEXT
Table 1. DEVELOPMENTAL PRIORITIES
ELEMENT DESCRIPTOR INDICATOR REALITY STRATEGY/POLICIES

GAP
NAURAL/BUILT Safe Environment stability and integrity 2 2 Sustainability of Municipal Reforestation Program
ENVIRONMENT
Solid Waste Management Efficiently Implemented 2 2 Implementation of MRF is strengthened in the 19
barangays.
Lot/Area allocation for future Sanitary Land Fill
Protection of Rivers/Creeks and other bodies of 1 3 Fruit tree propagation and planting along the watershed
water is pursued area of the Magat River
MDRRMC/BDRRMC are functional 3 1 Strengthening of the MDRRMC and the 19
BDRRMC
Disaster Safe settlements 2 2 Formulation of the disaster risk MDRRM plan
Resilient
Strict implementation of the Zoning Ordinance
Green Tree planting 3 1 Tree planting in all environmentally critical areas
LOCAL ECONOMY Top procedure Hybrid/Inbrid Rice penetrated the local market 1 3 Promotion and development of Hybrid/Inbrid rice
of hybrid/inbred
rice
Increase production thru area expansion
Center of Increased family income 2 2 Sustainable livelihood program and capital-assisted
Progress skills training in the 19 barangays
Balanced Agro-Industrial Growth 1 3

Diversified agriculture activities Extensive Support to increase production in

HVCC, poultry, livestock and fishery
Sustainability of agri-related programs and projects
Formulation of Investment and Incentive Code
Trade in Increased volume of tourists 1 3 Formulation of tourism plan
tourism
Construction of tourism support facilities
Progressive Improved communications thru Innovative and 1 3 IT development
and Peaceful Information Technology
Transformed OSY’s to productive citizens 2 2 OSY livelihood training to 19 barangays
Sustainable livelihood program and capital-assisted
skills training of OSY’s in 19 barangays
Sustainable Rice & Corn Production 2 2 Investment on Agricultural Facilities
Improvement financing opportunities of farmers 1 3 Organization of cooperatives
Adequate Private Sector Investment 1 3 Public-Private Partnership Programs to Augment
financial requirement of Local Economic Investments
Adequate Infrastructure Support 1 3 More investment on Farm to Market Roads,
Access Roads and Bridges
LOCAL God-loving Transparent in all transactions 3 1 ARTA advocacy
LEADERSHIP
Strong-willed Participatory planning, implementation and 2 2 Institutionalization of LGU-NGO-PO
evaluation Undertakings
Equitable Access of Population to Basic Services 3 1 More fund allocation for basic services
PEOPLE AS Family-oriented Peace-loving 3 1 Continuing integration of family life education
INDIVIDUAL and counseling in 19 barangays
Strengthening the MPOC and BPOC
Child friendly 3 1 Continues strengthening of MCPC and BCPC’s
Self-resilient Long life expectancy 3 1 Integration of the healthy lifestyle program in
the 19 barangays
Low morbidity/mortality rate 3 1 Continuous improvement of PGBICH both
structural facilities and services
Provision of additional ambulance to cater the
immediate needs of 19 barangays

Improvement of Local Health Services
Poverty free 2 2 Implementation of livelihood projects
Continuous information and education campaigns
Disciplined Drug-free 2 2 Continuous anti-drug abuse campaign in 19 barangays
LEGEND: 0 = Nothing at all has been achieved

1 = Very little (1% to 25%) has been attained
2 = Attainment is about 26% to 50%
3 = Attainment is quite high (51% to 75%)
4 = Vision is very close to being realized (76% to 100%)
5 = Inadequate information

VISION
A progressive, peaceful, clean, disaster resilient and green Ramon. A center for trade, eco-tourism, family-oriented and managed by God-Loving
and strong-willed leaders in partnership with self-reliant and disciplined citizenry.
The municipal Government, cognizant of its strengths and weaknesses and expectations of its constituents, shall endeavor to make Ramon,
Isabela;
Economically stable, socially ameliorated, self- reliant and supportive to our neighbors and national goal.
Planning Context
M
The raging impact of disasters due to climate change induced the legislators to enact two (2) laws in the Philippines namely, the Philippine Climate Change
Act of 2009 and the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. These said laws were created and developed directing the Local Government
Unit to formulate its Local Climate Change Action Plan in LGU’s most vulnerable communities and areas, and other resources within their territories.
These aforementioned laws now put forward policy directives and strategies to ensure the municipality’s resilience to climate change and other natural
hazards. It acknowledges the cross-cutting nature of climate change threats and impacts thus the requirement to incorporate its considerations into all
development sectors.
As a policy directive and strategy for carrying the issuance of the said laws noted the need to integrate climate change considerations into the planning and
budgeting processes of national and provincial governments. It specifically advance the need to urgently address the adaptation needs of human settlements, as
well as the need to plan and implement adaptation actions based on risk reduction and vulnerability assessment for Ramon, Isabela. Given the above directive, the
main purpose of the V&AA for Ramon is to provide local government decision makers and community leaders with facts relevant to defining their adaptation
priorities and plans, with the view of eventually integrating this into their regular programs and budgets. The V&AA will also provide guidance in ascertaining the
necessary actions needed to effectively handle the unavoidable impacts of climate change.
The V&AA envisaged to form part of a larger strategic urban planning process where stakeholder involvement is essential. Implying a significant segment
of the society right from the start of the assessment stage facilitates not only the gathering of more detailed information that may be unavailable from the local
government, but also helps in construing data and information as it relates to the unique experiences of different various segments of the society. The participatory
nature of the V&AA is expected to bring about extensive based decision making that elevates the ability of local governments to mobilize effective local actions.
CLIMATE CHANGE PLANS AND PROGRAMS EXISTING AND IMPLEMENTED
Programs/Projects/Activities
1. Provision of hand tractor to various barangay

2. Construction of Multi-Purpose Drying Pavement in various barangays
3. Repair/change of canal cover from cement to steel
4. Maintenance of Barangay Roads and other related expenses
5. Construction of concrete drainage
6. Concreting of Roads of Nagbacalan, Burgos, Purok ni Bulan, Villa Marcos, Planas, Bugallon Norte, Oscariz, San Antonio,

Ambatali
7. Upgrading of Farm to Market Road
8. Construction of Multi-Purpose Building
9. Health Education and Information campaign
10. Purchase of 1unit Aerial bucket
11. Provision of forest tree seedlings
12. Community Base Management system
13. Provision of Rescue Ambulance
14. Provision of Rescue paraphernalia’s
15. Relief & recovery: Financial, Medical & Relief Assistance to affected families and individuals
16. Tree Trimming of unsafe branches around the Municipal building compound
17. Linis Ilog/Linis bayan Movement
18. Incident Command System Training
19. Distributed Anti-Dengue Residual Spray to all barangays and schools
20. Inter-Barangay Training on Harmonization and Mainstreaming of BDRRM Plans and Budget Preparation.
21. Information Education Campaign:
-Earthquake and fire Drills
-Basic First Aid training to different schools
22. Distribution of pamphlets to barangays and Schools for CCA
23. Medical first responders training
24. Construction of rescue operation center/LDRRM Bldg.
PLANNING APPROACH

Engaging the Municipality
To ensure information sharing and active participation of the Municipal Government, a Ramon LCCAP Team was formed through an Executive Order No.
41 Series of 2015 from the Municipal Mayor. This aforementioned team was composed of the Municipal Mayor, himself, the Chairman on Committee on
Environment and Natural Resources, and the Department Heads of DRRM, MLGOO, MHO, MEO, MAO, MSWDO, MBO, MTO, EEDMO/BPLO, MENRO, and
CSO/FARMC of the Municipality.
Methodology
The Local Government Unit initiated the conduct of Ramon Local Climate Action Plan in partnership with Department of Interior and Local Government from
December to January 2015. The conduct of meetings to stakeholders and disaster prone barangays were conducted in January 2015 to start the process.
Figure. 1
Conduct the V&AA

2 Local Chief Executive/  Community Focus Group
Leaders’ Briefing Discussions
3 Forming Ramon LCCAP Team  Barangay Consultation
1 Climate Change Orientation
4 Issuance of Executive Order (Results of the V&AA & At
(Cluster Workshop)
Risk Assessments)
2 Exposure Analysis
3 Sensitivity Analysis  Formulation of Climate
Engage the
4 Adaptive Capacity Analysis
Municipality 5 Coaching & Mentoring Municipality and Barangay
Sessions Validation and Local
Adaptation Planning

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Conduct of the V&AA
The following documents were reviewed for the study:
 Socio-Economic Profile 2015 (MPDO)

 Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2013-2022
 Thematic and hazard maps (MGB-GIS)
 Climate Change in the Philippines (PAGASA, 2014)
Four (4) Representative from the Municipality of Ramon underwent an orientation and initial V&AA assessment during the orientation-workshop by the
Department of Interior and Local Government last November 12 to 14, 2015. During the workshop, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Sciences Administration (PAGASA), Mines & Geosciences Bureau, provided local data as well as climate projections needed for assessing the municipality’s
exposure and sensitivities to climate change and its impacts.
Utilizing the available local data from the Municipality, the LCCAP Team representing the social, economic, environmental, infrastructure and land-use
sectors made initial evaluations of the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacities of the Municipalities.
Concerned departments and organizations of the municipality divulge the result of the said evaluation to the affected barangays, and the latter, through its
officials and representatives, disperse such matter to their constituents.
Validation Workshops and Adaptation Planning
Considering the ideal location of the municipality which hardly suffers from environmental devastation, several at risk barangays were identified and
validated through focus group discussions and actual survey in the area. Hence, activities and workshops were undertaken in order to boost the community
aspirations, identify existing community assets that are indispensable for the community’s resilience to climate related risks, and ascertain assets most exposed to
multi-hazards. The validation workshop also generated information on current coping mechanisms of communities, identify apertures, and determine CC
adaptation options.

More so, the Municipality’s wide consultation on Local Climate Change Action Plan which was attended by stakeholders and barangay officials was held to
address other concerns, gather further inputs and finalize the initial list of adaptation options engendered from previous workshops. The final workshop is on
mainstreaming CCA and DRRM, primarily through the outcome of the V&AA, in the Comprehensive Development Plan of the Municipality.
CLIMATE, RAINFALL AND TYPHOON OCCURRENCE
The climate of the municipality falls under Type III. This type of climate is characterized by no pronounced season relatively wet from May to October, dry for
the rest of the year. Maximum rain periods are not very pronounced, dry season lasts from one to three months. The area is partly sheltered from north east
monsoon and trade winds but open to the southwest monsoon or to frequent storms.
Specifically, the climate is tropical and monsoonal. The monsoonal climate is characterized by two (2) distinct major wind systems, namely:
 Northeast monsoon – this is intercepted by the Sierra Madre Mountains, and

 Southeast monsoon – this produces heavy start rainfall in the Cordillera Central Mountains.
The Southwest monsoon month starts from May and ends in October.
Amount of rainfall and its distribution are influenced by the Cagayan Basin Topography and the two (2) monsoon seasons. The Sierra Madre Mountains
intercept the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon produces heavy rainfall in the Cordillera Mountains. Based on 2011 NIA-DRD Magat data, peak
rainy month is in September with an average monthly rainfall of 467.00 mm. and the least is in April having an average monthly rainfall of 37.00 mm.
Basing on the 2011 data from NIA Reservoir (NIA-RDD), the occurrence of typhoons is centered within April to December with the highest frequency of
occurrence in September respectively.
TOPOGRAPHY AND SLOPE CHARACTERISTIC

The topography of the municipality is characterized by complex geographical features with a mixed topography of broad alluvial plains, valleys and low lying
areas. East and North of the Poblacion are lands with flat relief. After the Baligatan Creek, it is moderately undulating and rolling lands.
The areas beyond Gen. Aguinaldo and Ambatali are undulating and rolling until the Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya boundaries.
The slope classification of the municipality of Ramon are categorized as follows: 0-3% and 3-8% are characterized as level to nearly level, 8-18% is nearly
gently sloping, 18-30% is moderately undulating land and 30-50% is very steeply sloping and rolling land.
SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND USES
Ramon has four (4) types of soil namely: San Juan Clay, Bago Sandy Clay Loam, Bago Sandy Loam and Mountain Soils (Undifferentiated).
DISASTER REPORT ASSESSMENT
The world had tremendously experiencing Climate Change, a long term alteration in global weather pattern especially increases in temperature and storm
activity as a potential subsequence of the greenhouse effect. Some of the effects of climate change are: more weather related disasters, more floods and droughts
and prevalence of diseases mostly brought about by diseases carrier insects.
Our municipality is not spared with these conditions. Destructive typhoons often occur in our municipality bringing serious disruption of the functioning of the
locality, causing extreme damage to properties and agricultural crops and death of livestocks. Fortunately, there were no reported human casualties.
Republic Act 10121 was enacted in 2010, purposely to strengthen the Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and institutionalizing the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefore and for other purposes.
After the enactment of this Act, the government is continuously finding ways and means to prevent, mitigate the vulnerability of the community to the
damaging effects of hazards that pose threat to people, structures and economic assets. The national government down to the lowest level, non-government
organizations and instrumentalities are called for to join hands to combat climate change that will redound to the occurrence of natural calamities.
HAZARDS

Vulnerability to natural hazards has increased tremendously throughout the country. There are four (4) natural hazards that are identified that pose threats
to humans, properties and disruption of the functioning of the government in the municipality. These are: Typhoons, flooding, landslides and drought.
Among the four (4), typhoon is noted to be the most risky which occur most frequently during the period from June to December. These typhoons brought
severe devastation of agricultural crops, damage of properties and infrastructure facilities, floods and landslides are the aftermaths of typhoons due to continuous
downpour of storm water.
As per assessment conducted by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), there are eighteen (18) barangays susceptible to flooding and five (5) to
landslides.
Drought or the “El Niño” phenomenon which occurs every after twelve years (12) years also severely affects aquaculture production in the entire
municipality.
Earthquake seldom occurs in the locality and if ever, damage is very minimal compared to the two (2) natural hazards.
ELEMENTS, SECTORS AND INSTITUTIONS EXPOSED TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

SOCIAL SECTOR
HUMAN RESOURCES
 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH RATE
Based on 2010 National Statistics Office survey on population, the population of Ramon is 49,812. This represents an increase of 4,554 over the 2007 survey
on population with an average growth rate of 3.25 percent. The growth rate of the province of Isabela is 2.05 percent, the regional growth rate of Cagayan Valley is
1.84 percent while the national growth rate is 2.04 percent.
Based on the computed projection on population, the municipality has a population of 73,095 at the end of the planning period and will be doubled on the
year 2034.
 POPULATION DENSITY
The municipality has a total population of 49,812 with a total land area of 135.17 square kilometer. It registered a gross density of 368.51 persons/sq.km.
As compared to the standards, the municipality is still considered as low density area.
Barangay Planas has the highest gross density of 1,195.22 person/sq.km. followed by Barangay Oscariz with 632.94 persons/sq.km.
Barangay San Antonio has the lowest density with 142.63 persons/sq.km.
 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Based from the most recent census on population (2010) conducted by NSO, the population of Ramon was 49,812. Of this number, 11,975 are residing in
the urban area or 24.04% of the total population while 37,837 resides in the rural barangays representing 75.96% of the total population. The urban barangays are
the most populated barangay and considered as the center of business of the municipality. Barangay Raniag comes next with a population of 5,093.
The least populated barangay is Purok ni Bulan having a population of 577.
 POPULATION BY GENDER
Based on the 2007 NSO survey on population, the total population of Ramon is 45,240 wherein 23,260 or 51.42 percent are male and 21,980 or 48.58
percent are female.
 Labor Force
Labor force refers to the population 15 years old & over who are either employed or unemployed. Primary survey was conducted on 2007
and it appears that of the total population 15 yrs. old and above of 29,679, 57.51% are employed, 41.88% are unemployed and 0.61% belongs to
the not in the labor force. Male dominates the employed population of 11,843 or 77.72% while for the female only 5,226 or 36.19% are employed.
 Religious Affiliation
Based on the 2010 primary survey conducted by the Municipal Planning Staff, several faith professed by the population. Nevertheless, the
Roman Catholic is the major religious affiliation of the population with 29,480 devotees representing 59.18%. The Iglesia ni Cristo follows with
8,597 headcounts accounting for 17.26% while the remaining 23.56% are distributed among several others.
HOUSING
Presently, there are four (4) identified potential resettlement areas of Ramon to cater the housing needs of the identified beneficiaries/homeless and to
address the housing backlog of the municipality.
Public proposed resettlement areas are located in barangays San Miguel and Villa Marcos. Barangay San Miguel has a total area of 6.00 hectares and an
estimated housing units of 500 while Barangay Villa Marcos has a total area of 1.40 hectares with an estimated housing units of 120.
Mc John Village CMP located at Barangay Bugallon Proper has a total area of 1.633 hectares with an estimated housing units of 238 and New York Heights
Subdivision at National Highway, Bugallon Proper, Ramon, Isabela with an area of 4.0967 hectares more or less with an estimated housing unit of 347.
Health, Nutrition, and Sanitation

The provision and delivery of primary health services to the residents of the nineteen (19) barangays in the Municipality is being spearheaded by the
Municipality Health Office.
A Phil Health- Accredited Facility, the Rural Health Unit is located at the poblacion area providing laboratory and dental services and lately serving as lying-
in center. It is manned by a Municipal Health Officer, (4) Public Health Nurses, (5) Rural Health Midwives, (1) Registered Pharmacist; (1) Medical Technologist, (1)
Sanitary Inspector, (21) other medical personnel (job orders), 1-utility worker and ambulance drivers. Dental services are being provided by a Dentist and a Dental
Aide.
Emergency cases and critical health problems were immediately acted upon and patients were quickly brought to hospitals and clinics for treatment with the
presence of two (2) ambulance van.
Health care services and nutrition related activities are also made accessible with the presence of Barangay Health Centers/Stations of the barangays of
Ramon. Each barangay is being manned by a well-trained Rural Health Midwife with the assistance of a group of accredited Barangay Health Workers and
Barangay Nutrition Scholars.
In addition to this, one private hospital and four (4) private clinics are present and ready to give health services to the constituents in emergency cases.
On the other hand, the delivery of social welfare services in the municipality is being spearheaded by the Municipal Social Welfare & Development Officer
which supervises the operation of thirty (30) day care/ feeding centers in the different barangays.
Moreover, the Office of the Senior Citizens Affair is presently house within the municipal compound is also operational and it is fully supported with the
provision of an annual funding assistance from the Local Government.
Educational Facilities
All levels of education except for tertiary, post graduate and vocational are available in the various learning institutions located in the Municipality.
Pre-Schools- The municipality of Ramon has fifty eight (58) pre-school/nursery/kindergarten schools, of which thirty (30) Day care centers are being
managed by the LGU through the MSWDO; nineteen (19) are administered by the Department of Education; and nine (9) are privately-owned pre- schools.
Elementary Level- There is only one (1) primary school and twenty three (23) elementary schools in the municipality, five (5) of which are privately- owned.

Ramon Central School houses the main office of Ramon District and has the highest number of enrollees.
Secondary Level- Ramon has five (5) public and four (4) private secondary high schools that cater the educational needs of high school students in the
area.
Latest data gathered for the school year 2011- 2012 shows that there are about 2,036 students enrolled in the municipality’s schools both private & public.
Tertiary Level, Post Graduate and Vocational School- With the absence of tertiary level, post graduate and vocational schools in the municipality,
students avail themselves of college education from Universities, Colleges and Vocational Schools in nearby Santiago City, while others prefer to enroll in as far as
Baguio City, Tuguegarao City, Bayombong and Metro Manila.
Non- Formal Education- The Municipal Cultural Center otherwise known as the Angelino F. Vizcarra Cultural Center and the nineteen (19) Barangay
Community Centers offer non-formal education trainings, especially livelihood skills training programs are being provided to Out-of-School Youths, NGO’s,
Persons with Disabilities and Farmer Organizations.
Annual training programs were being sponsored by the Local Government Unit through the Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO), the Public Employment &
Service Office (PESO), and the Municipal Social Welfare & Development Office (MSWDO) in coordination with various government line agencies such as the
Technical Education & Skills Development Authority (TESDA),Department of Trade & Industry (DTI),Department of Labor & Employment (DOLE) and the
Department of Social Welfare & Development (DSWD) among others.
In year 2014, the Centralized Community Based Skills Training Center (CCBSTC) was formally opened its services. This project offers the technical-
vocational courses such as: Technical Driving, Automotive and Electrical Installation and Maintenance to cater out-of –school youth and disadvantaged persons
who cannot afford to get a formal education.
The majority of the adverse effects of climate change are experienced by poor and low income communities, who have much higher levels of vulnerability to
health, wealth and other factors, and much lower level of capacity available for coping with environment change.
With present projects, programs, and opportunities offer in the municipality, the people of Ramon have greater adaptive capacity that threat level in various
hazards.

The majority of the adverse effects of climate change are experienced by poor and low income communities, who have much higher levels of vulnerability to
health, wealth, and other factors, and lower levels of capacity available for coping with environment change. The present projects, programs and activities
offer/available in the municipality, the people of Ramon has greater adaptive capacity than to its threat level to various hazards.
PROTECTIVE AND SAFETY SERVICES
Police Protection
The protective service of the Municipality is served primarily by the Philippine National Police Force for the maintenance of its peaceful atmosphere. Peace
and order situation is overseen by twenty three (23) policemen/ policewoman the PNP is assisted by 267 barangay tanods in all barangays to promote peace &
order situation.
The PNP is situated within the municipal compound with an aggregate area of 200 sq. meters and a police outpost was constructed in barangay Oscariz.
Fire Protection
The municipality has also a Fire Protection Station in the Poblacion, which has one (1) unit fire truck, one (1) fire hydrant and two (2) fire extinguishers for
emergency purposes in case of fire.
SPORTS AND RECREATION
Ramon’s existing sports and recreation facilities includes a cultural center in Bugallon Proper. It is where various sports competition such as basketball,
volleyball, and chess among others are held during harvest festivals and fiestas as well as the venue of socio- cultural activities such as public meetings, free film
viewings, bingo games, traditional games and socio- cultural presentations.
All barangays have also basketball courts, multipurpose pavements that serve as barangay plaza where barangay sports activities and other social
gatherings are held.
Majority of the elementary and secondary schools have also their respective sports and recreation area.

There are other recreational facilities in the municipality. These include privately owned billiards and resorts, Magat Dam Tourism Complex and Camp
Vizcarra Ecology Park.
ECONOMIC SECTOR
INDUSTRY
Climate Change will have an impact on both industrial raw material supplies and processes, although the greatest effect will most likely be via global
market development, CC can have notable impacts to those industrial sectors whose raw material are heavily dependent on weather and other changes in the
natural environment.
Industrial Areas
Industrial area in the municipality increased by as much as 51.47% during the last five years from 2.520 hectares in 2007 to 4.896 hectares in 2011 due to
the proliferation of agro-industrial establishment particularly contract growing farms and rice mills.
High concentration of these establishments is noted in four (4) barangays of Raniag, Burgos, Ambatali and Gen. Aguinaldo. These barangays are ideal site
for such establishments because of their physical characteristics. They have a relatively flat topography and nearly level slope with good external and internal
natural drainage eliminating problems on flooding and erosion.
A total industrial area in these barangays is 4.456 hectares representing 91.01% of the total industrial area in the municipality.
Existing Industrial Establishment
Industrial establishments in the municipality are limited to agro-industry, wood industry, food industry, concrete industry, metal industry and power plant.
These established industries are located in different barangays of the municipality.
There are sixty (60) existing industries in the municipality; six (6) wood industry, thirteen (13) food industry, seven (7) metal craft, four (4) concrete industry,
twenty two (22) rice mills, two (2) piggery, five (5) contract growing farms and one (1) power plant.

MANUFACTURING
Changing the way industries make things will go a long way towards mitigating manufacturing’s negative environment impacts. In some cases, simply re
designing a product can improve not only the product’s life span but also lead to a more efficient use resources, easier recycling, and less population during the
manufacturing process can help to mitigate climate change impacts to industry.
Wood Industry
Furniture shops have six (6) establishments. Presently, three (3) shops are categorized as cottage industry which is operating with bigger capitalization of P
500,000.00 and employs four (4) to six (6) skilled workers. On the other hand, the remaining three (3) are micro-industry because of the very limited capitalization
and small employment size.
They are also considered as light industries since they emit little or negligible amount of pollutants.
Aggregate area occupied by the shops is only 730 square meters.
Food Industry
There are thirteen (13) establishments engaged in the food industry.
Twelve (12) are classified as micro-industries with a capitalization of below P 150,000.00 and with an employment of two (2) to four (4) workers.
The champbest business corporation is classified as a cottage industry with a bigger capitalization of P 500,000.00 but falls under small-scale category in
terms of employment size with sixteen (16) workers.
They are also classified as light industries due to negligible emission of pollutants.
Total land area occupied by these establishments is 590 square meters.

Metal Industry
Seven (7) establishments are engaged in the metal industry. All of them are categorized as micro-industries with a capitalization of P40,000- P100,000 and
an employment of two (2) to three (3) workers. They are light industries by classification.
The industry currently employs fifteen (15) workers.
The industries occupy an aggregate area of 280 square meters.
Four (4) establishments are engaged in the manufacture of concrete products particularly hollow blocks. All are micro-industries in terms of capitalization
and employment size. They are operating on a capital ranging from P 30,000-P 40,000 and employing two (2) workers.
They are classified as light industries.
Aggregate area occupied by the industries is 600 square meters.
AGRO-INDUSTRY
Rice Milling
Rice Mills has the highest number of agro-industry due to the abundance of palay production. Most of these are engage in palay processing and trading.
A total of twenty two (22) rice mills are presently operating in the municipality. Fourteen (14) are classified as micro-industries both in terms of capitalization
and employment size. Each establishment has a declared capitalization of P 50,000.00 to P 150,000.00 and an employment of not more than three (3) persons.
Six (6) rice mills/baby conos are categorized as cottage industries both in terms of capitalization and employment size.
According to degree of hazard and pollution, these establishments are classified as medium industries because it produces pollutive but non-hazardous
elements. Anti-pollution devices were adopted by these establishments and were issued Environmental Compliance Certificate by the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources-Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) which is a requirement in the issuance of a locational clearance by the LGU.

The industry currently employs fifty six (58) workers.
Rice mills occupy an aggregate area of 20,704.00 square meters.
Piggery Farms
There are only two (2) industrial piggery farms in the municipality. The Cruz’ farm is categorized as cottage industry with a capitalization of P 300,000.00
and employment size of three (3).
Sunland farm, on the other hand, is categorized as a small-scale industry in terms of capitalization of P 4,000,000.00 and employment size of ten (10).
These are classified as medium industries due to the emission of pollutive and hazardous elements.
Poultry/contract Growing Farms
Contract growing farms have proliferated in the municipality during the last five years.
According to capitalization, the farms are categorized as small-scale industries, with a declared capitalization of ₱ 2,000,000 to ₱ 8,000,000 but in terms of
employment size, the farms are categorized as cottage industries with less than ten (10) workers.
Like other establishments engaged in agro-industry, these are classified as medium industries. These are operating with an Environmental Compliance Certificate
issued by the DENR-EMB after having fully complied with all the requirements to mitigate pollution.
The aggregate area occupied by the farms is 14,800.00 square meters.
One of the development issues is the unavailability of evacuation center for animals that can accommodate the large number of piggery and livestock.
Power Plant
The power plant, SN Aboitiz Power Group, is categorized as large-scale industry in terms of capitalization of P 7.0Billion. But in terms of employment size,
it falls under small-scale industry category which employs forty five (45) workers. The reason is modernization of equipment and facilities in lieu of the skilled
manpower.

The power plant is categorized as heavy industry but it is a non-pollutive/non-hazardous industry. The plant is situated at barangay Gen. Aguinaldo
occupying an aggregate area of 5,000.00 square meters.
Climate change has an impact on energy supply and safety of facilities although air conditioning will consume more and more energy the heating need in
facilities will be reduced. Problems may also be caused by bodies of water becoming warmer, which may impede the cause of water for cooling.
Commerce and Trade
Most sectors of the global economy are likely to be affected by climate change, and this will often have implications for trade. Mitigating global warming and
adapting to its consequences will require major economic investment.
Commercial Areas
The ever growing needs of the populace resulted to the growth and expansion of commercial areas in the locality.
The public market at Bugallon Proper which serves as the minor central business district remains the focal point of all business and trade for the populace.
It is well-equipped with lighting, water system and functional drainage system. It is complemented by service shops, offices, recreational facilities as well as
communication and transport facilities.
The minor central business district occupies an aggregate area of 8,586.00 square meters located within the built-up area of barangay Bugallon Proper.
The commercial strip along the national highway at barangays Bugallon Proper, Burgos and Oscariz serves as an extension of the minor central business
district. The strip has retail stores, professional offices, service shops, recreational facilities and other types of commercial establishments. It particularly serves the
needs of students, faculty and staff of both La Salette of Ramon and Jet Montessori School. The strips occupies an area of 20,000.00 square meters for Bugallon
Proper, 2,400.00 square meters for Burgos and 4,000.00 square meters for Oscariz.
Although strategically located, the advantages and disadvantages of further development of the strip must be carefully considered because it will adversely
affect business, trade and investment in the minor central district.

The wet and dry market “talipapa” located at Gen. Aguinaldo serves the needs of the residents of Gen. Aguinaldo as well as neighboring barangays. It
occupies an area of 6,500.00 square meters of the total built-up area of barangay Gen. Aguinaldo.
The wet and dry market located at barangay Oscariz, on the other hand, caters to the needs of the residents of barangay Oscariz and adjacent barangays.
It occupies an area of 5,000 square meters.
Historical Data on Commercial Areas
As per survey, commercial areas in the municipality have expanded during the last five years, CY-2007-2012, to meet the growing needs of the consumers.
With the establishment of more commercial stores in Bugallon Proper, the area of the minor commercial business district (MCBD) expanded by 5,718.00
square meters. Correspondingly, the area of the commercial strip at barangay Burgos which serves as an extension of the MCBD also expanded by 580.00 square
meters to also meet the needs of the growing populace. There is no increase in the area of the wet and dry market at barangay Gen. Aguinaldo. Enough space is
still available at the market site.
On the contrary, the wet and dry market at barangay Oscariz slightly increased by 1,350.00 square meters with the establishment of several commercial
store, thereat.
Business Permits
The inventory of establishments legally granted permit by the local government to undergo business and trade for the last five (5) years (2008-2012) shows
an increase of 49 commercial establishments from 440 commercial establishments in 2008 to 489 in 2012. In year 2013 to 2015, there was an increase of
111.52% business registered through the working forced of the Office of the Treasury and Office of the Municipal Economic Enterprises Development. The last
three (3) years shows an increase of 522 business establishment from 495 in 2013 to 1,017 in 2015.
Commercial Establishments
The growth in the number of commercial establishments created more job opportunities for the residents of the municipality. Between 2008 and 2012, 135
additional jobs were generated.
Trading activities which increased by 26 establishments in 2012 is the most employed sector with 371 or an additional employment of 81 compared to the
290 employment figure in 2008. This accounts for 60.00% of the total increase of employment in commerce and trade.
Financial Intermediation followed next with an increase of 18 employments from the year 2008 to 2012 even though there was no increased in the number
of establishment.
Health and Social Work increase of 17 employments from 2008 to 2012.
Other economic/commercial establishments also grew in number but have lesser contribution in terms of employment generation compared to the three
sectors, wholesale trade and retail is the most employed sector with total revenue of ₱ 1,951,800.10.
Real Estate and Construction, on the other hand, has the least number of employment but rank as second in terms of revenue with a total of ₱890,759.65.
AGRICULTURE
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated process, both of which take place on global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in number of ways,
including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes, changes in pests and diseases, and changes in the nutrition quality of some
foods from agriculture.
The Agriculture & Fisheries Modernization Act (RA 8435) was signed into law with the primary objective to arrest the alarming trend responsible for the
dwindling agricultural productivity and shrinking farms, this is considered as well the Philippine Medium – Term Development Plan which seeks to enable farmers
and fisher folks in increasing their income and realizing for themselves a better quality of life.
Recognizing the vital importance of the municipality’s agricultural resources is the main focus of agricultural planning. The municipality is principally an
agriculture – based community of which approximately 9,756.61 hectares or 72.18% out of the municipality’s total land area of 13, 517.10 is of agricultural land
use. It is planned therefore, that as an agricultural community, its resources must be enhanced and conserved.
Crop Production
Latest survey provided by the Municipal Agriculture Office shows that the municipality’s crop production area is 9,756.61 hectares planted to food and high
value crops. The production area constitutes 72.18 % of the locality’s total land area.

Rice Production
Rice is the staple food of the municipality. Irrigated area devoted to rice production is 8,586.00 hectares which represents 88% of the total agricultural area.
This area is cultivated twice a year with an average production per cropping of 46,524,540.00 kilograms valued at ₱790,917,180.00. Production caters to local
markets. Palay bought by local palay traders are transported and sold to big time private traders in Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Metro Manila.
Calamities encounter will probably increase the risk of food security for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor and the needy.
 Corn Production
Area devoted to corn production is 900.01 hectares only, cropping intensity is twice a year. Average production is 1,032,270.00 kilograms valued at
₱12,387,240.00
Corn productivity exists only to six (6) barangays that has a slope category of 10% and above.
 Vegetables
A total area planted with vegetables year round is 15.60 hectares or 0.16% of the total agricultural production area yielding 280,800.00 kilos per cropping
valued at ₱ 3,369,600.00.
Vegetable production could not meet the current demand of the population, hence the people depend on vegetable produced from Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya
and neighboring municipalities in the province.
 Fruit Trees
An aggregate area of 253.00 hectares is planted with fruits. These fruits are seasonal with an approximate production of 1,639,200.00 kilos valued at
₱24,588,000.00. Fruits produced are mangoes, santol, duhat, oranges, pineapple and others.

 Root Crops
An aggregate area of 2.00 hectares is planted with root crops with an approximate volume of production per harvest of 132,500.00 kilos valued at
P1,325,000.00. Produced are cassava, camote, gabi, ube and other varieties that can adapt to climate change.
There are range of policies that can reduce the risk of negative climate change impacts on agriculture; and to reduce Green House Gases emissions from the
agriculture sector

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
MUNICIPAL-WIDE VULNERABILITY
Assessment Framework and Methodology
The Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment used by Municipality of Ramon focused on high risk areas identified in CLUP and LDRRM
Office based on the MGB assessment to the nineteen (19) barangays. In terms of flood susceptivility, eigtheen (18) barangays experience of flooding and five (5)
barangays are susceptible in terms to landslide and assessed their adaptive capacities, sensitivity, and exposure to climate change and its impacts.
Vulnerability is a function of three elements: the exposure and sensitivity of a system to hazadous conditions and the ability or capacity of the system to
cope/adapt or recover from the effect of those conditions (IPPC, 2007). The IPPC defdines Vulnerability to climate change as the degree to which geophysical,
biological and socio-economic systems are susceptible to and unable to cope with adverse impacts of climate change. The Planning for Climate Change tool of UN
Habitat defined the three elements of vulnerability, as follows:
Exposure: How a municipality is exposed to changes in the climate: what changes can already be observed, what will
the climate be like in the future? Exposure considers both current and projected changes based on a review of historic
and current climate information (precipitation, temperature, extreme weather events) and projected climate scenarios
for the city or region. It also identifies the climate change hazards associated with the change (drought, flooding,
increased frequency in storms) their biophysical manifestations (groundwater depletion, landslides, riverbank erosion,
coastal erosion, etc.), including their current and future magnitude and frequency.
Sensitivity: The degree to which exposed people, places, institutions and sectors are impacted, either positively or
negatively, by climate change today and the degree to which they could be impacted in the future. Sensitivity may be
immediately related to a change in climate (e.g. a change in city water supply due to climate change related
decreases in precipitation may leave 50% of the population without drinking water for 20 hours per day during dry
season).

Adaptive Capacity: The degree to which people, places, institutions, and sectors are able to adapt and become more resilient to climate
change impacts. Adaptive capacity typically is indicated by socio-economic and environmental factors and local realities that enable a city or
community to adjust its system in view of current and future risks and threats.
Figure 2. Vulnerability Framework
The vulnerability framework above is a simplified illustration of how vulnerability is a function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Written as a
basic formula, Vulnerability = (Exposure + Sensitivity) – Adaptive Capacity. As illustrated, the two triangles representing exposure and sensitivity overlap
creates vulnerability. Nonetheless, there are also many possible scenarios with both exposure and sensitivity (e.g., high exposure–limited sensitivity; limited
exposure-high sensitivity), and adaptive capacity. While a community’s ability to limit their exposure to climate change might be limited, they can reduce their
sensitivity and increase their adaptive capacity thus reducing overall vulnerability. The figure below summarizes how the relative vulnerability of Ramon was
evaluated.

Figure 3

GENERAL CLIMATE

The municipality falls under the ratio of the third types of climate. It is defined with seasons not very pronounced relatively long from December to April and
the rest of the year.
Figure 4
1000.7
AVERAGE SEASONAL RAINFALL CHANGES
984
1000
867
900 606.4
800 517.7
557.9
700
Observed (mm)
600 413.8 530.8
Projected in 2020
500 412.2 Projected in 2050
297.05210
400 325
300
200 Pro
100 Pro
0
D ec -J an Mar -Ap Ju n -J ul- Sep t-Oc
-Feb r-May Au g t-No v
Rainfall and Typhoon Occurrence
Amount of rainfall and its distribution are influenced by the Cagayan Basin Topography and the two (2) monsoon seasons. The Sierra Madre Mountains
intercept the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon produces heavy rainfall in the Cordillera Mountains. Based on 2011 NIA-DRD Magat data, peak
rainy month is in September with an average monthly rainfall of 467.00 mm. and the least is in April having an average monthly rainfall of 37.00 mm.

Basing on the 2011 data from NIA Reservoir (NIA-RDD), the occurrence of typhoons is centered within April to December with the highest frequency of
occurrence in June and September respectively.
TABLE NO. 2
Monthly Rainfall (mm)
Year 2011
MONTH MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION
RATE
January 46.00
February 64.00
March 62.00
April 37.00
May 152.00
June 72.00
July 327.00
August 156.00
September 467.00
October 309.00
November 222.00
December 232.00
Mean 178.00
TOTAL 2,324.00
SOURCE: NIA-DRD, Ramon, Isabela, 2011
The figure shows the observed significant increase in the precipitation volume per month for the past five (5) years. The average monthly rainfall is highest
during the month of September and lowest in the month of April.
Figure 5
Historical trends and Observed Changes in MEANS and Occurrences EXTREME EVENTS
32 31.6
30.9
30 29.5 29.5
28.8 28.7
28 27.9 27.6
26.9 26.8
26 observed
24.9
24 24.1 2020(2006
-2035)
22 2050(2036
DJF MAM JJA SON -2065)
Increase in Temperature
Climate projections of PAGASA reveal that the municipality experienced an increase in the average temperature between 0.5 to 0.8°C in CY 2015-2035
and up to 1.4-1.9°C in 2036-2065. This is approximately 24.6 and 30.4°C in 2015 and 2065, respectively. Days are becoming hotter as observed by many
throughout the municipality. For the past years, there are two (2) days that registered a temperature of 40°C and greater at Echague, Isabela dated May 18, 1990
& May 23, 2010 respectively. Projections on change in temperature and total frequency of extreme events are presented in the table below.

Figure 6
Frequency of Extreme Events in 2020-2050
9,000 8,573
8,000
7,000
6,513 6,580
6,000 5,119
5,000 3,930
4,000
3,000 2,769
2,000
1,000
0
6 25
No. of Days w/ Tmax>35◦C 22
No. of Dry Days
No. of days w/
Rainfall>200mm
Observed 2020 2050
The figure shows that in the year 2020-2050 that there will be an increase in the number of days with temperature higher than 35°C, Increase in El Niño
and La Niña episodes, Increase in the number of days without rain (dry days) and Increase in the number of days with rainfall volume of more than 150 mm.
Using historical trends, past accounts, and development patterns, the exposure of Ramon to climate change was analyzed and at least four major climate
change hazards were identified in the vulnerability assessment, namely: (a) flooding; (b) drought; (c) rain-induced landslide; (d) typhoon.
To better analyze the vulnerability of Ramon, Isabela in hazards, understanding the general topography and natural features is of primary importance. The
municipality of Ramon situated at 16.78° North Latitude, 121.54° East Longitude 97 meters elevation above sea level.

It has a total land area of 13,517.23 hectares. It is bounded on the north by the municipalities of San Mateo; on the east by the municipality of Alicia and
San Isidro; on the south by the City of Santiago and on the west by Diadi River which serves as the natural boundary between Ramon and Cordon, Isabela.
Northwestern part of the municipality is flanked by the mighty Magat River which serves as a natural boundary between Isabela and Ifugao Province.
Flooding
The rapid Geohazard Assessment conducted by the Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB) in all barangays of the municipality revealed that eighteen (18)
barangays have moderate risk in flooding susceptibility. The occurrence of flooding in these barangays are rarely to happen but if ever, has moderate
consequences and risk to human lives and properties especially agricultural crops, death of livestocks and poultries.
The informal settlers residing within the bounds of the watershed of the Magat Dam Reservoir which is considered a danger zone is at risk especially when there is
high occurrence of water due to constant raining. Sitio Isla Verde within the Magat Reservoir located at barangay Gen. Aguinaldo is noted to be at risk where water
reaches the houses when there is high occurrence of water due to constant raining. A total of 200 households are at stake.
Only barangay Villa Beltran is safe from flooding because of its high elevation. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources had identified eighteen (18) barangays near the Magat Dam has slight risk in flooding. During heavy rain downpour, floodwaters reach less
than one-meter inundation submerging approximately 431.13 hectares for several days. Barangay Bantug is the most affected with floodwaters reaching as high
as 0.5 meters totally submerging 55.20 hectares or 10% of the barangay.
Fortunately, these barangays have existing government facilities which could be used as evacuation centers during extreme emergencies. In terms of flood
susceptibility, eighteen (18) barangays susceptible.
Typhoons
Typhoon is noted to be the most risky which occur most frequently during the period from June to December. These typhoons brought severe devastation
of agricultural crops, damage of properties and infrastructure facilities, floods and landslides are the aftermaths of typhoons due to continuous downpour of storm
water.
Destructive typhoons occasionally visit the municipality bringing moderate risk to human lives and disruption of the operation of government and private
entities due to damage roads and bridges, communication facilities, interruption of power supply, institutional buildings and structures and other related facilities.
However, may bring extreme damage to properties and agricultural crops, death of livestocks and poultries.

Devastation of agricultural crops brought extreme impact to the municipality being a prime agricultural community. Low productivity and low income of
farmers which leads to food insufficiency which redounds to increased poverty not only to Ramon but to the whole country.
Table 3. HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES OF HAZARDS/DISASTERS
Hazards/Disasters Date of Number Number No. of Damage to Properties

Occurre of of Hous Livestock Crops Fishery Infrastructure
nce Casualt Person es and
ies s Dama Poultry (Has.) (P) (P)
Affecte ged (Has.)
d
1. Flooding Typhoon: 0 4,307 119 153,000.00 8,016.68 1,050,000.00
Pedring
& Quiel
(2011)
2. Typhoon Pedring 0 4,307 119 153,000.00 8,016.68 1,050,000.00
& Quiel
(2011)
3. Landslide 0 - - - - - -
4. Drought 2010 - - - - 30.00 6,000,000.0 -
0
SOURCE: MAO/MSWDO
Table above manifests that typhoon is the most disastrous among the hazards that occur in the municipality resulting to severe damage of crops and
properties, flooding and landslides are the aftermath of it. A minimum of four (4) typhoons visited the municipality every year. Data appearing above shows only the
typhoons with strong intensity that strongly damaged crops and properties and infrastructures.
On September 29, 2011, a super typhoon Pedring devastated the municipality and two (2) days after, another strong typhoon Quiel with same strength
frightened the people of Ramon. Millions worth of fishponds were at once destroyed, hundreds of families lost their houses and thousands hectares of crops were
devastated.

Rain Induced Landslides
In terms of landslide susceptibility, five (5) barangays, Bugallon Norte, Bugallon Proper, Gen. Aguinaldo, Planas and Villa Carmen have risk of landslide
occurrence.
Sitio Wawa located at barangay Planas lying along the mid-slope of Dallao Mountain has moderate landslide susceptibility. Its elevation is about 160 meters above
sea level and about 600 meters northwest of the barangay proper. The situation will pose moderate risk to human lives, properties as well as interruption of
government operations. Constant monitoring of these barangays during the occurrence of typhoons which cause landslide is necessary to determine the proper
measures to be undertaken to mitigate damages.
The other four (4) barangays were assessed to have low risk to landslide susceptibility. Deaths or injuries, damages to properties and interruption of
government and private entities operation are very rarely to happen. Nevertheless, there is also the need to improve hazards information and communications in
these barangays for the residents to be ready at all times. And the remaining thirteen (13) barangays are safe from landslide due to their relatively flat terrain.
Drought
Drought rarely appears in the municipality but may bring moderate impact to properties especially to aquaculture production which lead to fish kill and low
income of fishermen.
Agricultural crops were not severely affected because of the drainage canals which provide irrigation water to agricultural lands.
The El Niño phenomenon is also one of the worries of not only farmers but also fishermen. Though drought occurs every after twelve years, it also severely
affects aquaculture production in the entire municipality. In year 2010 there were 30 hectares affected by long dry spell, approximately six million pesos were
damaged to fishery. In year 2015, the province of Isabela was stated under calamity due to drought. Many farmers were affected by this calamity especially the
corn farm owners. The Magat Reservoir cannot support the demands of the water supply in agricultural area particularly in the low lying areas, there were 3,084
hectares were affected at stake.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Aside from the exposure to climate change, the vulnerability of Ramon will also be characterized by its socio-economic condition. The sensitivity
assessment was conducted by analysing the five development sectors, as follows: (a) Social, (b) Economic, (c) Environment, (d) Infrastructure, and (e) Land Use.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
Population in Ramon has grown from 45,258 in 2007 to 49,812 in 2010. Although Ramon has a relatively low population density, it also shows a low
average population growth rate at 3.25 %, and a large number of new inhabitants, especially in the urban core and growth centers.
Poverty
The quality of life and the level of human development are crucial indicators of the Municipality’s sensitivity to climate change. Poverty incidence is
measured as “the proportion of families/population with per capita income less than the per capita poverty threshold to the total number of families/population”.
Meanwhile, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) also shows the number of disadvantaged families in 19 barangays.
The municipality has a total of 5,441 families living below the poverty threshold or 53.25% of the total family population. This family has fewer options in
preparations and response to disaster related incidents and less resilient due to financial constraints.

Table 4. LIST OF 4P MEMBER
BARANGAY No. of 4p Beneficiary

Urban Rural Total
Ambatali 77 77
Bantug 55 55
Bugallon Norte 43 43
Bugallon Proper 81 81
Burgos 86 86
General Aguinaldo 137 137
Nagbacalan 50 50
Oscariz 43 43
Pabil 35 35
Pagrang-ayan 73 73
Planas 80 80
Purok ni Bulan 14 14
Raniag 85 85
San Antonio 59 59
San Miguel 132 132
San Sebastian 33 33
Villa Beltran 13 13
Villa Carmen 32 32
Villa Marcos 32 32
Total 124 1,036 1160
SOURCE: MSWD Office Data
In barangay General Aguinaldo, 44 members were identified at risk and vulnerable to flood. These members specifically reside at Isla Verde and 40
members at Barangay Planas in Sitio Wawa are prone to landslide. The data above shows that the highest magnitude of poverty can be observed at barangay
General Aguinaldo with 137 beneficiaries. Most of them are live at the riverside at Isla Verde.

Income below Poverty
Table 5. Poverty, by Barangay

households with income below poverty threshold*
Barangay number of households
Magnitude* Proportion**
RAMON 10218 5441 53.25
Ambatali 719 318 44.23
Bantug 215 149 69.3
Bugallon Norte 973 451 46.35
Burgos 526 299 56.84
Nagbacalan 274 182 66.42
Oscariz 651 308 47.31
Pabil 160 102 63.75
Pagrang-ayan 493 288 58.42
Planas 536 339 63.25
Purok ni Bulan 152 105 69.08
Raniag 1058 579 54.73
San Antonio 364 217 59.62
San Miguel 887 510 57.5
San Sebastian 305 203 66.56
Villa Beltran 177 131 74.01
Villa Carmen 277 132 47.65
Villa Marcos 176 119 67.61
General Aguinaldo 920 510 55.43
Bugallon Proper (Pob.) 1355 499 36.83
*Households with income below poverty threshold. Current thresholds are estimated, when the official is not applicable to the reference period,
by projecting the official NSCB thresholds using prevailing prices. The currently used poverty thresholds are: 19736 (Rural) and 20779 (Urban).
**Number of households with income below poverty threshold over total number of households
Source: CBMS Census 2012 – 2014

Table 6: Access to water
Source of drinking water*

Source of Drinking Water No. of Magnitude* Proportion**
Househo
ld
Total No. of Household
10,218
Own use faucet, community 188 1.84
water
System
Shared faucet, community water 144 1.41
System
Own use tubed/piped deep well 2,390 23.39
Shared tubed/piped deep well 3,095 30.29
Tubed/piped shallow well 1,542 15.09
Dug well 10 0.1
Protected spring 65 0.64
Unprotected spring 3 0.03
Lake, river, rain, and others 1 0.01
Peddler 2 0.02
Bottled water 2,862 28.01
Others 10 0.1
*Type of source of water
**Number of households by source of drinking water over total number of households
Source: CBMS Census 2012-2014
Table above shows Household by Main Source of Potable water: Based on the CBMS, 188 or 1.84% of the total number of households is served by
Ramon Water District; 144 or 1.41% use shared faucet from community water system; 2,390 or 23.39% get their potable water from deep wells; while 3,095 or
30.29% shared from deep wells; and 1,542 or 15.09% using shallow well. Based on observation the highest percentage access to water is from shared use
tube/piped deep well.

Housing and Informal Settlements
As of 2014 most of the informal settlers are found in the sitio of Isla Verde and Camp Vizcarra. There are 200 families reside in Isla Verde and 7 families at
Camp Vizcarra. The local government plans to resettle these residents at barangay San Miguel and Villa Marcos.
Presently, there are four (4) identified potential resettlement areas of Ramon to cater the housing needs of the identified beneficiaries/homeless and to
address the housing backlog of the municipality.
Public proposed resettlement areas are located in barangays San Miguel and Villa Marcos. Barangay San Miguel has a total area of 6.00 hectares and an
estimated housing units of 500 while Barangay Villa Marcos has a total area of 1.40 hectares with an estimated housing units of 120.
Mc John Village CMP located at Barangay Bugallon Proper has a total area of 1.633 hectares with an estimated housing units of 238 and New York Heights
Subdivision at National Highway, Bugallon Proper, Ramon, Isabela with an area of 4.0967 hectares more or less with an estimated housing units of 347.
Health, Nutrition, and Sanitation
The provision and delivery of primary health services to the residents of the nineteen (19) barangays in the Municipality is being spearheaded by the
Municipality Health Office.
A Phil Health- Accredited Facility, the Rural Health Unit is located at the poblacion area providing laboratory and dental services and lately serving as lying-
in center. It is manned by a Municipal Health Officer, (4) Public Health Nurses, (5) Rural Health Midwives, (1) Registered Pharmacist; (1) Medical Technologist, (1)
Sanitary Inspector, (21) other medical personnel (job orders), 1-utility worker and ambulance drivers. Dental services are being provided by a Dentist and a Dental
Aide.
Emergency cases and critical health problems were immediately acted upon and patients were quickly brought to hospitals and clinics for treatment with the
presence of two (2) ambulance van.

Health care services and nutrition related activities are also made accessible with the presence of Barangay Health Centers/Stations of the barangays of
Ramon. Each barangay is being manned by a well-trained Rural Health Midwife with the assistance of a group of accredited Barangay Health Workers and
Barangay Nutrition Scholars.
In addition to this, one private hospital and four (4) private clinics are present and ready to give health services to the constituents in emergency cases.
On the other hand, the delivery of social welfare services in the municipality is being spearheaded by the Municipal Social Welfare & Development Officer
which supervises the operation of thirty (30) day care/ feeding centers in the different barangays.
Moreover, the Office of the Senior Citizens Affair is presently house within the municipal compound is also operational and it is fully supported with the
provision of an annual funding assistance from the Local Government.
Social Welfare
Disadvantaged families, women, children, elderly and PWDs are most of the time displaced during times hazard occurrences. Flood incidence incurred
additional resources for social intervention such as psychosocial activities, financial and food assistance. It is also noted that there has been reversion of funds for
calamity relief and assistance which are intended for planned development projects Ramon had 241 poor persons with disabilities. Persons with disability are
among the poorest of the poor since they have limited access to employment and education (2014 Community Based Monitoring System-CBMS, MPDC)
Lack of community-based information that would generate profile of families especially those living in disaster-prone areas is among the identified gaps that
increase the risk of being affected by climate change and its impacts. Knowing the socio-economic conditions of the people will determine their sensitivity to
climate change hazards.
The tables 7and 8 show the details of risks brought about by climate change hazards under the social sector. Risk is defined as consequence (impact)
multiplied by its likelihood (probability). This means that the higher the probability of occurrence of an impact, the higher is its risk. Through an impact analysis,
which is also discussed per sector in this report, overlaid by the hazard maps produced by MGB, which describes the probability of these hazards occurring in
Ramon (very high to low susceptibility to hazards), risks were estimated per barangay. The location of at risk areas were identified from the medium to highly
susceptible hazard prone areas of MGB which are also highly affected by past flooding events and given its current socio-economic conditions will be more
sensitive to the impacts of climate change hazards.

It can be noted that Ambatali, Bantug, Gen. Aguinaldo, and Oscariz have the most registered the highest number of at risk people, places, institutions, key
community facilities and ecosystem services to flooding.
Table 7
WATERSHED/LOW LOCATION OF AT RISK ESTIMATED FACILITIES & INSTITUTIONS
LYING AREAS AREAS NO. OF AT RISK
PEOPLE AT
RISK (HH
Popn.)
1. Ambatali 5 Housing Units
Magat 2. Bantug 75 Housing Units
River 3. Bugallon Norte 1 Housing Unit,
And Low lying areas 4. Gen. Aguinaldo 57 Housing Units, School, Chapel
5. Pabil 1 Housing Unit
6. Oscariz 38 Housing Units
Source: CBMS and DSWDO
In the Six (6) identified barangays, there are (3) three low lying barangays that totally submerged by flooding. There are three (3) barangays on the other
hand, that are partially affected by flood.
Table 8: RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDES
LOCATION OF AT RISK AREAS ESTIMATED NO. FACILITIES & INSTITUTIONS

OF
PEOPLE AT
RISK (HH Popn.)
 Bugallon Norte 1 Housing Units
 Proper 1 Housing Units
 Gen. Aguinaldo 2 Housing Units
 Planas 3 Housing Units
 Villa Carmen 1 Housing Units

The hilly part of barangay Planas has moderate risk to Landslide susceptibility and four(4) barangays were assessed to low risk to landslide susceptibility.
Death or injuries, damage to properties and interruption to government and private entities operation are very rarely to happen.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
Agricultural Production
Agricultural production in 19 barangays covering 1,531 farmer/households with 414 people is being affected by flooding/flash floods. From 2010-2011,
damage to crops (rice & corn) has been estimated at 5,704,593 million pesos , in year 2015, there were 105 hectares which cover rice and corn and about
8,085,000 . The municipality’s capacity to absorb rain water is only up to 100 mm of rainfall. Establishing planting calendar is imperative to mitigate the effects of
floods.
Considering that the Municipality as an agricultural area, majority of the household depends on farming as their primary source of livelihood, thus,
submergence varieties which could stand up to three (3) days of flood has been adopted. Other deterrent factors include land conversion and crop shifting, and the
culture of some farmers who do not follow the planting calendar. Further impacts could result in food shortage, low supply of agricultural products and the need for
additional investments in terms of seedlings and other farm inputs to cope up with the damage. All these would ultimately bring low household income or food
threshold to farmers.
Series of flooding in the lowland areas affected the annual harvest of lowland rice and corn in Ramon. Continuous rainfall in the uplands has resulted to
landslides.
Irrigation
In Ramon, precipitation rate is projected to increase from September to November and decrease from December to January. Warmer summer seasons will
lead to greater demand for irrigation in agricultural areas. Crops could decrease in yields whenever temperatures have exceeded threshold values and possibly
result to spikelet sterility, as in the case of rice. This will put more pressure on groundwater supplies. Either lower rates of recharge to groundwater supplies or
water stress (quantity and quality), which in turn, will most likely cascade into more adverse impacts, particularly on forestry, agriculture and livelihood, health, and
human settlement.
Ground water depletion and drought are affecting the crop production of farmers. The effect more likely is the intrusion of pest and diseases to crops and in
turn, low in production.

Commerce, Trade, and Industry
Flooding in the agricultural part of Ramon, Isabela causes damage to crops. Interruptions in major transportation networks are also challenging the
commerce and industry sector at riverside barangays which is situated in the low-lying portions of Magat River. For Commerce and Trade, almost 25 at risk
business lines (registered and unregistered) occupying 14 hectares are located in Riverside at sitio Isla Verde with total capitalization amounting to more or less
five (5) million pesos. About 7,688 Agricultural Land (rice & corn area) more or less.
Table 9: Summary of Elements at Risks in barangay of Ramon
Crops
Drought Flooding Drought Flooding Total Php Value
Barangay Php Php
Rice & Corn Rice & Corn Rice & Corn Rice & Corn
(has) (has)
1. Ambatali 102.86 25 1,598,759.00 1,925,000.00 9,523,759.00
2. Bantug 465.26 20 35,825,020.00 1,540,000.00 37,365,020.00
3. Bugallon Norte 482.35 37,340,950.00 37,340,950.00
4. Bugallon Proper 518.34 39,912,180.00 39,912,180.00
5. Burgos 539.72 41,327,440.00 41,327,440.00
6. General Aguinaldo 274.75 15,765,750.00 15,765,750.00
7. Nagbacalan 436.46 33,607,420.00 33,607,420.00
8. Oscariz 459 40 35,543,000.00 3,080,000.00 38,623,000.00
9. Pabil 328 25,256,000.00 25,256,000.00
10. Pagrang-ayan 394.98 29,056,160.00 29,056,160.00
11. Planas 229 1,6425,500.00 1,6425,500.00
12. Purok ni Bulan 207.44 15,972,880.00 15,972,880.00
13. Raniag 802.74 61,810,980.00 61,810,980.00
14. San Antonio 428.31 32,979,870.00 32,979,870.00
15. San Miguel 1,067 20 81,062,500.00 1,540,000.00 82,602,500.00
16. San Sebastian 352.55 18,137,350.00 18,137,350.00
17. Villa Beltran 197.70 15,222,900.00 15,222,900.00
18. Villa Carmen 328.18 24,114,860.00 24,114,860.00

19. Villa Marcos 342 26,334,000.00 26,334,000.00

Total 7,956.64 105 587,293,519.00 8,085,000.00 601,378,519.00
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office
Table 10: Summary of Elements at Risks in barangay of Ramon
Piggery
No. of Piggery No. of Heads Php Value
Barangay
1. Ambatali 80 633
2. Bantug 30 259
3. Bugallon Norte 76 273
4. Bugallon Proper 120 807
5. Burgos 45 287
6. General Aguinaldo 150 892
7. Nagbacalan 50 246
8. Oscariz 35 208
9. Pabil 20 52 No
10. Pagrang-ayan 45 288 Data
11. Planas 45 286 Available
12. Purok ni Bulan 90 492
13. Raniag 132 574
14. San Antonio 100 394
15. San Miguel 150 553
16. San Sebastian 50 244
17. Villa Beltran 38 244
18. Villa Carmen 70 309
19. Villa Marcos 30 107
Total 1,356 7,148
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office

Table 11
Business (Registered)
Barangay
No. of Business Lines Php Value
1. Ambatali 32
2. Bantug 12
3. Bugallon Norte 70
4. Bugallon Proper 1,434
5. Burgos 43
6. General Aguinaldo 52 No
7. Nagbacalan 16 Data
8. Oscariz 54 Available
9. Pabil 12
10.Pagrang-ayan 25
11.Planas 24
12.Purok ni Bulan 8
13.Raniag 107
14.San Antonio 22
15.San Miguel 60
16.San Sebastian 20
17.Villa Beltran 11
18.Villa Carmen 24
19.Villa Marcos 8
Total 1,017
Source: EEDMO/BPLO (2015

Soil Fertility
Landslide events also result to reduction in soil fertility due to the dislodgment of topsoil, resulting to impairment of regenerative capacity of the forest. While
some areas could have a longer time to recuperate, other areas may not have the ability to regrowth. This could have a long-term impact on the habitat of wildlife
and so with the capacity of the forest to absorb carbon dioxide. The deteriorating soil fertility will also result to subsequent loss of forest-based livelihood or
possible displacement of upland dwellers. Either way, encroachment to another forest area is an eventual negative effect to impairment of regenerative capacity of
the forest.
Waste Management
Solid waste displacement is also an impact brought about by flooding when proper solid waste disposal is not practiced. If uncollected, a total amount of
wastes generated by all sectors in the Municipality of Ramon is about 18,256 kg per day is potentially at risk of being washed away. This can potentially impair
drainage systems in the urban area that could aggravate further flooding. Moreover, Magat River could be at risk of water contamination which of poses a very
serious risk to the residents particularly the children.
Solid waste collection in Ramon is done only in the market and in the urban core composed of two (2) barangays (Barangays Bugallon Norte and Bugallon
Proper) through pick-up service of municipal garbage trucks (consisting of dump/compactor trucks) and disposing it to the Controlled dumpsite (“hakot-tambak”
scheme). The collection of garbage is done daily from the public market and along National high ways. Currently, the kind of waste being collected and disposed to
the dumpsite is mixed because there is no strict segregation of waste being imposed by the LGU. The other remaining barangays not covered by garbage
collection manage their waste through dumping in individual pits, composting, burning, burying, feeding to animals, throwing to vacant lots and rivers and creeks.
At present, a central Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) is being established at Barangay San Miguel about 21 kilometers away from the municipality’s
collection area. Most of the recyclable materials are being collected by individuals within the collection area and from households. The wastes collected by the
people or the “bote’t dyaryo” sellers are brought to buyers or junkshop operators to be sold. Although there is no formal waste segregation being imposed by the
LGU, some of the households who still re-use or sell their wastes informally segregate or separate them from non-reusable materials.

Table 12
Hazard/CC Driver Elements at Location of at Risk Areas Estimated Area

Risk
Land Resources Hectares
 typhoon Human 19 barangay 535.05
settlement
 Temp increase Soil fertility Entire Municipality
Water Resources
 Flooding Livestock
Fisheries
Water surface Magat Dam Reservoir
Infrastructures
 Landslide Crops and Bugaloon Norte, Bugallon
housing unit Proper, Gen. Aguinaldo,
Planas (Sitio Wawa) and
Villa Carmen
 Water Channel Magat Dam
Reservior
 Temp increase Soil (fertility)
Waste Management Dump Site
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
Generally, the Infrastructure Sector is affected by the following hazards: (a) flooding (b) rain-induced landslides (c) drought (d) typhoon.

The tables 13, 14 and 15 show the summary of at risk infrastructure facilities and systems for each barangay. The data highlights the low lying barangays in
Ramon which are threatened by various climate change hazards.
Flood Control and Drainage System
The report of the Municipality Engineer’s Office (MEO) indicated that Ramon experienced monthly precipitation. Thus, some of the streets in the urban area
are flooded. However, the MEO noted that flood water does not stay long on the streets as it eventually subsides in just a matter of hour or two. Thus, according to
MEO, the municipality’s drainage system is practically working and functioning.
The development in a flood hazard area should be avoided if the earthworks and infrastructure required to attain an acceptable level of flood immunity
significantly alter the natural flow and have an unacceptable effect on environmental values.
Roads and Bridges
Flooded road and over flow of bridges are causing disruption of mobility, affecting daily activities and business operations in the Municipality. Flooding of
warehouses of food stocks can also result to food unavailability and inaccessibility. Flooded streets also results to traffic congestion, thus perishable goods and
commodities are at risk. Quality of these products are affected and deteriorated which would cause decrease on market value and eventually provide lower
income.
Energy and Power Generation
Location of electrical poles along flooding barangays by number of households connected to Isabela Electric Cooperatives which are at risk to flooding and
typhoon. At present, there is no incidence of electrical posts damaged due to flooding even in the most vulnerable areas. It is noted however, during typhoons, the
breakdown of numerous electric posts caused by strong winds. Usually, power supply is interrupted when typhoon occurs with a speed of 213-240km/hour.

Table 13
FLOODING No. of Barangays No. of Facilities
 TRANSPORTATION
- Roads 6
- Bridges 4
 Electrical Poles
 Water Facilities 19 1,542 Dug wells/Pump wells
 Communication Facilities 5 7 Cell sites
Table 14
RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE No. Barangays No. of Facilities
Housing units 4
Table 15
Strong Winds Locations No. of Facilities
Communication facilities Ambatali 1

Bugallon Proper 2
Gen. Aguinaldo 2
Oscariz 1
Raniag 1
LAND USE SECTOR

.
CLUP indicated the following conditions that make areas more vulnerable to flooding:
1. Low-lying parts of major floodplains beside river or creek systems

2. Areas where there is steep topography, little vegetation and experience high-intensity, short duration rain may be susceptible to flash floods
3. Deforestation, land use/crop conversion in the upland portion of Watershed Areas
Built-up Areas
The built-up area of the municipality is comprised residential, commercial, institutional, parks and open spaces and other inherent component of a
settlement area. This likewise includes group of at least ten (10) dwelling units.
This built- up areas are found mostly within the urban barangays and along roadside of different barangays. It has an approximate area of 504.630
hectares.
Residential
Flooding in residential areas may cause damage to houses and properties of residents but has also resulted to loss of lives and spread of water-borne
diseases. Further, flooding in the settlement areas has caused the disruption of mobility, which not only disturbed the transportation of people, goods and
commodities but also affected the livelihood of the people as well as their access to basic social services. Flooding most often result to displacement of affected
families.
After a series of flooding in the low-lying barangays of the municipality, many residential zones have been proven to be situated in the flood prone areas,
hence unsafe and non-conducive for dwelling. While some families still prefer to stay in these risky and dangerous areas, government intervention through
resettlement and relocation programs were being undertaken. The increase in the transfer of residence and relocation activities in Core Shelter projects has

resulted to the decrease in land value of high risk areas and the shooting up of the prices of land in safe areas. Further, most of the houses of the poor in urban
areas and communities are either made of makeshift materials or light materials which are susceptible to damage that could be brought about by strong tropical
winds and heavy rains.
A total of 239 hectares located in 5 barangays are identified to be at low risk to flooding while 19.02 hectares of residential and agricultural areas fall within
moderate and low susceptibility to soil erosion areas based on the analysis of the Barangay Captains/Councils of Ambatali, Bantug, Gen. Aguinaldo, San Miguel
and Oscariz
Commercial and Industrial Areas
The area occupied for commercial use is 1.33 hectares of the total urban area of the municipality while 0.07 hectare of its total urban area is presently used
for various industries. Barangay Bugallon Proper is presently the center of commerce and/or trade, with commercial structures built along highways and major
roads and highways indicating a ribbon type developmental pattern in the place. The commercial establishments vary from generally small, medium and large
commercial complexes.
Many of the residences in the poblacion are gradually being converted into commercial buildings or residences cum store to take advantage of their prime
location. Commercial spaces where businesses operate are located in the urban core where most of the residential areas are also concentrated. It is noted that
commercial structures which are technically sound would have greater resilience to these exposures especially when it was factored in the structural designs.
Minimal case of flooding was recorded in Ramon due to its high elevated area.
Agricultural Areas
Climate stresses faced by the agricultural zone are mainly associated with flooding and strong winds. A total of 11,976.48 hectares of land is identified to
be at risk to long, severe and frequent drought occurrences, while 4 barangays with agricultural lands are at risk to flooding. Agricultural areas along the rivers
have washed out crops resulting to reduced crop productivity (rice, corn and tobacco) low income of farmers and quality of produce affected.
Summary of Elements at Risk per Land Use Category

1. Table 16: Flooding
Barangay Residential Commercial Industrial Agricultural Total (has)
1. Ambatali 73.37 17.55 0.75 873.38 965.05
2. Bantug 38.52 0.04 2.63 478.03 519.22
3. Gen. Aguinaldo 85.04 5 5.59 945.72 1,041.35
4. Oscariz 39.09 0.34 495.78 535.21

Total 236.02 22.93 8.97 2,792.91 3,060.83
2. Table 17: Rain-Induced Landslides

Barangay Residential Commercial Industrial Agricultural Total
(has)
1. Bugallon Norte 3.85 512.65 516.50
2. Bugallon Proper 56.43 1.33 0.07 754.96 812.79
3. Gen. Aguinaldo 85.04 5.00 5.59 945.72 1,041.35
4. Planas 19.02 0.01 348.89 367.92
5. Villa Carmen 12.12 707.04 719.16
Total 176.46 6.34 5.66 3,269.26 3,457.72
3. Table 18: Drought

1. Ambatali 73.37 17.55 0.75 873.38 965.05
2. Bantug 38.52 0.04 2.63 478.03 519.22
3. Bugallon Norte 3.85 512.65 516.50
4. Bugallon Proper 56.43 1.33 0.07 754.96 812.79
5. Burgos 21.66 3.98 0.10 714.86 740.60
6. Gen. Aguinaldo 85.04 5.00 5.59 945.72 1,041.35
7. Nagbacalan 6.91 645.07 651.98
8. Oscariz 39.09 0.34 495.78 535.21
9. Pabil 4.30 0.03 2.75 330.10 337.18
10. Pagrang-ayan 11.67 2.97 765.53 780.17
11. Planas 19.02 0.01 348.89 367.92
12. Purok ni Bulan 6.65 212.81 219.46

13. Raniag 37.22 7.94 1.84 1,015.72 1,062.72

14. San Antonio 33.23 0.52 0.07 993.89 1,027.71
15. San Miguel 72.11 1,321.99 1,394.10
16. San Sebastian 9.19 3.05 615.61 628.57
17. Villa Beltran 2.54 244.23 246.77
18. Villa Carmen 12.12 707.04 719.16
19. Villa Marcos 1.41 0.22 1.63
Total 535.05 42.76 13.80 11,976.48 12,568.09
4. Table 19: Typhoon

1. Ambatali 73.37 17.55 0.75 873.38 965.05
2. Bantug 38.52 0.04 2.63 478.03 519.22
3. Bugallon Norte 3.85 512.65 516.50
4. Bugallon Proper 56.43 1.33 0.07 754.96 812.79
5. Burgos 21.66 3.98 0.10 714.86 740.60
6. Gen. Aguinaldo 85.04 5.00 5.59 945.72 1,041.35
7. Nagbacalan 6.91 645.07 651.98
8. Oscariz 39.09 0.34 495.78 535.21
9. Pabil 4.30 0.03 2.75 330.10 337.18
10. Pagrang-ayan 11.67 2.97 765.53 780.17
11. Planas 19.02 0.01 348.89 367.92
12. Purok ni Bulan 6.65 212.81 219.46
13. Raniag 37.22 7.94 1.84 1,015.72 1,062.72
14. San Antonio 33.23 0.52 0.07 993.89 1,027.71
15. San Miguel 72.11 1,321.99 1,394.10
16. San Sebastian 9.19 3.05 615.61 628.57
17. Villa Beltran 2.54 244.23 246.77
18. Villa Carmen 12.12 707.04 719.16

19. Villa Marcos 1.41 0.22 1.63

Total 535.05 42.76 13.80 11,976.48 12,568.09
Table 20: Summary of Sensitivity Drivers

Sensitivity Drivers/Stressors
Sectors Flooding, Typhoon, Rain-induced Drought
Landslide/Soil Erosion
 Clogged Drainage
 Settlements in low lying areas  Residents are dependents on

Social agriculture and fisheries
 Light housing materials
 High age dependency ratio
 Volume of improper solid waste disposal
Economic  Conversion of land areas for urban uses  Conversion of land areas for urban
areas
 Clogged drainage
 Low functionality of irrigation support
 Drainage master plan has not
Infrastructure incorporated climate change scenario  Crop resistance variety
 Non-compliance of building code

Land Use  Improper use of agricultural land
 Improper use of agricultural lands
 Unregulated land use conversion

 Absence of tree planting activities to rural
Environment areas  Air and water pollution

 Improper solid waste disposal
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ANALYSIS
With background information collected and reviewed, a quantitative assessment of adaptive capacity relative to specific climate hazards was then
conducted in consultation with the core planning team and stakeholders. The assessment used a rating scale to have a general understanding of the factors
affecting adaptive capacity, as follows: high (5), medium-high (4), medium (3), medium-low (2), and low (1). The assessment was conducted with a wider
stakeholder group to create definitions of what constitutes a high-medium-low score. The results of the quantitative assessment will be used to assess overall
vulnerability in later steps. The full assessment including the adaptive capacity evidences for each development sector are found in the annex. Meanwhile, the
summary of the AC Quantitative assessment are provided in the tables below.
Table 21: Adaptive Capacity for SOCIAL Sector
Adaptive HAZARDS
Capacity Flooding Typhoon RAIN INDUCED Drought
Dimension LANDSLIDE
Wealth 4 4 3 4
Information 4 5 3 4
Technology 4 3 3 5
Institution and 4 4 4 3
Governance
Social Capital 4 4 5 5
Infrastructure 3 3 3 3
Average AC 3.83 3.83 3.50 4
score per Hazard

Table 22: Adaptive Capacity for ECONOMIC Sector
Adaptive HAZARDS
Dimension LANDSLIDE
Wealth 4 4 3 4
Information 4 5 3 4
Technology 4 3 3 5
Governance
Average AC 3.83 3.83 3.50 4
score per Hazard
Table 23: Adaptive Capacity for ENVIRONMENT Sector
Adaptive HAZARDS
Dimension LANDSLIDE
Wealth 3 3 4 4
Information 3 5 3 4
Technology 2 5 2 2
Governance

Average AC 2.67 4.17 3 3.33

score per Hazard
To sum up, the Environment Sector has the highest adaptive capacity to typhoon and lowest to rain induced landslide. Similarly, the sector can adapt quite
well to drought as the municipality has implemented measures to prevent water depletion.
Table 24: Adaptive Capacity for INFRASTRUCTURE Sector
Adaptive HAZARDS
Dimension LANDSLIDE
Wealth 4 4 4 4
Information 3 4 4 4
Technology 3 3 3 2
Governance
Average AC 3.67 3.83 3.83 3.33
score per Hazard
With regards to Infrastructure, the scores ranged from medium high to medium across all hazards. The sector’s adaptive capacity to flooding and rain-
induced landslide in terms of Social Capital is medium high as there are plenty of human resources (agencies and organizations) readily available to address the
threats.

Table 25: Adaptive Capacity for LAND USE Sector
Adaptive HAZARDS
Dimension LANDSLIDE
Wealth 3 4 3 4
Information 5 5 3 4
Technology 3 3 3 5
Governance
Average AC 3.83 3.83 3.50 4
score per Hazard
In the Wealth dimension, the sector adapts better to typhoon and drought than to rain-induced landslides and flooding. This is largely attributed to the
municipality’s vast land area that allows for more generation of revenues and expansion of urban land use. In addition, there is sufficient budget for the
development of relocation sites for potentially or actually displaced constituents.

Table 26: RELATIVE VULNERABILITY COMPUTATION
EXPOSURE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY VULNERABILITY

CLIMATE THREAT ADAPTIVE CAPACITY RELATIVE VULNERABILITY
CHANGE HAZARD LEVEL RATING RATING
Flooding 3 3.83 0.78

Typhoon 4 3.83 1.04
Landslide/Soil 3 3.50 0.86
Erosion
Drought 5 4 1.25
In terms of wealth, the municipality can confidently adapt to climate change impacts in terms of flooding and typhoon. The municipality scored medium high
in terms of threat level while the rest scored medium and low respectively. The prime evidences include high literacy and employment rates, manageable poverty
incidence, and generous funding. The municipal government has allocated a sufficient budget to strengthen their adaptive capacities to flooding and typhoons.
The sector’s technological strengths to hazards mainly include equipment, disaster paraphernalia and technical/manpower capability. These prove most
favorable in flooding, typhoons and quite fairly in rain-induced landslides and drought.
Considering the presence of functional social service committees, CSOs, sectorial groups, and various assistance programs, Institutions has a medium
high adaptive capacity to flooding and a notch lower in other hazards. The municipality’s adaptive capacity to hazards is when it comes to Information, judging by
the DRRM plan and the availability and sharing of data through IECs. Moreover, the municipality’s impressive literacy rate assures that many people know and
understand better.
With regards to infrastructure, adaptive capacities naturally scored medium in flooding, typhoon and Rain-induced landslide and soil erosion since there are
several facilities readily available to cope with the impacts. Some of which are resettlement homes, evacuation sites, healthcare centers, and the ongoing

restoration and construction of Magat river control and plenty of human resources (agencies and organizations) readily available to address the threats.
Meanwhile, adaptive capacity in drought was scored medium.
Adaptive capacity in terms of Social Capital is strong with four hazards. Scoring was based on the presence of a numerous of CSOs/NGOs, lending
institutions and microfinance, and functional committees at the barangay level. All things considered, the Social Sector’s adaptive capacity fared well in all four
hazards, with scores rounding off to high.
Unlike other sectors, the Information Sector rated second their adaptive capacities per indicator/evidence and then computed for the average to come up
with a score for every dimension. In terms of wealth, the sector’s adaptive capacity to rain induced landslide scored the lowest due to insufficient funding and
budget allocation. Contrariwise, Technology scored the highest in drought and the lowest in rain-induced landslides and typhoon. While the National Building Code
in infrastructure projects is being implemented, these are believed to be most beneficial mainly in adapting to flooding, typhoon and rain-induced landslides only.
Most of the adaptive capacity indicators under Institutions and Governance had a median score, but in terms of Technical/Manpower Capability, it was
rated medium high and medium respectively. With the availability of barangay profiles and hazard maps, various IECs, telecommunication sites, and Radio station,
Information scored medium high in all hazards. Several adaptive capacity indicators under the Infrastructure dimension scored medium in all hazards, particularly
irrigation projects, bridges and evacuation center.
VULNERABLE PEOPLE, PLACES, AND SECTORS
Vulnerability is determined using three elements, namely: Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity. Exposure of Ramon has been analyzed through
the use of the municipality’s historical accounts and projections of PAGASA on temperature, precipitation, and extreme events. The hazard maps of MGB was also
used as a main reference on the level of susceptibility of an area to specific climate change hazards as indicated by their slope, topography, elevation, and soil
structure. Meanwhile, to determine sensitivity, analysis was made by sector (social, economic, environment, infrastructure, and land use). Estimated number of
elements at risk (people, places and institutions), the extent/ magnitude of the impacts, population projection and development patterns that dictates the future
risks of the municipality, were identified for each sector in the Sensitivity Analysis.
The combination of the exposure and sensitivity defines the “Threat Level” of the sector in a specific climate change driver or hazard. The threat level were
measured/ scored by assessing the probability of the hazard occurrence / frequency analysis (Exposure) and the degree/magnitude to which the CC and its impact
might affect an area as defined by the existing and projected (growth rate and development pattern) socio-economic and ecological condition in an area /
consequence analysis (current and future) (Sensitivity). The table below has also been used to guide the TWG in sensitivity assessment

Table 27: Parameters for Threat Level Assessment
Consequence Descriptive examples

s
 Large numbers of serious injuries or loss of lives.
 Regional decline leading to widespread business failure, loss of employment and
hardship.
High  Major widespread damages and loss to environment and infrastructure, with
h progressive irrecoverable damage.
 Local government services would cease to be effective.
 Isolated instances of serious injuries or loss of lives.
 Regional local economic development impacts and stagnation. Serious impacts on
livelihoods.
 Severe and widespread decline in the quality of life within the community.
Medium-High  Severe damages and a danger of continuing damage to infrastructure and
environment.
 Local government services struggle to remain effective and would be seen to be in
danger of failing completely
 Small numbers of injuries involving the public.
 Significant general reduction in livelihoods.
 Isolated but significant instances of environmental and infrastructure damage that
Medium might be reversed with intensive efforts.
 Local government services under severe pressure on several fronts.
 Minor injuries to public.
 Individually significant but isolated livelihood impacts.
Medium-Low  Minor instances of environmental and infrastructure damage that could be reversed.
 Isolated instances of government services being under severe pressure.
 Appearance of a threat but no actual harm to public safety.
 Minor impact on livelihoods.
Low  No or insignificant infrastructure and environmental damage.

 Minor instances of disruption to local government services

Source: Planning for Climate Change Tool, UN-Habitat
Cross Sectoral Analysis
 Threat Level
Per cross-sectoral analysis, drought and typhoon scored the highest apparent threat level to the Municipality. This rating is determined not only from the
level or scope of exposure to the climate change driver or hazard but the degree to which it can adversely impact the communities. Hence, the more dense
settlements with higher risks of being flooded and affected by typhoons and long dry spell, as aggravated by negative and unsustainable practices of the people,
are considered the hotspot areas though Ramon is in high lying area.
Table 28: Perceived Threat Level
Sector Flooding Typhoon RIL Drought Ave. Threat Level

Wealth 3 4 3 4 3.5
Information 3 4 3 4 3.5
Technology 3 4 3 4 3.5
Institution & 3 4 3 4 3.5
Governance
Social Capital 3 4 3 3 3.25
Infrastructure 3 4 3 4 3.5
Municipality Wide
Threat Level 3 4 3 3.83 3.46
*High - 5; Medium High – 4; Medium – 3; Medium Low – 2; Low – 1
Table 29
Sector Flooding Typhoon RIL Drought Ave. Threat Level
Social 3 4 3 4 3.5
Economic 3 4 3 4 3.5

Environment 3 4 3 4 3.5
Infrastructure 3 4 3 4 3.5
Land Use 3 4 3 3 3.25
Municipality Wide
Threat Level 3 4 3 3.8 3.45
The MGB of the Regional Office2 have prepared risk maps to provide a visual presentation of the location of at risk elements for each sector (social,
economic, environmental, infrastructure, and land use), as shown in the sectoral sensitivity analysis. Taking off from this information, an overlay analysis of the
cross-sectoral risks was also prepared for each identified climate change hazard in Ramon, namely: Flooding, Rain-induced Landslides, Drought, and Typhoon.
The analysis for each of the above-mentioned climate change hazard, depicting the location of identified elements at risk for all five sectors. These maps
highlight the threat level (probability/ frequency of hazard occurrence + magnitude of risks/ consequence) for each climate change hazard.
Five out of nineteen barangays are moderately threatened by flooding. The social elements and the key infrastructure facilities in these areas are at risk to
flooding events. Biodiversity and soil quality in one (1) barangay is also being affected by RIL due to soil erosion.
Adaptive Capacity Status
The municipality’s inherent ability to adapt to CC and its impact has also been recognized, and became the basis for adaptive capacity assessment. The
adaptive capacity of Ramon was assessed by listing down the adaptive capacity evidences for each development sector and categorized in six dimensions,
namely: Wealth, Technology, Institutions, Information, Infrastructure, and Social Capital. It is perceived that the Adaptive Capacity of Ramon will offset the Threat
(Exposure and Sensitivity).
Assessment results revealed that the municipality has the highest Adaptive Capacity status to Drought (4), while the adaptive capacity to Flooding and
Typhoon (3.83) and RIL (3.5) scored the lowest. The existing initiatives of the local government to prevent flooding or minimize its impacts are among its major
strength. Meanwhile, insufficient knowledge and large uncertainty brought about by soil erosion/landslide is evidence of its low adaptive capacity.
The average AC scores for each of the six Adaptive Capacity dimensions (as shown in the table below) reveal that in the context of Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation, “Social Capital “is the strongest in the Municipality. This can be attributed to the presence of functional service committees, CSOs,
sectorial groups and various assistance programs. Information is the second highest AC dimensions. Moreover, the municipality can increase its resilience to
climate change through the assistance of various agencies through financial and technical support. However, the municipality’s Adaptive Capacity (AC)
assessment showed the need to improve on wealth and infrastructure.
Table 30: Average Rating per Adaptive Capacity Dimension
Institution & Social

CC Hazard Wealth Information Technology Governanc Capital Infrastructure
e
Flooding 4 4 4 4 4 3
Typhoon 3 5 3 4 4 3
Landslide/ 3 3 3 4 5 3
Soil
Erosion
Drought 4 4 5 3 5 3
Ave. AC
score 3.5 4 3.75 3.75 4.5 3
per
dimension

Relative Vulnerability
The relative vulnerability of Ramon was determined by analyzing the threat level and status of adaptive capacity. The Vulnerability and Adaptation
Assessment or VAA Summary (see Annex) includes brief details on the threat level (exposure and sensitivity ) and assessment of adaptive capacity for each of the
five development sectors – Social, Economic, Environment, Infrastructure, and Land Use –as identified by the LCCAP team of Ramon. The Table below is the
score guide used for the assessment.
Figure 5. Score Guide
Score Guide
THREAT LEVEL ASSESSMENT ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

ASSESSMENT
Exposure and Sensitivity Adaptive Capacity
High = 5 High = 1
Medium High = 4 Medium High = 2
Medium = 3 Medium = 3
Medium Low = 2 Medium Low = 4
Low = 1 Low = 5
Relative Vulnerability (RV) = Threat Level (TL) + Adaptive Capacity (AC)

Table 31: Relative Vulnerability by Hazard
Climate Threat Level Adaptive Relative Vulnerability

Change (5-highest) Capacity Rating
Hazard (5-highest) (5-most vulnerable)
Flooding 3 3.83 0.78
Typhoon 4 3.83 1.04
Landslide/
Soil Erosion 3 3.5 0.86
Drought 5 4 1.25
Table 32: Relative Vulnerability by Sector
Climate Threat Level Adaptive Relative Vulnerability

Change (5-highest) Capacity Rating
Hazard (5-highest) (5-most vulnerable)
Social 3.5 3.79 0.92
Economic 3.5 3.79 0.92
Environment 3.5 3.29 1.06
Infrastructure 3.5 3.67 0.95
Land Use 3.25 3.79 0.86

Moreover, there is recognition on the existing initiatives and ongoing programs of the Municipal government in partnership with other concerned
organizations and agencies to continue building on the municipality’s capacity towards climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, as discussed in this
assessment, there are other crucial aspects that need to be improved and prioritized in order to reduce the threat level and increase resiliency of identified highly
vulnerable areas (highly dense communities, poor families in barangays).
RAMON LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

(CY 2016-2025)
WEALTH
PRIORITY
PROGRAMS,
PROJECTS, INDICATORS INSTITUTIONS/SECTORS RESOURCES
OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES (OBJECTIVES VERIFIABLE, OR DEPARTMENT REQUIRED
AND POLICIES INDICATORS OF INVOLVED/INCHARGE (IDENTIFY WHERE
Short Medium Long SUCCESS/PERFORMANCE) IS IT INCLUDED -
Term Term Term (7
(1-3 (4-6 years CDP/LDIP)
yrs) yrs) and
above)
1. To equip Rescue Team with Rescue Team 927 equipped with GSO CALAMITY FUND
rescue paraphernalia's to hazards √ first aid and rescue paraphernalia’s
respond
2. To provide fast and easy Three (3) units rescue vehicle/ GSO CALAMITY FUND
access to hazard prone areas for √ Monitoring service
rescue and relief operation
3. To prevent and mitigate the Tree planting conducted to MENRO, Task Force CALAMITY FUND,
effects of climate change √ numerous areas Kalikasan & Tourism EDF
Department
4. To seek additional fund Resolution prepared and submitted SB Office
donations in order to generate √ to various agencies (SN-Aboitiz,
funds to finance relief operations AASun, etc.)

and other mitigating activities.
5. To provide cash assistance to cash assistance provided to the DSWD, Volunteer Groups, CALAMITY FUND,
the affected families. √ affected families LDRRMC GAD
6. To provide alternative crops √ provided root crops to the farmers DA, GSO EDF
that can adapt to climate change
7. To prevent and control of non- Provisions of vaccines and MHO, GSO EDF
communicable diseases √ medicines to the affected
individuals
8. To provide temporary shelter to
affected individuals of calamity. √ Bahay Pag-asa constructed DSWD EDF
9. To distribute of Jetmatic pump √ √ √ Distributed Jetmatic pump DSWD, GSO, DA EDF


(CY 2016-2025)
INFORMATION
PRIORITY
PROGRAMS,
Term Term Term (7
yrs) yrs) and
above)
1. To enhance knowledge of More awareness of students and LDRRMO/MPDC/DA CALAMITY FUND
Climate Change Adaptation √ residents of Ramon to the effects
and Mitigation/Disaster Risk of climate change on how to deal to
reduction Management to calamities.
different barangays and
schools
2. To provide fast and easy √ Purchased of calamity monitoring GSO CALAMITY FUND
access to hazard information system such as TV and internet
connection
3. To efffectively disseminate √ Acquired modern, accurate, reliant LDRRMO CALAMITY FUND
disaster related information to communication system acquired
19 barangays

4. To conduct hazard vulnerability √ Identified hazard and vulnerable LDRRMO CALAMITY FUND
mapping prone areas
5. To provide rescue and √ Provide rescue and recovery LDRRMO, GSO CALAMITY FUND
recovery equipment equipment.

(CY 2016-2025)
TECHNOLOGY
PRIORITY
PROGRAMS,
Term Term Term (7
yrs) yrs) and
above)
1. To train and inform Barangay Trained & informed Barangay LDRRMO CALAMITY FUND
Officials/Council, NGO's Private √ Officials/Council, NGO's Private
Sector and vulnerable Sector and vulnerable members of
members of the community the community
2. To install WiFi connection at √ Installed WiFi at public places MEO/MPDC LGU

public places
3. To provide fast and easy √ Purchased of calamity monitoring GSO CALAMITY FUND
access to hazard information system such as TV and internet
connection
4. To install early warning system √ Installed early warning system for LDRRMO/ MEO CALAMITY FUND
disaster preparedness alarm and
information to the community

5. To prevent soil erosion along √ Construction of riverside retaining MEO EDF

river banks. wall
6.To provide agricultural support √ Provided agricultural support to the DA, MPDC NGA, EDF,
equipment to the affected affected famers in calamity CALAMITY FUND
farmers

(CY 2016-2025)
INSTITUTION AND GOVERNANCE
PRIORITY
PROGRAMS,
Term Term Term (7
yrs) yrs) and
above)
1. To identify flood/landslide All critical barangays identified and LDRRMO CALAMITY FUND
prone areas in the municipality √ prioritized.
and give priority attention and
allocation to the barangays to
be identified.
2. To prevent the loss of √ National Building code and Zoning MEO, Zoning MOOE
properties and lives among Ordinance strictly implemented Administration,
residents during calamities at MSWDO, EMB
hazard prone areas.
3. To actively monitor √ Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction MPDC, MDRRMC, Task MOOE
development issues, enforce & Management Council Force Kalikasan, LCCAP
and formulate strategies (MDRRMC), Local School Board Team

especially during calamities in (LSB), Local Health Board(LHB),

collaboration with different Task Force Kalikasan, Brgy. Risk
concerned agencies Reduction & Management Council
(BRRMC)
4. To conduct force evacuation to √ Ordinance on pre-emptive and MDRRMC, MSWDO MOOE
affected resident. force evacuation passed.
5. To organize Disaster √ Disaster Operation Volunteer MPDC, MDRRMC, ICS CALAMITY FUND
Operations Volunteer Groups/ICS organized Personnel
Groups/Incident Command
System


(CY 2016-2025)
SOCIAL CAPITAL
PRIORITY
PROGRAMS,
Term Term Term (7
yrs) yrs) and
above)
1. To provide financial assistance Financial assistance provided to LDRRMO CALAMITY FUND
program to small √ affected residents.
entrepreneurs and
disadvantaged persons
(SEA,AICS)
2. To provide financial assistance √ Financial assistance provided to MEO, DSWD, DA CALAMITY FUND
to damaged housing units and damaged housing units and
affected farmers. farmers affected.
3. To enhance knowledge of √ Awareness and preparation of LDRRMO, Rescue 927, CALAMITY FUND,
persons with disabilities, PWD’s, Seniors and DSWD, DA, Senior EDF
seniors and disadvantaged Disadvantaged persons in climate Citizens,

persons in climate change change
adaptation and mitigation
4. To provide shelter to the √ Constructed 20 units of core MEO, DSWD, MPDC, NGA NGA, EDF
displaced families/informal shelters at Barangay. Villa Marcos
settlers.

(CY 2016-2025)
INFRASTRUCTURE
PRIORITY
PROGRAMS,
AND POLICIES INDICATORS OF INVOLVED/INCHARGE (IDENTIFY
Short Medium Long SUCCESS/PERFORMANCE) WHERE IS IT
Term Term Term (7
(1-3 (4-6 years INCLUDED -
yrs) yrs) and CDP/LDIP)
above)
1. To provide residents safe and FMR to various barangay MEO, MPDC, NGA EDF, NGA
convenient farm to market √ concreted
road
2. To prevent high incidence of √ Disaster resilient evacuation center MEO EDF, NGA
mortality and loss Constructed
3. To control/avoid flooding in √ √ √ Drainage canals rehabilitated and MEO EDF, CALAMITY
urban barangays constructed FUND
4. To close open dumpsite √ Concreted Sanitary Landfill MEO EDF

5. To construct an overflow bridge √ Constructed overflow bridge MEO EDF
6. To construct an evacuation √ √ Constructed evacuation center MEO EDF, CALAMITY

center with complete facilities FUND, NGA
WORKSHOP OUTPUT
CLIMATE CHANGE DRIVER/HAZARDS, HISTORICAL TRENDS AND OBSERVED CONDITIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE MODEL SCENARIO AND
PROBABILITY TO RECUR
Climate Location Historical Trends and observed Conditions Climate Model Exposed Sectors Probability
Change Scenario Features Affected to Recur
Driver/Climate Projections (People, places,
Institutions)
1.Ambatali  Typhoon All 19 barangays directly
2.Bantug Pedring affected to strong winds
3.Bugallon Norte September and flooding totaling to
4.Bugallon Proper 27, 2011 4,307 individuals, 119
houses damaged,
5.Burgos 8,016.68 has. In crops
6.Gen. Aguinaldo production and
7.Nagbacalan ₱1,050,000.00 in Fishery
Typhoon 8.Oscariz Increase in Children, Business
9.Pabil rainfall pregnant women, Sectors, Medium
from412.2 to PWD’s, Senior Agriculture,
10.Pagrang-Ayan  Typhoon All 19 barangays directly
867.0 mm Citizen, Health,
11.Planas affected to strong winds
Quiel Livestocks, Education,
12.Purok ni Bulan and flooding totaling to
September Agricultural land, Water,
4,307 individuals, 119
13.Raniag 30, 2011 Infrastructures, Infrastructure,
houses damaged,
14.San Antonio Farmers, Transportation,
8,016.68 has. In crops
15.San Miguel Business Food security
production and
16.San Sebastian establishments
₱1,050,000.00 in Fishery
17.Villa Beltran
18.Villa Carmen

19.Villa Marcos
Column 1: Decide on the hazards in the municipality (experienced and based on the data from mandated agencies)
Column 2: Reflects the weather data recorded in the municipality
Column 3: With the weather data as reference, record the observations of stakeholders on these recorded typhoons, extreme events
Column 4: Match observed conditions with PAG-ASA data to see probability to recur
Column 5: Who, what are at risks
Column 6: What are the sectors affected of the hazard
Column 7: Indicate the probability to recur (High, Medium, Low) based on the observed conditions
WORKSHOP OUTPUT
Climate Change Location Historical Trends and observed Climate Model Exposed Sectors Probability
Driver/Climate Conditions Scenario Features Affected to Recur
Projections (People,
No. of affected places,
Households Institutions)
Bugallon Norte  Typhoon  More intense 83
Burgos Pedring downpours of 30
General Aguinaldo September rain 200 Families and Business Sectors,
27, 2011  Water farmers living in Agriculture, Health, Medium
Pagrang-ayan 12
Flooding  Typhoon contamination low lying areas Education, Water,
Quiel  Increased of and near river Infrastructure,
September incidence or banks Transportation,
30, 2011 vector-borne
diseases
San Sebastian 15
Total 265
Source: MGB/Primary Survey

WORKSHOP OUTPUT
places,
Institutions)
 Bugallon Norte Families and Agriculture sector

 Bugallon Proper Slight soil Agricultural/ farmers living and resident Low
Landslide  Gen. Aguinaldo Heavy movements and crops eroded in hill side living in affected
 Planas rain erosion (Sitio Wawa) area,
 Villa Carmen

WORKSHOP OUTPUT
places,
Institutions)
1.Ambatali  .
2.Bantug
3.Bugallon Norte
4.Bugallon Proper Decrease in
5.Burgos Agricultural
6.Gen. Aguinaldo production and
7.Nagbacalan fisheries
Drought 8.Oscariz Increase in Children, Business Sectors,
9.Pabil July to September mean pregnant Agriculture, Medium
10.Pagrang-Ayan 2015 temperature women, Senior Health,
11.Planas Has.= 3,084 Decrease in from 24.1 to Citizen, Education, Water,
water supply 40.0 °C Agricultural Infrastructure,
12.Purok ni Bulan
2010 land,
13.Raniag
Has. = 30.00 Infrastructures,
14.San Antonio
₱6,000,000.00 in Farmers,
15.San Miguel

16.San Sebastian damaged to

17.Villa Beltran fishiries
18.Villa Carmen
19.Villa Marcos
TRIGGERS, LOCATION AND SECTORS AFFECTED
CLIMATE CHANGE DRIVER/CLIMATE TRIGGERS LOCATION SECTORS AFFECTED

CHANGE HAZARD
1. Bantug
 Clogged drainage 2. Bugallon Norte Business Sectors, Agriculture, Health,
FLOODING  Low-lying 3. General Aguinaldo Education, Water, Infrastructure,
barangays 4. Oscariz Transportation
1.Ambatali
2.Bantug
3.Bugallon Norte
4.Bugallon Proper Families, Business Sectors, Agriculture,
5.Burgos Health, Education, Water, Infrastructure,
 Unpredictable 6.Gen. Aguinaldo Transportation,
change in climate 7.Nagbacalan
 Unpredictable 8.Oscariz
TYPHOON strong of typhoon 9.Pabil
10.Pagrang-Ayan
11.Planas
12.Purok ni Bulan
13.Raniag
14.San Antonio
15.San Miguel

16.San Sebastian
17.Villa Beltran
18.Villa Carmen
19.Villa Marcos

CLIMATE CHANGE DRIVER/CLIMATE TRIGGERS LOCATION SECTORS AFFECTED

CHANGE HAZARD
Agriculture sector and resident living in
LANDSLIDE Slight soil movements and 1. Bugallon Norte affected area
erosion 2. Bugallon Proper
3. Gen. Aguinaldo
4. Planas
5. Villa Carmen
1.Ambatali
2.Bantug
3.Bugallon Norte
4.Bugallon Proper Families, Business Sectors, Agriculture,
DROUGHT 5.Burgos Health, Education, Water, Infrastructure,
 Unpredictable 6.Gen. Aguinaldo Transportation,
change in climate 7.Nagbacalan
 Changes 8.Oscariz
9.Pabil
10.Pagrang-Ayan
11.Planas
12.Purok ni Bulan
13.Raniag
14.San Antonio
15.San Miguel
16.San Sebastian
17.Villa Beltran
18.Villa Carmen
19.Villa Marcos
IMPACT ANALYSIS (INFLUENCE DIAGRAM)
Climate Change Driver/Bio- Primary Impact Secondary Impact Tertiary Impact

Physical Effected

 Houses and buildings with  Increased demand in health

minor and major damages services  Malnutrition
 Debris along national roads  High cost of basic  Low purchasing capacity
TYPHOON  Loss of electrical supply commodities and productivity
 Submerge agricultural lands  Decreased in agricultural
and roads production
 Loss of lives property among  Inconvenience road
residents  Structural stress in housing
units
 Food shortage
 Submerged agricultural lands  Increase demand in health  High cost of basic
and roads particularly in low services commodities
lying areas  Decreased in agricultural  Farmers force to lend
FLOODING  Loss of property among production money in lending
residents  Structural stress in housing institutions in high rate
units  Low income in farmers due
to damage crops
 Decreased in Agricultural  Decreased in income  Loan payments
RAIN INDUCED production
LANDSLIDE/SOIL EROSION
 Water shortage  Decrease in crop  High cost of basic
 Occurrence of climate production commodities
DROUGHT change diseases  Increased in hypertension  Increased in death
case incidence
ANALYZING SENSITIVITIES
Who, What is at Location (Where Estimated Estimated Number of
Climate Triggers Risk (people, are these risks? Be Threshold at Stressors Data
Change systems, exact or detailed as (that requires Risk people/area per Source
activities, possible) adjustments) Given threshold
Driver/ facilities) Current Future

hazard (Light Light &
Mat’ls Semi-
wall/roof) Permanent
Mat’ls
1.Ambatali 77/56
2.Bantug 50/42
3.Bugallon Norte 131/51
 Limited MPDC/CBMS
4.Bugallon Proper 137/69
evacuation center
5.Burgos 120/72  Unavailability of
6.Gen. Aguinaldo Light and semi- 184/99 service vehicle in
Typhoon Housing units 7.Nagbacalan permanent housing 62/43 every barangay
units destroyed by for evacuation
with max With light and 8.Oscariz 44/20
wind 213- semi typhoon purposes
9.Pabil 44/28  Absence of
TYPHOO 240 permanent
km/hour materials
10.Pagrang-Ayan 127/87 ordinance on pre-
N emptive
11.Planas 89/62
12.Purok ni Bulan 29/28 evacuation
13.Raniag 142/66
14.San Antonio 78/55
15.San Miguel 155/102
16.San Sebastian 64/39
17.Villa Beltran 21/19
18.Villa Carmen 40/22
19.Villa Marcos 53/48
Who, What Location (Where Estimated Estimated Number
Climate Triggers is at Risk are these risks? Threshold of at Stressors Data
Change (people, Be exact or (that requires Risk people/area Source

Driver/ systems, detailed as adjustments) per

hazard activities, possible) Given threshold
facilities) Current Future
(Light Light &
Mat’ls Semi-
wall/roof Permanent
) Mat’ls
1. Ambatali 77/56  Limited
2. Bantug 50/42 evacuation
3. Bugallon Norte 131/51 center
Heavy Housing units 4. Gen. Aguinaldo 184/99  Unavailability of MPDC/CBMS
FLOODIN downpour erected at low service vehicle
5. Oscariz 44/20
G of rains lying areas in every
caused 6. Pabil Increase number 44/28 barangay for
by 7. San Miguel of % in houses 155/102 evacuation
tropical submerge in purposes
storm and water  Absence of
or ordinance on
typhoon pre-emptive
evacuation
Who, What is Location (Where Estimated Estimated Number
Climate Triggers at Risk are these risks? Threshold of at Stressors Data


Heavy  Agricultural 8 % of agricultural

downpour land near 1. Bugallon land in landslide 15  Limited MPDC/CBMS
RAIN of rains river near Norte, prone areas evacuation center
INDUCED caused by river banks 2. Bugallon  Unavailability of
LANDSLIDE tropical and landslide Proper service vehicle in
/SOIL storm and prone areas 3. Gen. every barangay
EROSION or typhoon  Lives and Aguinaldo for evacuation
property 4. Planas purposes
among 5. Villa  Absence of
residents Carmen ordinance on pre-
living emptive
landslide evacuation
prone areas


Climate Triggers at Risk are these risks? Threshold of at Stressors Data
Corn
Rice and corn
7,688.64  High cost of MPDC/CBMS
has drought crop
resistant
 Increased  High cost of fuel
Drought Farmers number of Rice for pumping
(El Nino farmers who machine for
Phenome refuse to till 11,976.48 irrigation
non) lands due to has purposes
DROUGHT
caused by unavailability of
climate water at NIA.
change  Decreased in
agricultural
production

DETERMINING THREAT LEVEL: SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT

Climate Triggers at Risk are these risks? Threshold of at Stressors Threat
Change (people, Be exact or (that requires Risk people per Level
Driver/ systems, detailed as adjustments) Given threshold
hazard activities, possible) Current Future
facilities) (Light Light &
Mat’ls Semi-
roof/wall) Permanent
Mat’ls
1.Ambatali 77/56
2.Bantug 50/42  Limited
3.Bugallon Norte 131/51 evacuation
Heavy Housing units 4.Gen. Aguinaldo Increases 184/99 center MEDIUM
downpour erected at low number of % in  Unavailability of
5.Oscariz 44/20
FLOODIN of rains lying areas houses service vehicle
G caused 6. Pabil submerged in 44/28 in every
by 7. San Miguel water 155/102 barangay for
tropical evacuation
storm and purposes
or  Absence of
typhoon ordinance on
pre-emptive
evacuation


Climate Triggers at Risk are these risks? Threshold of at Stressors Threat
Change (people, Be exact or (that requires Risk people/area Level
(Light Light &
Mat’ls Semi-
wall/roof) Permanent
Mat’ls
1.Ambatali 77/56
2.Bantug 50/42
3.Bugallon Norte 131/51
4.Bugallon Proper 137/69  Limited MEDIUM
evacuation HIGH
5.Burgos 120/72
center
6.Gen. Aguinaldo 184/99
10% of the  Unavailability of
Typhoon Housing units 7.Nagbacalan housing units 62/43 service vehicle
with max With light and 8.Oscariz destroyed by 44/20 in every
wind 213- semi 9.Pabil typhoon 44/28 barangay for
TYPHOO 240 kph permanent 10.Pagrang-Ayan 127/87 evacuation
N materials 11.Planas 89/62 purposes
12.Purok ni Bulan 29/28  Absence of
ordinance on
13.Raniag 142/66
pre-emptive
14.San Antonio 78/55
evacuation
15.San Miguel 155/102
16.San Sebastian 64/39
17.Villa Beltran 21/19
18.Villa Carmen 40/22
19.Villa Marcos 53/48
Who, What is Location (Where Estimated Estimated
Climate Triggers at Risk are these risks? Threshold Number of at Stressors Threat
Change (people, Be exact or (that requires Risk people/area Level
facilities)
1. Bugallon
Norte
 Agricultural 2. Bugallon
land near Proper 15  Limited MEDIUM
river near 3. Gen. evacuation
river banks Aguinaldo center
and 4. Planas 8 % of  Unavailability of
Heavy landslide 5. Villa agricultural land service vehicle
downpour prone areas Carmen in landslide in every
of rains  Lives and prone areas barangay for
RAIN INDUCED caused property evacuation
LANSLIDE/SOIL by among purposes
EROSION tropical residents
storm living
and or landslide
typhoon prone areas

Who, What Location Estimated Estimated Number

Climate Triggers is at Risk (Where are Threshold of at Stressors Threat
Change (people, these risks? Be (that requires Risk people/area per Level
Driver/ systems, exact or adjustments) Given threshold
hazard activities, detailed as Current Future
facilities) possible)
Corn
Rice and corn
7,688.64  High cost of HIGH
has drought crop
resistant
 Increased  High cost of
Drought (El Farmers number of Rice fuel for
Nino farmers who pumping
Phenomenon) refuse to till 11,976.48 machine for
DROUGHT caused by lands due to has irrigation
climate unavailability purposes
change of water at
NIA.
 Decreased in
agricultural
production

ADAPTIVE HAZARDS
CAPACITY FLOODING AC TYPHOON AC RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE AC DROUGHT A
DIMENSIONS C
WEALTH  Recue 927 Team  Recue 927 Team  Loader  Distribution of Jetmatic
Paraphernalia 4 Paraphernalia 4  grader 3 pump 4
 Ambulance  Dump trucks  Distribution of
 Chainsaw  ambulance alternative crops that
 Relief Good can adapt CC to the
farmers
INFORMATION  Radio announcements  Police and fire station siren  Continuous Environment  Continuous
 Hand held radio to all 4  Public announcement 5 Information 3 Environment 4
barangay (mobile)  Climate Change Information
 Hand held radio to all adaptation and mitigation  Climate Change
barangay lectures adaptation and
mitigation lectures
TECHNOLOGY  Retaining wall of riverside  cellphone  Attendance in climate

4  WiFi connection 3  Retaining wall 3 change related 5
 Early warning system  Hand held radio to all seminars
barangay
INSTITUTION AND  Kabalikat, Task Force  Kabalikat, Task Force  Kabalikat, Task Force  Kabalikat, Task Force
GOVERNANCE Kalilasan 4 Kalilasan 4 Kalilasan 5 Kalilasan 5
SOCIAL CAPITAL  LDRRMO, Barangay  LDRRMO, Barangay Officials,  LDRRMO, Barangay  LDRRMO, Barangay
Officials, RHU, Medical 4 RHU, Medical Team, Rescue 4 Officials, RHU, Medical 5 Officials, RHU, Medical 5
Team, Rescue Team, Team, NGO’s Team, Rescue Team, Team, Rescue Team,
NGO’s NGO’s NGO’s
INFRASTRUCTURE  Evacuation Center, 3  Evacuation Center, Schools 3  3  3
Schools
AVERAGE SCORE  3.83  3.83  3.50 4

WORKSHOP (RELATIVE VULNERABILITY)
CC HAZARD THREAT LEVEL ADAPTIVE CAPACITY RELATIVE VULNERABILITY RATING

RATING
FLOODING 3 3.83 0.78
TYPHOON 4 3.83 1.04
LANDSLIDE/SOIL 3 3.50 0.86

EROSION
DROUGHT 5 4 1.25

WORKSHOP (RELATIVE VULNERABILITY)
CC HAZARD THREAT LEVEL ADAPTIVE CAPACITY RELATIVE VULNERABILITY RATING

RATING
Social 3.5 3.79 0.92
Economic 3.5 3.79 0.92
Environment 3.5 3.29 1.06
Infrastructure 3.5 3.67 0.95
Land Use 3.25 3.79 0.86

Definitions of Terms
1. “Adaptation” refers to the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or
exploits beneficial opportunities.
2. “Adaptive capacity” refers to the ability of ecological, social or economic systems to adjust to climate change including climate variability and extremes, to
moderate or offset potential damages and to take advantage of associated opportunities with changes in climate or to cope with the consequences thereof.
3. “Anthropogenic causes” refers to causes resulting from human activities or produced by human beings.
4. “Climate Change” refers to a change in climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties and that persists for an extended
period typically decades or longer, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.
5. “Climate Variability” refers to the variations in the average state and in other statistics of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual
weather events.
6. “Climate Risk” refers to the product of climate and related hazards working over the vulnerability of human and natural ecosystems.
7. “Disaster” refers to a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses
and impacts which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
8. “Disaster risk reduction” refers to the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of
disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and
improve preparedness for adverse events.
9. “Gender mainstreaming” refers to the strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design,
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies and programs in all political, economic, and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and
inequality is not perpetuated. It is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies, or programs
in all areas and at all levels.

10. “Global Warming” refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans that is associated with the increased concentration
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
11. “Greenhouse effect” refers to the process by which the absorption of infrared radiation by the atmosphere warms the Earth.
12. “ Greenhouse gases(GHG)” refers to constituents of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect including, but not limited to, carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, per fluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride.
13. “Mainstreaming” refers to the integration of policies and measures that address climate change onto development planning and sectoral decision-making.
14. “Mitigation” in the context of climate change, refers to human intervention to address anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHG,
including ozone- depleting substances and their substitutes.
15. “Mitigations potential” shall refer to the scale of GHG reductions that could be made, relative to emission baselines, for a given level of carbon price (expressed in
cost per unit of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions avoided or reduced).
16. “Sea level rise” refers to an increase in sea level which may be influenced by factors like global warming through expansion of sea water as the oceans warm and
melting of ice over land and local factors such as land subsidence.
17. “Vulnerability” refers to the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change including climate variability and
extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its
adaptive capacity.

ERRATA
Page No. 54 – Increase in Temperature
(third line, the word PAGASA before the word Echague, Isabela was clerically omitted.)

Executive Summary: Municipality of Ramon Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment

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Municipality of Ramon

Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 1

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 2

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 3

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 4

 Engr. Victor Carreon,- Municipal Local Government Operations Officer

 Engr. Antonina B. Fernandez - MPDC

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 5

R.A. 9729, likewise, provides among others the following:

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 6

Acronyms & Abbreviations

BPLO - Business Permit Licensing Office

CASS - Climate Adaptation Support Service

CCA - Climate Change Adaptation

CCC - Climate Change Commission

CCVI - Climate Change Vulnerability Index

CFI - Commercial Financial Institutions

CHED - Commission on Higher Education

CRM - Climate Risk Management

DAR - Department of Agrarian Reform

DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DepED - Department of Education

DFI - Development Finance Institutions

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 7

DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government

DOE - Department of Energy

DOF - Department Finance

DOH - Department of Health

DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment

DOST - Department of Science and Technology

DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways

DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction

DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

DSM - Demand Side Management

DSWD - Department of Social and Welfare Development

DTI - Department of Trade and Industry

EDC - Energy Development Corporation

ENRA - Environmental and Natural Resource Accounting

GDP - Gross Domestic Product

HUDCC - Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

HVAC - Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 8

IEC - Information and Education Campaign

IFC - International Finance Corporation

IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature

IWRM - Integrated Water Resources Management

IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

KBA - Key Biodiversity Area

LCCAP - Local Climate Change Action Plan

LDCs - Least Developed Countries

LGU - Local Government Unit

LUCF - Land Use Change and Forestry

LWUA - Local Water Utilities Administration

MDFO - Municipal Development Finance Officer

MENRO - Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office

MPDC - Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator

Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016-2025)Page 9

NCCAP - National Climate Change Action Plan