Renewable Energy and Power Generation

Speaker: William Buenaventura

Slide 1 to Slide #: Unknown (Late Ako ng 5 minutes pero nag-istart na sila)

1. Passive Solar Heating

Captures sunlight directly with a structure and converts it to low-temperature

heat for space heating.

Advantages:

 Save money
 Create 2-5 more jobs/unit of electricity
 Eliminate/reduce fossil fuels
 Less pollution
 Less environmental damage

Disadvantages:

 Expensive for initial costs

 Aesthetically not pleasing
 Latitude

2. Active Solar Heating

Specially designed collectors absorb solar energy and fan/pump distributes

energy to parts of a building to meet space/water heating needs.

Advantages:

 Save money
 Create 2-5 more jobs/unit of electricity
 Eliminate/reduce fossil fuels
  Less pollution
 Less environmental damage

Disadvantages:

 Expensive for initial costs

 Aesthetically not pleasing
 Latitude

3. Solar Power Tower

Huge arrays of computer-controlled mirrors that track the sun and focus sunlight
on a central heat collection tower.

Advantages:

 Cost will drop as

 Technology improves

Disadvantages:

 Costs 8X more to build

4. Solar Thermal Plant

Sunlight is collected and focused on oil-filled pipes that run through the middle
of curved solar collectors.

Advantages:

 Can generate temperatures high enough for industrial processes

 Can supply back-up electricity
 Cheaper than nuclear

Disadvantages:

 Central receivers are expensive to operate

5. Solar Cooker

Focuses and concentrates sunlight in a box typically covered in glass to trap

infrared radiation waves to cook food in rural villages in developing.

Advantage:

 Does not reduce deforestation

Disadvantage:

 2-4 hours to cook average meal

6. Solar Hydrogen
 Water can be split into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen.
 It is in its infancy. So far... we can create fuel cells where hydrogen and
oxygen combine to produce an electrical current, but it is difficult to store
enough hydrogen gas in a fuel tank for very long.
 Politics and economics are "holding up” this technology.
 R&D from government needed.
 Must convince energy companies and investors to $ into this type of power
and phase out fossil fuels.
 Must convince public to change over.

Advantage:

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Disadvantage:

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7. Hydropower
 A dam is built across a large river to create a reservoir. The higher the head, the
greater the amount of power that can be generated. Water is stored in a reservoir
during low electricity production. Water is released and flows are controlled as
electricity demands peak. Water spins the turbines in the “powerhouse".
Electricity is distributed to end user.

Examples – Aswan High Dam (Egypt) and Colorado River Basin (USA/Mexico)

Advantages:

 Moderate to high energy yield

 Low operating/maintenance costs
 Low air pollution
 2-10 x longer lifespan than other
 Power Sources

Disadvantages:

 Create floods
 Destroys habitats
 Uproots people
 Pesticides and Algicides Used
 Decreases Fish Harvest

8. Tidal Power

Power created from tidal energy

Advantages

 Tidal energy spins turbines

Disadvantages

 Few suitable sites

 Construction costs high
9. Biomass

Biomass-organic matter in plants produced through photosynthesis and can be

burned directly as a solid fuel or converted into a gas or liquid fuel.

Sources:

a. Burning wood
b. Agricultural Waste
i. Bagasse (sugar cane residue)
ii. Straw
c. Urban Waste (WTE)
i. burning garbage
d. Biofuels
i. Biogas- a mixture of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide.
ii. Liquid ethanol- (grain alcohol)- sugar grain, mix gasoline ethanol-
gasohol which can burned in conventional gasoline engines (super-
unleaded)

Advantages:

 Potentially renewable resource

 Less air pollutants released
 Decrease in use of fossil fuels
 Moderate-high net energy yield

Disadvantages:

 Removal of trees depletes soil nutrients 2. Soil erosion (turbidity)

 Flooding
 Loss of wildlife habitats
 Large land areas needed
 Heavy pesticide/fertilizer use
 Reduces biodiversity 8. Reduces ecological integrity
10. Geothermal
 Heat contained in underground rocks and fluid that can be tapped for
energy.
 Extract dry steam, wet steam or hot water and can be used to heat space or
water.
 "Potentially renewable resource"
 22 countries currently use geothermal, it supplies 1% of world energy. In the
USA (44% geothermal energy produced worldwide) geothermal electricity is
produced mostly in Hawaii, California, Nevada, and Utah.

Advantages:

 Reliable
 Renewable
 Moderate Net Energy Yield
 96% less CO₂ emitted
 Competitive Cost

Disadvantages:

 Scarcity of reservoirs
 Deforestation to
 Build plants
 Land subsidence
 Noise, odor

Solutions for Sustainable Energy

o Improve energy efficiency

o Increase local availability of renewable energy resources
o Find transitional resources (natural gas, nuclear)
o Government must promote R&D for alternative renewable energy resources.
o Educate the public
o All energy resources should compete in an open, free-market with NO
government control!
 o Government needs to implement constructive subsidies not destructive subsidies
to promote change, this will lead to conservation of resources and less over
consumption.

Overview About: Renewable Energy vs. Non-renewable Energy

Renewable energy

Generated from sources that naturally replenish themselves and never run out.

Examples: Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass

Non-renewable energy

Comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes -
or even in many, many lifetimes.

Examples: Fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

General Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy

Advantages:

 Combat climate change because it creates no direct gas emissions.

 RE can decrease pollution and therefore reduce threats to our health
 RE is reliable source of power
 RE facilities cost very little to operate and the fuel is often free.

Disadvantages:

 Difficult to generate power on the same large scale as fossil fuels.

 Building wind farms and dams can destruct wildlife and migration patterns
 Both solar and wind energy are intermittent.
 Most RE sources are still subject to unpredictable forces of nature.

Reasons Why There Is a Need to Shift into Renewable Energy

  Currently, high demand for energy is primarily served by fossil-based energy
sources
o Formed by natural processes; could take millions of years to form.
o All currently known viable reserves are being depleted much faster than new
ones are being made.
o Can bring harmful and disastrous effects to the environment
 RE sources offer environment-friendly alternative to the greenhouse gas emissions
and pollution of fossil fuels

Global And ASEAN Actions Promoting Renewable Energy Globally:

Globally:

 China, US, Brazil, India and Germany have the biggest renewable power capacity.
 Increasing number of countries are recognizing the need to slow down climate
change:
o The Paris Agreement
o United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

In Asia:

 The ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC 2016-2025)

o Targets 23% share of RE in total primary energy supply by 2025
o Committed to achieve 30% reduction in energy intensity
 ASEAN and Germany are working together on promoting RE and energy
efficiency.

Status Of Renewable Energy in The Philippines

Energy Demand and Consumption:

 Philippines is the 5th in Asia in terms of using clean energy.

o Almost 1/4 (23.4%) of energy mix are clean energy.
 Energy demand - to increase by 7,000 MWh in next 5 years
o Out of 25 energy plants installed, 64% are coal fired, 6% are only
renewables.
 o Energy requirement: 43,000 MWh until 2030
o Because of the Build, Build, Build Project (required: 26,000 MWh)
o Installed capacity: 22,728 MWh

What Drives the Increasing Use of Renewable Energy?

 Need to transition and commit to clean energy

 Huge gap between energy requirement and installed capacity
 Government programs require large energy use until 2030
 Most vulnerable to climate crisis
 Need to be competitive in efficiency and affordability
 Presence of various supports from:
 Private agencies pioneering RE sources
 Support by the Department of Energy (DOE)

Available Renewable Energy Sources

 Solar energy - one of the promising options; programs focusing on rural areas
lead by private agencies
 Wind energy - PH has significant wind energy resources spread across various
islands.
 Hydroelectric powerplant- PH has 3,627 MW of hydropower installed.
 Geothermal powerplant- PH ranks second in the world in terms of geothermal
energy production.
 Biomass energy - PH has abundant supplies of biomass energy resources in form
of agricultural crop residues, etc.