PRACTICE

LISTENING
I. You will hear part of a talk about the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Complete the
sentences with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
In the 1800s, huge 1. __ advances were made in many branches of engineering.
Brunei's father, Marc, was born in 2.France.
While working on a tunnel, Brunel was 3.swept away floodwater after the roof collapsed.
You have to pay a 4. ___ nominall toll to drive or walk across the suspension bridge at Clifton.
The British navy still used 5.wooden ships in 1850.
There were a series of hold-ups and accidents before the launch of the ship named 6.Great Western.
This ship laid a 7.transatlantic cable a across the Atlantic ocean.
The building of the Great Western Railway demanded enormous energy and 8.imagination from
Brunel.
For a century after Brunel built the Saltash Bridge, engineers followed the 9. principle of its
construction.

II. You will hear part of a radio Interview with Jack Edwards, an expert on rainforests.
Choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
1. According to Jack, all of the world's tropical rainforests
A. are found in only a few countries.
B. can be divided into two types.
C. have temperatures constantly above 24°C.
D. are in either Central or South America.
2. What does Jack say about temperate rainforests?
A. They are home to a huge variety of animal species.
B. They have existed much longer than any other forests on Earth.
C. In a few cases, they can be found in the same country as a tropical rainforest.
D. They are much larger than tropical rainforests.
3. The speakers agree that the most important characteristic of rainforests is that
A. they may help mitigate changes to the planet's climate.
B. they are home to very rare species of plants and animals.
C. they provide people with food and shelter.
D. some pharmaceutical companies depend on ingredients found in them.
4. Jack is concerned that
A. some plants that are normally used in medicines are being deliberately destroyed.
B. governments don't understand the negative impact mining and logging have on the rainforest.
C. conservation projects are not as profitable as other ventures in the rainforest
D. plants with medicinal properties may become extinct before they are discovered.
5. What does Jack say about the people working on the conservation project in Acre?
A. They are planting trees to recreate an area of rainforest.
B. They are creating environmentally friendly employment for local people.
C. They inspired Jack to start his own conservation project.
D. They have succeeded in making the river so clean that you can now drink the water in it.

GUIDED CLOZE
The Gym
My doctor had been (0)me about getting more exercise for several years. Of course, I knew he was right. Over
the years, the various sports I'd played in my youth had fallen by the (1). I was no longer able to fmd the time
for them.
That left the gym. I'd been (2)it over for about six months, but every time I looked through my local gym's
window, I was convinced it was a terrible idea. There were the competitive, exhibitionist types, grunting and
sweating. Then there were the trainers insisting that you rigidly (3)to a schedule of mind-numbingly
monotonous activities such as running on a treadmill like a hamster on its wheel. And all of this was (4)out in
front of huge picture windows in (5)view of any passers-by! Nothing about it was the least (6) appealing.
And yet, when I finally (7)the gym, I was pleasantly surprised. With careful planning, the grunters can be avoided,

0. A. belittling B. begrudging C. badgering D. bantering

1. A. roundabout B. wayside C. backdrop D. sideline
2. A. reflecting B. pondering C. mulling D. contemplating
3. A. adhere B. follow C. comply D. abide
4. A. pulled B. set C. held D. carried
5. A. total B. full C. great D. entire
6. A. bit B. spot C. trace D. share
7. A. enrolled B. registered C. enlisted D. joined
8. A. attached B. keen C. fond D. devoted
OPEN CLOZE
ARCHAEOLOGY

and I'm even becoming quite (8) ___________ of my trainer.

(1) Like history, archaeology is the study of past societies but whereas historians rely on written records,
archaeologists gather much of their information by carrying out excavations or "digs". During these digs, the
archaeologists are on the (2) ___ lookout ___for bones, seeds or any man-made objects which will give them
clues as (3) ___ to _ how ancestors lived.
One of the most significant challenges (4) __for / facing archaeologists is finding the right place to dig. This
decision
is reached by consulting old maps, documents or aerial photographs, which can reveal the footprints of ancient
roads or buildings (5) __ invisible __ from the ground. The next step is the painstaking (6) ___ removal __ of
layers of soil, examining, recording and analysing everything that is found.
(7) _ Although ___ considerably more difficult, archaeologists have excavated buildings and whole towns that
were under water, using many of the same techniques that are used on land.
It was archaeologists who first discovered that human evolution began in Africa, and this is just one of many
(8) _ contributions __ to human knowledge made by people in the fascinating field of archaeology.
WORD FORMATION
It is undeniable that music can (1. TRANCE) trancelike or electrify an audience, and that a catchy tune
almost (2. VARY)invariably elicits from people a near (3. VOLUNTEER) ___________ involuntary __ tapping of
toes no matter what the occasion. Music taps into something primal within us. Indeed, dance is one of the oldest
art forms, enjoyed since prehistoric times as (4. EVIDENT) __ evidence __ by ancient cave paintings in northern
Spain.
Experts theories that dancing was associated with religious ceremonies and other rituals originally. In time,
however, it would come to form the core of public entertainment in many cultures, with dances (5. EVOLUTION)
evolutionized=> EVOLVING into grand social events in them own right.
The modem world would be (6. COMPREHEND)___ incomprehensible ___ to our ancient ancestors, and yet we
still love to dance as they once did. Turning, twisting and jumping in unison (7. GENDER)engenders a feeling of
(8. TOGETHER) _____________ togetherness _ , a sense of bonding that connects the participants not only to
one another but also to our distant collective past.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A.
1d 2b 3a 4c 5a 6d 7b 8a
1. We don't sell foreign newspapers because there is no for them.
A. request B. requirement c. claim D. demand
2. The climate of this country is similar in many ways to
A. the United States B. that of the United states
c. which of the United States D. this of the United States
3. Fortunately, it was not long before he got a lift with an old man who and gave him some money
as well.
A. had a heart of gold B. swallow his pride c. was very wise D. was very old
4. Born into a rich family, he has for nothing all his life.
A. needed B. required c. lacked D. wanted
5. Although her movie performances often receive from critics, the actress hasn't given up yet.
A. feedback B. praise c. jeers D. encouragement
6. If my best friend and I are upset with each other, we'll get together and talk in order to solve our
issues as quickly as possible.
A. mule B. kitten c. chicken D. turkey
7. Replacement of smartphone batteries can be difficult because you have to take the device first.
A. off B. apart c. away D. down
8. during the meeting did anyone mention that the managing director was planning to leave.
A. At no point B. In no way c. Only after D. Little

B.
1a 2d 3c 4c 5b 6a 7c 8b
1. We up a friendship the very first time we met. ■ . .
A. struck B. launch c. cropped D. settled
2. All candidates will be treated equally,of their age or background.
A. notwithstanding B. discounting c, irrelevant D. irrespective
3. she set up the project that it would be so influential.
A. Little did she realize when B. she didn't realize
c. Never has she realized before D. After realizing
4. Medical privacy laws of health care providers that they be careful with protected information.
A. conceive B. envisage c. devise D. require
5. terms are Hoang Sa and Truong Sa in possession of China. They belong to Vietnam.
A. In no uncertain B. Not a contradiction in c. Not on equal D. On no good
5. In friendship, we the embarrassment of a dissident disclosure.
A. are at pains to avoid B. are on pain of avoidance
c. are under pain of avoidance D, avoid for one another's pains
7. Owning and living in a freestanding house is still a goal of young adults,earlier generations.
A. as did B. as It was of c. like that of D. so have
8. A trap disguise Is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse.
A. offered a gift of B. offered as a gift in c. offering a gift in D. offering a gift to

ERRORS (6)
PASSAGE 1:

1. OFFERED TO
2. AN ATTRACTIVELY SERVED MEAL / ATTRACTIVELY SERVED MEALS
3. IN / ON
4. SUPPOSED
5. RATHER THAN
6. CIRCUMSTANCES

READING Choose the correct headings for each paragraph

List of headings
1 The expected result of the project
ii Further alms of the research
ill What the research project is based on
iv The use of expertise from countries around the world
V A need to concentrate on academic integration
vi A lack of knowledge about the effect of social networking on student retention
vii An emphasis until now on academic rather than social integration
viii The reason for using Facebook to recruit students
ix Increasing the chance of withdrawal
 FACE-TO-FACE OR. FACEBOOK?
Can online networking sites help new students settle into university?
Á. Can online networking sites, such as Facebook and MySpace, help new students settle into university
social and academic life and minimize the chance of them withdrawing from their courses?
Researchers at the University of Leicester are now looking for first-year University of Leicester students who
use Facebook to help their pioneering research into this issue. They should not be too difficult to recruit,
student use of the online networking site Facebook is running at a phenomenal level, with almost 10,000
present and past students and staff participating. Currently, 95 per cent of 16-18 year olds intending to go
to university are using social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace.
B. "Yet we know little about how this phenomenon impacts on the student experience and, in particular, if
and how it helps them integrate into university life," commented Jane Wellens, Education Developer in the
University of Leicester's staff Development Centre. She is working with Dr Clare Madge, of the Department
of Geography, Tristram Hooley, of CRAC, the Career Development Organisation, and Julia Meek, an
independent evaluation consultant. "The expectations and online experience of the latest and next
generations of students requires universities to think carefully about how, and whether, to use these new
technologies and meeting spaces to enhance the social aspects of student Integration into university life.",
she further commented.
c. Academic and social integration into university life are key factors Influencing individual students'
experiences and the likelihood of their withdrawing from their student courses. Until now most research in
the field has concentrated on academic support rather than integration into the wider social world of the
university. Students are now so used to using social networking sites that one university in the US has actually
been running sessions to encourage students to build up face-to-face networks. One aspect of the Leicester
project is to explore whether there are differences In the longevity/ and nature of university friendships that
students establish face-to-face compared With those they make online through social networking sites.
D. The Leicester project builds on internationally acclaimed work the University has already started on
teaching and learning online. "We recently used Facebook as a means of encouraging students on an online
module to get to know one another," Jane Wellens said. 'This raised many issues such as where the boundary
between public and private space is, and how comfortable students (and staff) of different ages feel regarding
the use of such technology."
The Leicester project also draws on internationally recognised expertise by this specific team of researchers
in online research methodologies. As Clare Madge of the Department of Geography at the University of
Leicester stated: "This project will be using both an online questionnaire and virtual interviews, and will
innovate In the use of Facebook itself as a site to conduct virtual interviews1'.

E. What Dr Wellens and her colleagues hope to establish from the new research project is how Leicester
students are using Facebook as part of their social and learning experience and whether joining the
University's Facebook network before they come to Leicester helps students to settle down more easily to
university life" They will also be looking to see if there is any way that university support services and academic
departments can use the online social networking sites to help students integrate into university life, and how
the sites might be re-shaping our everyday lives in terms of the importance of place-based versus virtual
networking.
F. Research results are expected to Influence university policies at Leicester and beyond. "It may affect the
way the University uses its Facebook network," said Dr Wellens. "One outcome might be that the University
would use these sites to bring new students together before their arrival, or to bring together current and
new students to provide peer support. It will also ascertain students' views about the ways .in which the
University and its staff should, or shouldn't, use Facebook for academic purposes." The project has received
funding from the Teaching Enhancement Forum and the Registrar at the University of Leicester. The project
is being undertaken by the interdisciplinary team of Dr Jane Wellens, staff Development, Dr Clare Madge,
Geography, Dr Tristram Hooley, CRAC and Dr Julia Meek, an independent evaluation consultant, who have
internationally recognised expertise in Online Research Methods.
1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A
REWRITE
1. Everybody says that the accident was Tim's fault. BLAME
= > By all means, Tim was to blame for the accident.

2. There can be no doubt that he did it on his wife's advice. MUST

= > His wife must have advised him to do it.

3. He missed his opportunity because he arrived late. TIME

= > If he had been in time, he wouldn't have missed his opportunity.

4. The opposition attacked the minister's proposal. UNDER

= > The minister's proposal came under attack by the opposition.

5. People know that Jack was surprised by what happened. KNOWN

=> Jack is known to have been taken aback by what happened.

6. We won't reach the airport in less than forty minutes. LEAST

= > It will take us at least 40 minUTEs to get to the airport.

7. Passengers are not allowed to use their phones during take-off. REFRAIN
= > Passengers are to refrain from using their phones while taking off.

8. We didn't realise how expensive that mistake would prove to be. WOULD
=> Little did we know how expensive that mistake would be to us.

9. My first impression upon meeting him was that he was very polite. STRUCK
= > When I met him, I was struck by how polite he was.

10. Despite what we had expected, the play was well received by the audience. WENT
= > Contrary to what we had expected, the play went on well with the audience.

go down (with somebody) (also go over (with somebody) especially in North American English)
= to be received in a particular way by somebody
Eg: The suggestion didn't go down very well with her boss.
The novel went down well with the public.

11. Although she seems very friendly, you shouldn't trust her. SEEM
= > Friendly as she may seem, she shouldn't be trusted.

12. The police investigation into the killing began in March. INTO
= > The police has been looking into the killing since March.

13. You were wrong to scold the child in front of the others. OUGHT
= > You ought not to have told the child off in front of the others.

14. Entry is prohibited to those without a valid ticket. POSSESSION

= > Unless you are in possession of a valid ticket will you be allowed in.